基于相关能量波动评估的学习样本筛选与深度置信神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断研究

在数据驱动的滚动轴承状态智能辨识中,针对辨识模型构建过程中由于学习样本“质量差”造成其故障识别率低的问题,提出一种如何筛选学习样本的准则来提升基于深度置信神经网络滚动轴承智能辨识模型识别率的方法。首先,基于变分模态分解将具有时变调制特性的滚动轴承振动信号分解为有限个表征原信号不同成分的本征模函数分量;其次,根据其故障能量波动及其相关来量化并评估上述每个分量包含故障成分的比重,并据此对振动信号进行筛选重构来获取学习样本;最后,将上述学习样本集作为深度置信网络的输入来构建滚动轴承的故障辨识模型。实验结果表明,所提方法不仅筛选出滚动轴承振动信号中包含故障主成分的本征模函数分量并实现学习样本集构建,而且提高了基于振动数据的滚动轴承状态辨识模型的故障识别率。     

基于力觉遥示教焊缝辨识信号数值滤波技术

在基于力觉的遥示教过程中,为克服由于机器人的振动、焊缝表面粗糙不平和焊机电磁场干扰等因素造成焊缝的辨识力信号不稳,基于受力信号变化焊缝辨识模型分析,提出用卡尔曼滤波递推方法对焊缝辨识受力信号进行的滤波处理,建立焊缝受力信号滤波数学模型.通过模型的状态方程、观测方程、状态预报滤波、滤波增益矩阵和预报状态的协方差矩阵,完成对下一时刻受力信号准确预报.试验表明,卡尔曼滤波使焊缝受力信号状态估计的误差变小,增加焊缝辨识受力信号检测精度,进而可以提高遥控焊接遥示教焊缝辨识精度.     

振动筛综合故障的辨识诊断分析

通过对振动筛振动故障的辨识,及早地发现故障,不致使其继续发展,并及时对其进行维护 ,可使维修成本降低,对保证正常生产具有重要意义.通过对正常状态和故障状态时振动筛的振动数据分别进行分析研究,对故障信号予以辨识,找出了相应的辨识方法.     

风力发电机组发电机前轴承故障预警及辨识* .txt

摘要：为实现风电机组发电机前轴承故障预警及辨识,将监控和数据采集系统(SCADA)时间序列数据和状态监测系统振动数据相结合,提出了一种时频域建模方法。首先,利用SCADA数据建立基于门控循环单元神经网络的发电机前轴承温度模型,并计算其温度残差特征;其次,提取发电机前轴承振动信号时域特征和频域特征;最后,将温度残差特征和振动信号时频域特征相融合,建立基于极限梯度提升的前轴承故障辨识模型,从而辨识发电机前轴承正常、内圈损伤、外圈损伤、轴不平衡、滚动体损伤5类情况。实验研究表明,该方法比单独利用振动信号特征开展前轴承故障预警辨识的准确率高,其正常、内圈损伤、外圈损伤的平均辨识准确率从87%、585%、65%,分别提升到885%、675%和74%。 .txt     

故障特征增强的滚动轴承状态评估方法

针对现有滚动轴承状态评估方法对早期故障不敏感、严重依赖历史全生命周期数据等问题,提出一种增强故障信息的滚动轴承状态评估方法。采用小波包变换提取信号特征,基于隐马尔可夫模型结合指数加权移动平均建立评估指标,以评估轴承健康状况并增强早期故障信息;早期故障发生后,应用改进的增强功率谱对信号的频域特征进行增强并诊断故障类型。实验结果表明：该方法能有效描述滚动轴承的退化趋势,及时发现早期故障并快速诊断故障类型。     

基于结构自适应径向基神经网络的油样光谱数据建模

基于光谱分析数据的机械磨损状态预测有利于发现机械系统的早期磨损故障。由于神经网络对于非线性模型的辨识和非平稳信号的预测，与传统预测模型相比具有明显的优势，将神经网络预测方法运用于光谱分析，提出了基于神经网络预测的光谱分析监测技术。在预测模型中采用了在函数逼近、分类能力和学习速度均优于BP网络的径向基函数（RBF）神经网络模型，针对RBF网络的结构对于信号预测或模型辨识的精度具有影响很大的问题，提出了结构自适应RBF网络预测模型。利用遗传算法，对神经网络输入节点数、径向基函数分布系数及网络训练误差进行了优化，得到了最优的RBF网络预测模型。最后，对某航空发动机实际的光谱分析数据进行了预测和分析，并与ARMA模型进行了比较，结果充分表明了文中方法的有效性和优越性。     

风力发电机组发电机前轴承故障预警及辨识

为实现风电机组发电机前轴承故障预警及辨识,将监控和数据采集系统(SCADA)时间序列数据和状态监测系统振动数据相结合,提出了一种时频域建模方法。首先,利用SCADA数据建立基于门控循环单元神经网络的发电机前轴承温度模型,并计算其温度残差特征;其次,提取发电机前轴承振动信号时域特征和频域特征;最后,将温度残差特征和振动信号时频域特征相融合,建立基于极限梯度提升的前轴承故障辨识模型,从而辨识发电机前轴承正常、内圈损伤、外圈损伤、轴不平衡、滚动体损伤5类情况。实验研究表明,该方法比单独利用振动信号特征开展前轴承故障预警辨识的准确率高,其正常、内圈损伤、外圈损伤的平均辨识准确率从87%、58.5%、65%,分别提升到88.5%、67.5%和74%。     

基于多维度排列熵与支持向量机的轴承早期故障诊断方法

针对许多现有方法无法有效诊断滚动轴承早期故障的问题,引入排列熵的方法对轴承振动信号进行早期故障分析。通过研究嵌入维数和延迟时间对信号排列熵的影响,提出多维度排列熵的特征提取方法。利用多维度排列熵方法所提取的特征,建立了基于支持向量机的轴承早期故障智能诊断模型。对轴承不同类型、不同程度的故障数据进行分析,证明了多维度排列熵方法可以有效提取轴承不同状态的特征信息,与支持向量机结合的智能诊断模型可以精确地诊断轴承不同类型的早期故障,具有很强的通用性;该模型在贫样本的情况下,依然具有很高的诊断精度,适用于滚动轴承早期故障状态的在线监测。     

k阶循环矩解调用于滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承早期故障诊断中故障特征信号提取问题,提出了一种基于k阶循环矩的故障特征信号解调方法.在循环矩理论基础上,首先分析了时变调幅信号的k阶循环矩解调原理和方法;讨论了k阶循环矩的频率特性;得出了k阶循环矩不仅能解调出调制频率,还能解调出载波频率的规律;给出了k阶循环矩的计算方法,并利用仿真信号验证了该方法的有效性;最后通过滚动轴承振动信号进行了分析.结果表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承早期故障特征,识别故障类型,具有较高的可信度.     

基于正交邻域保持嵌入与多核相关向量机的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征微弱难以快速有效辨识的问题,提出一种基于正交邻域保持嵌入(ONPE)与多核相关向量机(RVM)的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。首先基于多域量化特征构造表征滚动轴承早期故障的多域特征向量,基于ONPE线性流形学习对多域特征向量进行约简降维处理,获取最能反映滚动轴承早期故障运行状态变化的低维敏感特征,随后将获取的低维敏感特征输入给多核RVM进行早期故障模式的分类辨识。通过分析滚动轴承早期故障的模拟实验数据表明,该方法对高维复杂的非线性早期故障特征具有良好的约简降维性能,而且比单一核函数RVM具有更好的诊断精度。     

Transient modeling and parameter identification based on wavelet and correlation filtering for rotating machine fault diagnosis

At constant rotating speed, localized faults in rotating machine tend to result in periodic shocks and thus arouse periodic transients in the vibration signal. The transient feature analysis has always been a crucial problem for localized fault detection, and the key aim for transient feature analysis is to identify the model and its parameters (frequency, damping ratio and time index) of the transient, and the time interval, i.e. period, between transients. Based on wavelet and correlation filtering, a technique incorporating transient modeling and parameter identification is proposed for rotating machine fault feature detection. With the proposed method, both parameters of a single transient and the period between transients can be identified from the vibration signal, and localized faults can be detected based on the parameters, especially the period. First, a simulation signal is used to test the performance of the proposed method. Then the method is applied to the vibration signals of different types of bearings with localized faults in the outer race, the inner race and the rolling element, respectively, and all the results show that the period between transients, representing the localized fault characteristic, is successfully detected. The method is also utilized in gearbox fault diagnosis and the effectiveness is verified through identifying the parameters of the transient model and the period. Moreover, it can be drawn that for bearing fault detection, the single-side wavelet model is more suitable than double-side one, while the double-side model for gearbox fault detection. This research proposed an effective method of localized fault detection for rotating machine fault diagnosis through transient modeling and parameter detection.     

AR模型和SVM在机床滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

将自回归模型(AR)和支持向量机(SVM)应用到机床滚动轴承的故障诊断中,根据滚动轴承的振动信号建立自回归模型,以自回归参数和残差的方差作为特征向量,然后建立基于支持向量机的多故障分类器,进而判断滚动轴承的故障类型.通过实例分析和与神经网络方法对比,表明该方法能有效地判别机床滚动轴承的故障类型.     

Rolling element bearing fault detection based on optimal antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet

The presence of periodical impulses in vibration signals usually indicates the occurrence of rolling element bearing faults. Unfortunately, detecting the impulses of incipient faults is a difficult job because they are rather weak and often interfered by heavy noise and higher-level macro-structural vibrations. Therefore, a proper signal processing method is necessary. We proposed a differential evolution (DE) optimization and antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet (ARLW) filter-based method to extract the impulsive features buried in noisy vibration signals. The wavelet used in paper is developed from the fault characteristic signal model based on the idea of sparse representation in time-frequency domain. We first filter the original vibration signal using DE-optimized ARLW filter to eliminate the interferential vibrations and suppress random noise, then, demodulate the filtered signal and calculate its envelope spectrum. The analysis results of the simulation signals and real fault bearing vibration signals showed that the proposed method can effectively extract weak fault features.     

Diagnosing planetary gear faults using the fuzzy entropy of LMD and ANFIS

The small size, low weight, and large transmission ratio of planetary gear have resulted in large-scale use, low speed, and heavy-duty mechanical systems. Poor working conditions of planetary gear lead to frequent occurrence of faults. A method is proposed for diagnosing faults in planetary gear based on fuzzy entropy of Local mean decomposition (LMD) and Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The original vibration signal is decomposed into six Product function (PF) components and a residual using LMD. Given that decomposed PF components contain the main fault feature information, fuzzy entropy is used to reflect the complexity and irregularity of each PF component. The fuzzy entropies of each PF component are defined as the input of the ANFIS model, and its parameters and membership functions are adaptively adjusted based on training samples. Finally, fuzzy inference rules are determined, and the optimal ANFIS model is obtained. Testing samples are used to verity the trained ANFIS model. The overall fault recognition rate reaches 88.8%, and the fault recognition rate for gear with wear reaches 96%. Therefore, the proposed method is effective at diagnosing planetary gear faults.     

基于倒谱预白化和随机共振的轴承故障增强检测

轴承损伤引起的冲击受到离散频率分量和噪声干扰,使轴承故障检测面临困难。结合基于倒谱编辑(Cepstrum editing procedure, CEP)的信号预白化和随机共振(Stochastic resonance, SR)微弱信号检测技术,提出一种轴承故障增强检测的新方法。信号预白化能够提升轴承振动信号的冲击特性,产生包含白噪声和轴承局部故障信号的白化信号。在未知最优共振频带的情况下,对白化后的轴承振动信号进行包络分析,增强故障特征分量的同时引入了较多噪声。通过随机共振的归一化尺度变换,将轴承包络信号作为检测模型的输入,增强轴承故障特征频率分量。提出将轴承故障特征频率处的局部谱峭度和局部信噪比作为对照指标。实测正常和外环植入故障轴承的诊断结果表明,提出的方法优于基于谱峭度优化的包络分析和单纯的信号预白化方法。     

基于多尺度核独立成分分析的柴油机故障诊断

为提高利用缸盖振动信号进行柴油机故障诊断的精度和速度,提出了一种基于多尺度核独立成分分析提取故障敏感频带的柴油机故障诊断方法。首先,提出奇异值能量标准谱对缸盖振动信号中的微弱冲击特征进行增强;然后,对信号进行固有时间尺度分解,并基于相关性准则选择有效频带分量;最后,利用核独立成分分析消除有效频带之间的频带混叠,得到故障敏感信息集中的独立频带,并计算其自回归模型(auto regression model,简称AR)参数、模糊熵和标准化能量矩作为特征向量输入核极限学习机(kernel extreme learning machine,简称KELM)进行柴油机故障诊断。试验分析结果表明,该方法可以快速准确地提取缸盖振动信号中的柴油机故障敏感频带,增强故障敏感特征,故障诊断准确率达到99.65%。     

Auditory-model-based Feature Extraction Method for Mechanical Faults Diagnosis

It is well known that the human auditory system possesses remarkable capabilities to analyze and identify signals. Therefore, it would be significant to build an auditory model based on the mechanism of human auditory systems, which may improve the effects of mechanical signal analysis and enrich the methods of mechanical faults features extraction. However the existing methods are all based on explicit senses of mathematics or physics, and have some shortages on distinguishing different faults, stability, and suppressing the disturbance noise, etc. For the purpose of improving the performances of the work of feature extraction, an auditory model, early auditory(EA) model, is introduced for the first time. This auditory model transforms time domain signal into auditory spectrum via bandpass filtering, nonlinear compressing, and lateral inhibiting by simulating the principle of the human auditory system. The EA model is developed with the Gammatone filterbank as the basilar membrane. According to the characteristics of vibration signals, a method is proposed for determining the parameter of inner hair cells model of EA model. The performance of EA model is evaluated through experiments on four rotor faults, including misalignment, rotor-to-stator rubbing, oil film whirl, and pedestal looseness. The results show that the auditory spectrum, output of EA model, can effectively distinguish different faults with satisfactory stability and has the ability to suppress the disturbance noise. Then, it is feasible to apply auditory model, as a new method, to the feature extraction for mechanical faults diagnosis with effect.     

基于Wigner分布的齿轮箱振动信号相位估计

时域同步平均是齿轮箱诊断技术的基础,目前这种方法依赖于转速传感器提供相位同步信号。探讨了在没有转速传感器的前提下,由振动信号本身得到相位过零信号的方法。建立了齿轮箱振动信号的一种简化理论模型,通过理论分析得到了一种基于Wigner分布的相位估计方法。将这种方法应用于实际的齿轮箱振动数据,证明这种方法是有效的。     

基于VMD和LSTM模型的航空液压管路卡箍故障诊断

航空发动机液压管路-卡箍系统中卡箍振动信号具有非线性和非平稳性的特点,难以从卡箍故障信号中准确识别出其故障类型。针对该问题,提出了一种基于变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)-长短时记忆(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)神经网络模型的智能故障诊断方法。首先,利用遗传算法对VMD的模态分量k值和惩罚因子α进行参数优化;然后,将优化后的VMD对卡箍故障振动信号进行分解处理;最后,将分解后的模态分量输入LSTM网络中进行特征学习,从而实现卡箍故障的识别。实验表明:该方法实现了对卡箍螺栓松动状态、根部断裂状态、衬垫磨损等3种典型故障的精准识别,故障总体识别准确率能够达到98.5%以上,有效地提高了航空液压管路卡箍故障识别的准确率。     

二阶循环平稳分析在转子早期碰摩故障识别中的应用

转子碰摩是典型的非线性动力学行为 ,其振动过程可以看作是周期过程与随机过程的合成 ,表现出循环平稳性 ,这使得传统方法 (比如功率谱 )很难提取出碰摩的早期特征。文中提出了一种新的基于循环平稳分析的早期特征提取方法 ,针对三种不同程度的碰摩故障进行了模拟实验并对其振动信号进行了二阶循环平稳分析 ,结果表明不同程度的碰摩产生不同的二阶循环频率成分 ,能有效地识别转子的早期碰摩故障。