静电纺丝技术包埋姜黄素研究进展

静电纺丝作为一种制备纳米纤维的技术越来越受到关注.近年,大量研究利用静电纺丝技术制备含姜黄素的纳米纤维和纳米颗粒.本文介绍静电纺丝的原理和影响因素,以及利用静电喷雾制备包埋姜黄素纳米颗粒的情况.总结姜黄素纳米纤维的制备方法并根据制备纳米纤维的原料(合成高分子和天然高分子)进行分类讨论.论述姜黄素包封的纳米纤维在缓释体系...     

静电纺丝食品级天然高分子研究进展

静电纺丝技术是利用高压电场使高分子溶液在喷射过程中形成纳米级纤维丝的过程。由于纳米级纺丝能够赋予材料不同于普通纤维的性质,因此静电纺丝技术越来越受到食品行业的关注。本文简要介绍静电纺丝技术原理,概述天然高分子静电纺丝的研究进展。食品级天然高分子通常分为蛋白和多糖两大类;主要介绍蛋白类天然高分子中的胶原蛋白、明胶、玉米醇溶蛋白、乳清蛋白以及多糖类的壳聚糖、纤维素、海藻酸钠、葡聚糖的电纺研究进展。     

静电纺丝法制备桑蚕丝、蓖麻丝纳米无纺纤维及复合杂交丝纤维

静电纺丝是将高聚物溶剂制得纳米级纤维的好方法。本文采用静电纺丝法从六氟丙酮(HFA)溶液中成功地制备了桑蚕丝、蓖麻丝无纺纳米纤维和含桑蚕结晶部分与蓖麻非结晶部分的复合杂交纤维。采用CP／MAS核磁共振法检测丝纤维成形过程中结构的变化及HAF残余情况。用电子扫描显微镜测试了纤维的直径及其分布。     

静电纺制备PVDF纳米纤维膜的应用

聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)是一种新型高分子材料,通过静电纺丝法制备的PVDF纳米纤维膜具有压电系数高、生物相容性好、质轻柔软等优点,近年来在各领域得到广泛应用。为了充分认识PVDF纤维膜,简要对比了溶液流延法、静电纺丝法制作PVDF纤维膜的优缺点,详细介绍了溶液静电纺丝法制备聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜的工艺过程。重点分析了当前PVDF纳米纤维膜在压电传感器、生物医学、过滤材料、电池隔膜等领域的应用现状。探索了在生产和应用领域上存在的问题,并提出了PVDF纳米纤维膜的发展前景。     

聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯共混膜防水透气织物的制备及其性能

本文用静电纺丝法制备聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯共混纳米纤维膜,研究了溶质质量比对纳米纤维形貌、直径及膜性能的影响,探索共混纤维膜较优制备工艺。采用静电喷射方式将聚氨酯湿气固化胶喷于涤纶基布表面,再以较优静电纺丝工艺将共混纳米纤维喷于含胶水的涤纶基布上,研究了共混纳米纤维膜/涤纶基布复合织物的防水透气等性能。结果表明：共混纳米纤维膜较优制备工艺为：静电纺丝电压为14 kV、接收距离为10 cm、纺丝液浓度为12 wt%、溶剂配比N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/丙酮=4/6、溶质质量比聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯=7/3;聚氨酯湿气固化胶在涤纶布表面呈微米级点状或块状分布,当其质量百分数为40 wt%时,纳米纤维膜与基布粘结牢度、透气性较好,复合织物随膜厚度增加,其抗湿性相差不大,耐静水压值、透气性、断裂伸长率有所降低,但拉伸断裂强力有很大提高。     

载药聚乳酸支架制备及其用于抑制肌腱粘连的可行性研究

通过静电纺丝技术得到的微纳米纤维可以模拟天然细胞外基质(ECM),因而常用作生物医学支架.本文利用实验室自组装的动态水浴涡流加捻装置,通过静电纺丝技术,一步制备了负载油性药物布洛芬,且同时具备纳米和微米孔隙结构的聚乳酸(PLLA)支架.纺丝过程中在纤维上一步形成纳米多孔,有助于药物负载和缓释.对支架的形态以及抑制肌腱粘...     

一种基于非局部理论的静电纺丝纤维拉伸变形力学模型研究

静电纺丝法制备出的高分子纤维直径一般处于纳米级或者微纳米级,微尺度纤维材料的力学性能表现出与其特征长度的相关性。为了研究分析静电纺丝纳米纤维的尺度效应,根据非局部理论计算出静电纺丝纤维在轴向载荷作用下的应变能,进而分析纤维的位移、应变及总伸长量受非局部效应的影响规律,推导出静电纺丝纤维表关弹性模量的力学模型。结果显示,静电纺丝纤维长度越短,非局部效应的影响越明显,当纤维长度逐渐增长,非局部效应的影响逐渐减弱。该模型为高分子纳米纤维材料的力学特征研究提供理论分析工具,有望用于分析静电纺丝纤维材料变形过程中的力学行为特征。     

产业·市场

我国纳米纤维科技及产业正在突围 来自清华大学化工系的消息,由该系胡平教授率领的研发团队在静电纺丝生产纳米纤维领域取得重大突破,可望产生重大社会和经济效益。传统工艺制造的织物或无纺布的纤维直径通常是几十至几百个微米（1毫米=1000微米）．当纤维直径缩小到普通纤维的1／1000时就被称为纳米级纤维（1毫米=100万纳米）。     

TiO2/PAN碳化纳米纤维膜的制备及其对腐殖酸的降解效果

以丙烯腈为原料自制聚丙烯腈(PAN)粉末,静电纺丝法制备PAN纳米纤维,采用溶胶-凝胶法负载TiO2,制备TiO2/PAN碳化纳米纤维膜.通过SEM、DG-DTG及元素分析等方法对纳米纤维进行表征.研究结果表明,用PAN质量分数为3%的纺丝液进行静电纺丝,在预氧化温度280℃及碳化温度550℃条件下可制得直径100～1...     

纳米纤维的应用前景

论述了纳米纤维制备新方法和典型纳米纤维的应用前景。指出静电纺丝技术可制得聚合物纳米纺织纤维长丝、实心纳米碳纤维、生物降解性聚合物纳米纤维和聚苯胺及其与常规聚合物共混的纳米导电纤维,其直径取决于纺丝工艺参数;静电纺丝是得到纳米纤维最重要的方法,也是最有可能实现纳米纤维工业化生产的技术。     

纳米纤维的研究现状及其应用

介绍了纳米材料的概念和主要特点，重点讨论了纳米纤维的主要加工方法及其在各个领域的应用，包括静电纺丝法、海岛型双组分复合纺丝法、聚合过程中直接制造直径纳米级纤维、原纤化法、分子喷丝板纺丝法等加工方法以及纳米纤维在服装、医药、能源及航空航天等领域的应用。     

纺丝电压对静电纺PVDF纤维膜压电效应的影响

纺丝电压是影响静电纺聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纤维膜β相生成和压电效应的重要因素之一。目前不同文献中对电压影响的研究结果存在不同观点。采用静电纺丝方法,在不同电压(14.0~24.0 k V)条件下制备了PVDF纤维膜,测试了不同电压下PVDF纤维膜的压电响应,利用FTIR和XRD方法表征了不同电压下PVDF纤维膜的β相含量。结果表明,在给定的纺丝电压范围内,PVDF纤维膜的压电响应输出和β相含量均存在最大值。通过对比分析其他研究结果,对影响试验结果的因素展开了讨论。     

Centrifugal force spinning of PA6 nanofibers – processability and morphology of solution-spun fibers

Forcespinning? is a newly developed process that employs centrifugal force to spin nanofibers from polymer solutions or melts. Nanofibers and nanofibrous structures have remarkable properties due to their small diameter and high surface area to volume ratio. The ability to control the average value and dispersion of fiber diameter is critical for applications such as filtration and tissue engineering scaffolds, where the performance of the nanofiber membranes depends on fiber diameter. This research investigates the interactions among polymer fluid viscosity and Forcespinning parameters, and their impact on fiber morphology and diameter using PA6 as a spinning material. The results indicate a positive relationship between spinning solution viscosity and fiber diameter. Increasing the solution viscosity both shifts the diameter distribution and increases its spread toward higher values, which results in the alteration of its shape. In addition to fiber diameter, viscosity appeared to also play a major role in determining the spinnability of the solution. Other spinning parameters, i.e. spinneret speed and spinning nozzle gage, played a minor role relative to the polymer solution viscosity, in determining both processability and fiber diameter distribution.     

Fiber-on-fiber friction measurement using hanging fiber method

Estimation and evaluation of frictional behavior of delicate materials such as textile fibers is contingent upon existence of accurate experimental methods. In this work, the effect of fiber fineness on frictional behavior of polypropylene fibers was investigated using a developed high-precision experimental setup based on hanging fiber method. Fiber fineness was varied by varying the spinning pump speed during production of melt-spun fibers on an industrial scale melt spinning machine. Data acquisition was achieved using Delphi programming software. A geometrical model capable of evaluating the frictional force between two in-contact identical fibers was proposed. Fiber-on-fiber frictional force was expressed by a third degree polynomial function of fiber diameter. The least value of frictional force was found to belong to fiber diameter of 49.1 μm which corresponds to linear density of 15.5 den. It was concluded that frictional behavior of fibers is influenced by factors such as contact point geometry, rate of fiber strain and profile of generated heat.     

石墨烯掺杂对木质素基碳纳米纤维电化学性能影响的研究

以木质素为硫源和碳源,聚丙烯腈为氮源和助纺剂,经静电纺丝、碳化和活化等步骤成功制备出了N、S共掺杂的碳纳米纤维。同时在纺丝液中掺杂石墨烯(GNs),利用GNs对N、S的吸附固定作用,提高碳纤维中杂原子含量,以该碳纳米纤维材料为活性物质,制备得到超级电容器。结果表明,制备的超级电容器在以6 mol/L KOH为电解液的双电极系统中具有良好的电化学性能,GNs掺杂前后超级电容器比电容从114.6 F/g增大到253.4 F/g,等效串联电阻从24.1Ω减少到6.8Ω,能量密度从3.96 Wh/kg提高到8.99 Wh/kg。     

A study of an anti‐counterfeiting fiber with spectral fingerprint characteristics

An anti‐counterfeiting fiber with spectral fingerprint characteristics (named spectrum‐fingerprint fiber) is a novel functional fiber made of rare‐earth luminescent material and fiber‐forming polymer, as main raw materials, combined with transparent inorganic pigments and functional additives by a melt‐spinning process. In order to explain more about the security principle of the fiber, several kinds of spectrum‐fingerprint fibers were prepared by using rare‐earth strontium aluminate as the rare‐earth luminescent material and fiber‐forming polymers such as PET, PP and PA6 as a matrix and combining them with transparent inorganic pigments and functional additives to study their emission spectra characteristics. The results showed that the spectrum‐fingerprint fibers, made by different spinning raw material formulas or technological parameters including the kind and content of rare‐earth luminescent material, polymer, transparent inorganic pigment, and draw ratio, had different emission spectra when excited with a specific exciting light, and any change of these manufacturing elements could cause a fluctuation in the intensity or wavelength of the fiber. Therefore, the emission spectral line of the spectrum‐fingerprint fiber, based on the confidential raw material formulas of spinning and rare‐earth luminescent material and spinning technological parameters exclusively designed by a manufacturer, is specific, just like the fingerprint of a human being – hard to decipher and counterfeit – and this can be used to distinguish the original from the fake.     

浅述多元化纤维纺纱

介绍了多元化纤维纺纱的工艺流程及天然纤维、再生纤维、合成纤维等纺纱原料在多元化纤维纺纱中的应用.围绕纺纱原料,以纺纱设备、纺纱工艺2个方面为重点做了详细阐述;在纺纱设备的阐述中,又以和毛设备、梳理设备的改造与应用为重点做了详细论述.在和毛工艺的阐述中,对纤维的开松、混合、给助剂及相关助剂的选择做了详细的论述;在纺纱工艺的阐述中,重点以梳理工艺、并条工艺做了详细论述,并阐述了制订工艺参数的依据.在生产管理模式及产品开发方面,简要介绍了在实际工作中的体会.     

丝素与明胶共混静电纺丝

 丝素和明胶以不同质量比共混于甲酸溶剂,将此纺丝液进行静电纺丝,并用扫描电镜观察其形态结构,分析探讨了工艺参数对其形貌和直径的影响,并与相同工艺条件下的纯丝素纳米纤维进行比较。结果表明:在丝素与明胶质量比为70∶30,纺丝液质量分数为11%,极距为13 cm,电压为22 kV的工艺条件下,静电纺纤维平均直径为83.9 nm,纤维直径分布均匀。用明胶共混不仅有利于克服低质量分数丝素纺丝液静电纺丝中出现的珠状物和断头多等问题,而且有望应用于生物组织工程中。     

Review of distribution of fiber tension at the spinning triangle

In the ring spinning process, the spinning triangle plays an important role in the quality and efficiency of yarn spinning. The distribution of fiber tension at the spinning triangle is important. In this study, models such as energy methods, energy methods using false twist, and finite element method are applied. The model parameters on the distribution of fiber tension in the symmetric and asymmetric spinning triangle with a uniform distribution of single fiber, uniform distribution of fiber types, and distribution buckling fibers in the spinning triangle are analyzed. The results show that there is an increase in the distribution of fiber tension in symmetric spinning triangle. Fibers, depending on their position in the spinning triangle, have different tensions. In single fibers in the twist point, the tension of the fiber bundle is maximum, the fiber tension is less, and the compression force of the fiber bundle is greater. The spinning triangle shape is effective on the distribution of fiber tension.     

浅谈超细纤维非织造布的生产工艺及产品

概括了超细纤维的性能,介绍了静电纺超细纤维原理及其特征,讨论了影响超细纤维非织造工艺的参数及其产品应用情况.