光电双基区晶体管的工作机理

通过分析光电双基区晶体管(PDUBAT)内部载流子的二维传输过程,获得它的物理模型,得出PDUBAT是个新型光控振荡器的结论,并依此模型给出了它的等效电路,利用SPICE程序得到的一系列计算结果与实验结果是一致的.结合这些计算结果,完整解释了PDUBAT产生耦合、负阻、振荡的物理过程.给出了起振电压(输出电流峰值电压)、振荡频率随光强变化的关系式,定性解释了相应的实验结果.     

DH-GaAlAs激光器的非对称脉冲振荡研究

本文报道了DH-GaAlAs半导体激光器的非对称激光脉冲振荡的实验观察结果.用求解激光器的速率方程得出的数值解,可较好地解释所观察到的非对称激光脉冲振荡现象.通过计算给出了半导体激光器的非对称脉冲振荡工作区,即产生非对称激光脉冲时,偏置直流、射频电流和调制频率的范围.     

光电双基区晶体管(PDUBAT)物理模型探讨

本文通过分析器件内部电流传输探讨了光电双基区晶体管(PDUBAT)负阻特性产生机理,首次提出了PDUBAT负阻形成的原因是其输出管横向输出电流的反馈作用,这一看法得到了实验验证.     

光电双基区晶体管(PDUBAT)的器件模型

本文在考虑了晶体管的小注入效应和大注入效应以及基区宽变效应等因素后,首次用近似和简化的数学表示式和相应的等效电路,描述了光电双基区晶体管(PDUBAT)负阻形成的机理并使负阻区和谷值区的理论计算和实验结果一致性很好.     

光电双向负阻晶体管的数值模拟与实验研究

光电双向负阻晶体管(PBNRT)是一种新型S型光电负阻器件.本文对它的光电负阻特性进行了数值模拟和实验研究,给出了器件等效电路.PBNRT在光电混合工作模式下具有光控电流开关效应,可通过光照和控制电压两种控制方式改变器件的S型负阻特性.模拟和实验结果均表明:光照强度增大,维持电压基本保持不变,转折电压减小,负阻电压摆幅减小;而增大控制电压,维持电压和转折电压均增大,输出负阻特性曲线右移.上述特点使得PBNRT可望在光电开关、光控振荡和光电探测等方面有很好的应用前景.     

原子和分子结构对电子阻止本领Se(E)的Z振荡的影响

本文在Firsov理论基础上,引入Slater波函数等概念,解释了原子结构对Se(E)的Z振荡的影响。它不仅能解释常规能量范围内(101000keV)的轻元素靶和重元素靶的Z振荡行为,而且能解释更高的能量范围内(10100MeV)Z振荡行为。本文引用了分子轨道法理论来处理分子靶问题,导出了分子结构对Se(E)的Z振荡影响的方程式,使能处理相当宽的能量范围内的分子靶的Se(E)的Z振荡问题。应用本文方法所得结果与Z1C和Li+Z2靶的Z1(或Z2)振荡的实验结果进行了比较,同时还与在较高能量范围的S+Na和F+Ag系统的实验结果作了比较,都得到了满意的结果,说明本文提出的方法是令人满意的。     

运放电压衰减器阶跃响应分析与改进

普通运放电压衰减器输出容易产生超调或振荡现象,基于运放二阶模型论述了该电压衰减器阶跃响应产生超调的原因,并通过对电压衰减器取不同衰减阻值,分析输出波形的不同,得出负载过重是该电路输出产生振荡的重要原因.最后从电路负载角度给出了用电压跟随器实现衰减器的改进设计方案,该设计经实验证明可很好地抑制输出振荡现象.     

三端双向负阻晶体管的模拟与实验

对双向负阻晶体管(BNRT)的三端特性进行了研究.根据器件模拟得到了器件内部电势和电场分布,解释了S型负阻特性产生机理.分别从模拟和实验得到了输出负阻曲线随控制极电压变化的情况,结果表明,随控制电压的增大,转折电压、转折电流和维持电压均增大.模拟结果和实验结果一致.BNRT的三端化实现,克服了两端应用的诸多缺点,大大增加了它在高速脉冲电路中的应用灵活性.     

三端双向负阻晶体管的模拟与实验

对双向负阻晶体管(BNRT)的三端特性进行了研究.根据器件模拟得到了器件内部电势和电场分布,解释了S型负阻特性产生机理.分别从模拟和实验得到了输出负阻曲线随控制极电压变化的情况,结果表明,随控制电压的增大,转折电压、转折电流和维持电压均增大.模拟结果和实验结果一致.BNRT的三端化实现,克服了两端应用的诸多缺点,大大增加了它在高速脉冲电路中的应用灵活性     

埋栅型电力静电感应晶闸管的Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性反向转折机理

研究了静电感应晶闸管的反向转折特性.当工作在正向阻断态的阳极电压增大到某一临界值时,静电感应晶闸管的Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线呈现出反向转折特性,甚至转向导通态.在综合考虑了工作机理、双注入效应、空间电荷效应、沟道中的电子-空穴等离子体和载流子寿命变化的基础上分析了静电感应晶闸管的反向转折特性.首次给出了反向转折机理的理论解释,并给出了估算转折电压和电流的数学表达式,在常用工艺参数范围内,计算结果和实验测量值基本一致.     

Measurement of d.c. negative resistance in avalanche diodes and its relation to anomalous-mode operation

Measurements of the current/voltage characteristics of semiconductor diodes beyond avalanche breakdown in which heating effects have been eliminated show that d.c. negative resistance is observed in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations. Measurements of anomalous-mode oscillations on the same diodes show that, although d.c. negative resistance is often present at the current densities needed for anomalous-mode operation, it is not a necessary condition for high-efficiency oscillation.     

Effects of doping profile upon electrical characteristics of Gunn diodes

A one-dimensional computer simulation of Gunn diodes with zero-impedance external load has been made for various nonuniform doping profiles including asymmetrical step-like ones, linearly graded ones, and a periodic square-wave one. The distances between the electrodes and the doping level are taken as 10 µ and an order of 10¹⁵cm^-3, respectively. Current-voltage characteristics, oscillation current waveforms, oscillation frequency versus applied voltage characteristics, and electric field distributions as well as their dynamic changes were computed for the profiles with various parameters. The results show that with asymmetrical doping profiles, Gunn oscillation takes place when the cathode is on the higher resistance side, while for the opposite polarity it is difficult for the oscillation to occur. In the latter case, a static high-field domain is built up in the vicinity of the anode. The results also show that the voltage dependence of oscillation frequency is enhanced by an asymmetrical nonuniformity in the doping profiles. A considerable rise of the threshold voltage of the oscillations is found for the periodic square-wave profile. An experimental result is analyzed on the basis of the computed results.     

Nonlinear analysis of the avalanche transit-time oscillator

The nonlinear operating characteristics of the avalanche transit-time oscillator are studied by means of Fourier-series representation. For optimum operation, the oscillator must be designed such that start-oscillation conditions are satisfied simultaneously at the first and the second harmonic of the desired oscillation frequency. Under those conditions the oscillation frequency does not depend on the dc bias current; the signal level increases smoothly with bias current. For large signals, the diode exhibits negative resistance for frequencies substantially below the avalanche frequency; the oscillation frequency therefore may be below the avalanche frequency corresponding to the dc bias current required for large-signal operation. A condition for attaining large-signal operation is that the product of drift-zone capacitance and total load resistance must be small compared to the oscillation period; this condition also yields small starting currents. The output power at the oscillation frequency is obtained explicitly in terms of diode and external circuit parameters. The maximum attainable output power is limited by parasitic series resistance and by permissible RF voltage swing as compared to dc bias voltage. The best power-impedance product is obtained by choosing the transit angle equal to 0.74 π. In practice, it may be advantageous to choose a smaller value for the transit angle, in order that the tuning condition for the second harmonic may be more easily satisfied. The dc-to-RF conversion efficiency in principle is linearly proportional to the dc current density; the maximum efficiency again is limited by parasitic series resistance and by permissible RF voltage swing.     

非线性光耦合器及其响应保持功能

将发光器件和硅光电负阻器件面对面地封装在一起,其间实现电隔离,构成一种新型光耦合器.由于光电负阻器件具有双稳和自锁特性,这种非线性光耦合器具有响应保持功能.文章以PDUBAT为例从实验方面证实了响应保持功能的存在,并提出利用PLBT实现响应保持功能的设想.     

Impact of Energy Quantization on the Performance of Current-Biased SET Circuits

The current-biased single electron transistor (SET) (CBS) is an integral part of almost all hybrid CMOS SET circuits. In this paper, for the first time, the effects of energy quantization on the performance of CBS-based circuits are studied through analytical modeling and Monte Carlo simulations. It is demonstrated that energy quantization has no impact on the gain of the CBS characteristics, although it changes the output voltage levels and oscillation periodicity. The effects of energy quantization are further studied for two circuits: negative differential resistance (NDR) and neuron cell, which use the CBS. A new model for the conductance of NDR characteristics is also formulated that includes the energy quantization term.      

半绝缘GaAs光电导开关限累模式实验研究

Experiments with the limited space-charge accumulation(LSA) mode of oscillation in a large gap semiinsulating (SI) GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch(PCSS) are discussed.It has been observed that growth and drift of a photo-activated charge domain(PACD) are quenched only when the bias voltage is more than twice the threshold voltage.The original negative resistance characteristics are directly utilized in the LSA mode;during LSA operation the spatial average of the electric field varies over a large portion of the negative differential mobility region of the velocity-electric field characteristic.The work efficiency of an SI GaAs PCSS is remarkably enhanced by electric field excursions into the positive resistance region when the total electric field is only below the threshold part of the time.The LSA mode can only operate in the certain conditions that satisfy the quenching of the accumulation layer and the smaller initial domain voltage.     

N-shaped negative differential resistance in a transistor structurewith a resistive gate

Voltage-controlled negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics in a N-AlGaAs/p⁺-GaAs/n-GaAs transistor structure are proposed and demonstrated. The gate, made using self-aligned p-type diffusion, is placed in the n-GaAs collector layer instead of the p⁺-GaAs base layer, resulting in a so-called resistive gate. For a fixed gate voltage, the device current is modulated by the applied anode voltage. Under appropriate gate voltage with respect to the anode, the device shows good voltage-controllable NDR characteristics, including large peak-to-valley current ratios (PTV's) and a voltage extension in the N-shaped curve which is equivalent to the common-emitter breakdown voltage in a transistor. A numerical model based on the transistor model for the carrier transport in this device, taking account of the influence of the applied anode voltage on the gate, is proposed. The experimental results show large room temperature PTV's (e.g., 140 at a gate bias of 1.5 V) and large voltage extension in N-shaped curves (about 9 V). Reasonable agreement between theoretical and experimental results is observed