TATB基高聚物粘结炸药残余应力的测试和消除研究

以TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)为对象,采用盲孔法测定了PBX炸药的初始残余应力及其分布,研究了孔深和钻孔后应变读数时间对结果的影响,以及样品热处理后对残余应力松弛的影响.结果表明: 孔深3 mm和钻孔后10 min的应变读数时间是适宜的实验参数.热处理能够明显降低和均化PBX炸药内部的残余应力,75 ℃热处理3 天能消除50%的残余应力并趋于稳定.     

非线性超声技术检测TATB基PBX微损伤

针对高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)初始损伤及疲劳损伤问题,利用自行建立的非线性超声测试装置,对模压成型的两种密度三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)基PBX圆柱形试样及其在压缩疲劳过程中的非线性超声参量进行了测试,用断貌分析和计算机断层扫描(CT)验证了非线性超声检测结果。结果表明,与内部初始损伤程度较低的TATB基PBX试样相比,内部存在明显界面损伤的TATB基PBX试样的非线性超声系数明显偏高,非线性超声系数与TATB基PBX初始损伤程度之间有一定的相关性;在TATB基PBX试样疲劳加载至即将产生微裂纹时,非线性超声系数急剧增加并在产生宏观裂纹时达到极值,显示非线性超声参量可监测TATB基PBX疲劳损伤发展过程;TATB基PBX初始损伤程度不同其疲劳损伤速度和发展过程也不尽相同。     

壳体约束下浇注PBX的温度适应性

为研究壳体约束条件下浇注高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)的温度适应性能,制备了组分为奥克托今(HMX)/端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)/2,4-甲基二异氰酸酯(TDI)的炸药,分别装填Ф20 mm×20 mm、Ф15 mm×65 mm、Ф100 mm×200 mm、Ф150 mm×300 mm和Ф200 mm×400 mm五种尺寸的试样,其中后者三种较大尺寸的试样还分为无缺陷和有预制缺陷两种形式。利用-55~70℃温度冲击和温度循环试验,研究了浇注PBX的内部损伤、壳体外部温度和应变以及炸药尺寸、密度和力学性能变化。结果表明,温度冲击和温度循环试验后,浇注PBX没有明显的热损伤,原有缺陷也没有明显扩展;随着试验件尺寸的增大,通过升降温达到温度平衡所需的时间延长,高低温应变变化呈现减小的趋势。试验后炸药密度增大0.001 g·cm~(-3),拉伸强度和压缩强度分别提高了0.12 MPa和0.55 MPa。     

SHPB实验加载方式对PBX炸药力学响应的影响研究

高聚物粘结剂炸药(PBX)炸药的损伤本构关系是炸药安全性研究的重要基础课题之一。研究PBX炸药的损伤本构关系需要建立在准确获取和认识PBX炸药的动态力学响应基础之上。为此,针对某PBX炸药的SHPB实验,详细探讨加载方式的细节设计对PBX炸药力学响应的影响。通过采用不同应变加速度、不同加载脉宽以及重复加载等方法,分析了不同加载条件对PBX炸药力学响应的影响,并获得了一系列不同加载脉宽、不同加载应变率的应力应变曲线。采用扫描电镜观察回收试样最终损伤形态,分析了PBX炸药动态单轴压缩下的损伤发展过程及其在应力应变关系上的表现。结果表明:应变加速度过大仍会对PBX炸药形成一定的冲击加载,造成额外损伤;经历动态单轴压缩后破坏的试样表现为晶体多次穿晶断裂甚至碎裂;典型PBX炸药的损伤本构关系可从微裂纹的产生、稳定扩展,穿越晶界失稳扩展来描述。     

HMX基PBX试件与聚氨酯粘接胶之间的相容性

用微热量热仪得到了100℃下老化20d内HMX基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)与聚氨酯粘接胶及二者接触体系的放热量和放热速率随时间的变化曲线。用TG-DSC和FTIR分析了老化前后的样品。结果表明:HMX基PBX与聚氨酯粘接胶是相容的;受热后,HMX基PBX试样的表面结构没有变化,而聚氨酯粘接胶部分结构发生了降解。     

聚能射流对带壳浇注PBX装药的撞击响应

为研究聚能射流对带壳浇注高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)的引爆特性,利用弹径Ф82 mm的聚能装药形成了一种直径细、速度大于7000 m·s-1的高速射流,以及一直径较粗、速度约5000 m·s-1长杆状射流,分别对覆盖有210,255 mm和165,210 mm两组不同厚度钢板的PBX进行了撞击试验。采用高速摄影观测分析了射流撞击下带壳PBX点火引爆的反应过程。用LS-DYNA软件验证了试验结果,得到了不同射流对PBX的引爆能量值。结果表明:弹径Ф82 mm的聚能装药形成的射流能够可靠引爆覆盖小于255 mm厚钢板的浇注PBX,能满足反导弹战斗部毁伤厚壳体目标的需求。     

PBX内部缺陷激光超声无损检测数值模拟

为提高高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)材料超声检测效率,保证最终产品的可靠性与安全性,研究了一种基于激光超声技术的PBX内部缺陷非接触无损检测方法。基于热弹机制,建立了PBX材料激光超声的有限元数值计算方法和模型。得到了脉冲激光照射下PBX材料内部瞬态温度场和声场分布。模拟了激光超声与PBX内部气孔和裂纹缺陷之间的相互作用。数值结果表明,采用5激光束同时激励,可在保证PBX安全温度范围内大幅度提高激光超声对内部缺陷的检测能力,可实现长度大于0.5 mm裂纹,直径大于0.2 mm孔洞的检测。初步验证了激光超声对于PBX材料内部缺陷检测的可行性。     

起爆逻辑网络用挤注型传爆药研究

为了提高起爆逻辑网络传爆药的装药技术和综合性能,研究了用于传爆药的PBX类炸药配方和挤注装药工艺,通过试验获得的PBX配方为(质量百分数):主炸药HMX 83%,粘接剂HTPB 6.0%,增塑剂DOS 6.0%;PBX传爆试验结果表明:在模具沟槽尺寸深度均为1.0mm、宽度为0.8～1.0mm的情况下,爆轰波传播比较可靠;并测得传爆药装药密度和爆速均值分别为(1.18±0.08)g/cm~3、(7721±200)m/s。     

一种HMX基PBX炸药在热与落锤撞击复合作用下的响应特性

为了研究炸药在热与撞击复合作用下的安全性,采用自行设计的试验装置,对Φ20mm×8mm的HMX基PBX进行了20~170℃范围内不同温度下50kg落锤撞击试验。试验中利用压力传感器测试撞击过程中炸药受力变化。利用高速摄影系统拍摄炸药撞击点火过程。获得了PBX炸药在不同温度下的撞击响应特性。结果表明,成型PBX炸药的撞击安全性与温度密切相关,其中82℃时撞击安全性提高,170℃时撞击安全性明显变差。在20~170℃范围内,随温度升高,PBX炸药的撞击感度先降低而后逐渐提高,这与PBX炸药在高温下的力学性能发生变化、热膨胀、热分解导致的损伤以及HMX发生晶型转变等因素有关。     

温度对RDX基PBX压制成型内部质量的影响

针对黑索今(RDX)基高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)压装成型易出现裂纹损伤的问题,利用X射线、超声和密度检测等手段研究了压制温度、降温速率和升温速率对Φ60mm×60mm RDX基PBX药柱裂纹影响。结果表明:在药柱压制过程中增加保温,控制药柱冷却温度不低于45℃,降温速率和升温速率不超过5℃·h-1,可以有效地减少或消除药柱内部裂纹;提高压制温度,有利于提高药柱加工性能,改善炸药质量。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.