基于IQS/MC方法的ADS次临界反应堆中子时空动力学模拟分析

采用改进准静态近似与蒙特卡罗中子输运程序相结合(IQS/MC)的方法实现了加速器驱动的次临界系统(ADS)中子时空动力学模拟计算。以加速器驱动嬗变研究装置的靶堆耦合参考方案物理模型为例,通过对束流瞬变引入和燃料组件提升两种工况进行动态模拟,计算得到了堆芯总的相对功率、分能群相对中子注量率及相对功率三维网格分布随时间的变化。将IQS/MC方法计算结果与点堆计算结果进行了对比分析,模拟结果符合物理规律,两种方法对比结果与国外相关文献一致,表明IQS/MC方法适用于ADS次临界反应堆中子时空动力学过程的瞬态安全分析。     

MCNP程序在ADS屏蔽计算中的应用

利用基于蒙特卡罗方法的MCNP程序计算了加速器驱动的次临界系统(ADS)中质子束管内的中子注量率分布以及通过质子束管顶端面和其它外表面逸出的中子注量率，得出了一些对ADS设计有意义的结论。     

基于单通道模型的ADS堆芯物理热工耦合计算

利用单通道模型,开发了铅铋冷却加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)堆芯组件温度和密度分布的热工计算程序,并将该程序与MCNP耦合,建立了物理热工耦合计算方法。利用该方法计算了耦合后的功率及热工参数。结果表明,堆芯组件温度及冷却剂流速满足热工安全限值,堆芯径向功率不均匀系数较大,堆芯设计需进一步优化。     

ADS稳态中子注量率高阶谐波重构的理论研究

加速器驱动次临界反应堆(ADS)的中子注量率由基波与高阶谐波中子注量率叠加形成。基于谐波与共轭谐波中子的双正交特性,建立了ADS稳态中子注量率谐波展开理论,并针对三维4群ADS扩散问题开展数值研究。结果表明:λ谐波和瞬发α谐波可有效地重构ADS稳态中子注量率,重构精度随谐波展开阶数增加而提高;相比瞬发α谐波,λ谐波具有更高的稳态中子注量率重构精度。由于分析对象外中子源和堆芯布置的对称性,仅有特定对称性的谐波对稳态中子注量率有贡献。     

高温气冷堆中子时空动力学实时仿真计算

本文研究开发了三维圆柱几何堆芯多群中子时空动力学改进准静态方法模拟计算程序。对给定的模块式高温气冷堆模型进行了模拟计算。在初始状态下,该程序的计算结果与中子扩散程序CITATION的计算结果吻合很好。在动态情况下,模拟了堆芯反应性、堆内各能群中子平均注量率和堆芯相对功率等物理量随时间的变化。计算结果与理论分析一致,在一定精度下,可达到实时仿真计算的要求。     

基于中子首次裂变的MC/S_N耦合输运算法

外源驱动次临界系统是一类广泛存在且重要的核能系统。固有的射线效应和存在空间局部源,使得离散纵标(SN)法难以精确计算该类系统内的中子注量率。虽然蒙特卡罗(MC)方法可有效地模拟局部源问题,但存在计算效率较低的不足。因此,单一的SN方法或MC方法难以兼顾计算精度和效率。为充分发挥两种方法的优点,提出了以中子首次裂变为耦合点的MC/SN耦合算法。首先,采用MC方法模拟源中子在发生裂变反应之前的输运过程,并统计出首次裂变中子源;其次,采用SN方法求解对应于首次裂变中子源的输运方程;最后叠加两种方法计算的中子注量率,得到最终结果。算例表明,该耦合算法可有效地模拟外源驱动次临界系统的中子输运过程。     

加速器驱动的次临界系统快堆次锕系核素非均匀布置堆芯的中子学研究

运用MCNP与ORIGEN2耦合计算程序COUPLE，对加速器驱动的次临界系统（ADS）钠冷金属燃料快堆堆芯进行稳态与燃耗计算，比较分析次锕系核素（MA）非均匀布置堆芯与均匀布置堆芯在MA嬗变效果与反应性参数方面的差异。计算结果表明，对比均匀布置，非均匀布置具有更高的MA嬗变率与嬗变支持比，在反应性参数方面导致多普勒效应与有效缓发中子分额降低，钠空泡效应增大，在堆芯功率分布与加速器束流功率方面没有明显变化。     

模块式高温气冷堆三维中子动力学计算分析

模块式高温气冷堆是国际上公认的安全性好、发电效率高、用途广的先进堆型。本文研究开发了三维圆柱几何堆芯多群中子动力学改进准静态方法模拟计算程序。对给定的模块式高温气冷堆堆芯物理模型进行了模拟计算。初始状态下,该程序计算结果与中子扩散程序CITATION吻合很好。动态情况下,模拟了堆芯反应性、堆芯相对功率以及堆内r,z网格上各群点中子注量率三维分布随时间的变化,计算结果与理论分析一致。     

基于活化法及MCNP程序的临界装置功率刻度

介绍了临界装置功率刻度的方法,在不同功率台阶下利用活化法测量临界装置的中子注量率分布及归一点的绝对中子注量率,并利用经修改编译的MCNP程序对临界装置的中子注量率分布进行校核计算。基于中子注量率测量及计算结果通过裂变率法计算不同功率台阶下临界装置的功率,同时外推到堆芯最大热中子注量率为1×10⁸cm^-2•s^-1时的功率,实现了临界装置的功率刻度。     

基于离散纵标输运计算方法的三维燃耗程序发展研究

为了精确描述和分析具有强烈各向异性中子注量率空间分布的反应堆燃耗过程,本文实现了三维SN 输运计算与燃耗计算的耦合,发展了相应的三维输运燃耗耦合计算程序.该程序系统采用接口程序自动耦合三维SN输运计算程序和同位素燃耗计算程序的方法实现对三维中子学计算模型的精细燃耗计算,获得燃料同位素成分、燃耗反应性、中子注量率空间分布等参数随燃耗时间的变化量.采用IAEA 基准校核例题对程序系统进行了校核,计算结果初步证明了所开发的三维燃耗程序系统的正确性.     

反应堆时空动力学蒙特卡罗改进准静态方法研究

改进准静态方法可采用大时间步,减少反应堆时空动力学问题的计算耗时。本文提出了蒙特卡罗改进准静态方法,将两种方法的优势结合,用于新型反应堆的时空动力学问题。基于改进准静态方法的理论框架,研究设计了伴随通量统计、动态参数统计和形状函数计算等相应的蒙特卡罗算法。针对一维两群问题,实现了相应的算法。与确定论程序计算结果的比较表明,蒙特卡罗改进准静态方法是可行的。     

ADS次临界反应堆的点堆中子动力学方程

加速器驱动的次临界系统（ADS）中的次临界反应堆与临界反应堆相比,中子注量率的空间分布具有严重的不均匀性,同时中子平均能量较高且中子能量变化复杂,中子价值变化大,因而传统的点堆动力学方程不能较为真实地模拟ADS次临界反应堆。本文从含多群中子多组缓发中子先驱核的动力学方程出发,给出其共轭方程。然后利用稳态扩散方程及其共轭方程的共轭关系,推导得出含有归一化功率的动力学方程表达式。进而定义多个特征算子,导出了含有源中子价值的点堆中子动力学方程,并对几种简单情况进行了初步验证,为进一步分析ADS次临界反应堆的动态过程奠定了基础。     

ADS次临界反应堆的中子共轭方程

与临界反应堆相比,ADS次临界反应堆的外源中子和裂变中子的空间分布具有严重的不均匀性,对应的中子价值也不同。本工作对次临界反应堆的稳态输运方程作分群扩散近似,得到了多群方程,进一步推导出按堆芯功率归一化的中子共轭方程表达式和与功率相关的中子价值函数表达式,给出了次临界反应堆中子价值的物理意义。由稳态中子共轭方程组出发,给出了两种带外加中子源的次临界反应堆增殖因数的表达式。     

Improvement of Neutron Source Introduction Method for Absolute Measurements of Low Reactor Power

The neutron source introduction method was applied to absolute measurements of low reactor power at the Static Experiment Critical Facility STACY. To obtain the effective neutron source intensity more accurately, which is a key parameter for the source introduction method, the neutron source is newly defined as fission neutrons from the first fission reaction caused by neutrons emitted from the external neutron source. To obtain the newly defined effective neutron source intensity, the probability that a neutron from the external neutron source causes a fission reaction is calculated using the Monte Carlo code MCNP. This calculation took into consideration the three-dimensional complicated core structures. Furthermore, the fission reaction distribution, fundamental mode forward and adjoint flux distribution in a critical state were calculated using the three-dimensional transport code THREEDANT. Following the principle of the neutron source introduction method, an external neutron source was inserted near the STACY core tank and the reactor power was measured. The reactor powers by the neutron source introduction method were in good agreement with the ones from the analyses of the FP activity generated by high power operation.     

Preparation and verification of mixed high-energy neutron crosssection library for ADS

An accelerator-driven subcritical system(ADS)is driven by an external spallation neutron source, which is generated from a heavy metal spallation target to maintain stable operation of the subcritical core, where the energy of the spallation neutrons can reach several hundred megaelectron volts. However, the upper neutron energy limit of nuclear cross-section databases, which are widely used in critical reactor physics calculations, is generally 20 MeV.This is not suitable for simulating the transport of highenergy spallation neutrons in the ADS. We combine the Japanese JENDL-4.0/HE high-energy evaluation database and the ADS-HE and ADS 2.0 libraries from the International Atomic Energy Agency and process all the data files for nuclides with energies greater than 20 MeV. We use the continuous pointwise cross-section program NJOY2016 to generate the ACE-formatted cross-section data library IMPC-ADS at multiple temperature points. Using the IMPC-ADS library, we calculate 10 critical benchmarks of the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project manual, the 14-MeV fixed-source problem of the Godiva sphere, and the neutron flux of the ADS subcritical core by MCNPX. To verify the correctness of the IMPCADS, the results were compared with those calculated using the ENDF/B-VII.0 library. The results showed thatthe IMPC-ADS is reliable in effective multiplication factor and neutron flux calculations, and it can be applied to physical analysis of the ADS subcritical reactor core.     

Neutronic design of a sub-critical, source driven reactor at the RA-8 facility

We present a LEU-ADS design based on an existing Argentine experimental facility, the RA-8 pool type zero power reactor. The versatility of this reactor allows measurement of different core configurations using different fuel enrichment, burnable poison rods, water perturbations, different control rods types in critical or subcritical configurations with an external source.To assess the feasibility of the LEU-ADS, multiplication factors, kinetic parameters, spectra, and time flux evolution were computed. Two external sources were considered: an isotopic source, and a D-D pulsed neutron source.Parameters for different core configurations were calculated, and the feasibility of using continuous and pulsed neutron sources was verified.     

跳源法在启明星1#次临界装置中的应用

简要介绍了跳源法在启明星1#次临界装置上测量次临界度的原理、外源驱动的次临界中子学实验装置、堆芯布置及中子源驱动系统。主要研究了中子源在堆芯轴向中心位置、不同装载情况下的反应性变化,并给出不同的有效倍增系数keff。实验测量结果与理论计算结果进行了比较,结果符合较好。     

Effects of neutron spectrum and external neutron source on neutron multiplication parameters in accelerator-driven system

The neutron multiplication parameters: neutron multiplication M, subcritical multiplication factor k_s, external source efficiency φ^*, play an important role for numerical assessment and reactor power evaluation of an accelerator-driven system (ADS). Those parameters can be evaluated by using the measured reaction rate distribution in the subcritical system. In this study, the experimental verification of this methodology is performed in various ADS cores; with high-energy (100 MeV) proton–tungsten source in hard and soft neutron spectra cores and 14 MeV D–T neutron source in soft spectrum core. The comparison between measured and calculated multiplication parameters reveals a maximum relative difference in the range of 6.6–13.7% that is attributed to the calculation nuclear libraries uncertainty and accuracy for energies higher than 20 MeV and also dependent on the reaction rate distribution position and count rates. The effects of different core neutron spectra and external neutron sources on the neutron multiplication parameters are discussed.     

Development and Verification of an Efficient Spatial Neutron Kinetics Method for Reactivity-Initiated Event Analyses

A space/time nodal diffusion code based on the nodal expansion method (NEM), EPISODE, was developed in order to evaluate transient neutron behavior in light water reactor cores. The present code employs the improved quasi-static (IQS) method for spatial neutron kinetics, and neutron flux distribution is numerically obtained by solving the neutron diffusion equation with the nonlinear iteration scheme to achieve fast computation. A predictor-corrector (PC) method developed in the present study enabled to apply a coarse time mesh to the transient spatial neutron calculation than that applicable in the conventional IQS model, which improved computational efficiency further. Its computational advantage was demonstrated by applying to the numerical benchmark problems that simulate reactivity-initiated events, showing reduction of computational times up to a factor of three than the conventional IQS. The thermohydraulics model was also incorporated in EPISODE, and the capability of realistic reactivity event analyses was verified using the SPERT-III/E-Core experimental data.