茂金属聚乙烯与低密度聚乙烯共混的结晶形态和空间电荷效应

将少量茂金属聚乙烯(MPE)作为成核剂与普通低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混,用电声脉冲法(PEA)测量了其空间电荷分布;以差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了共混物的非等温结晶行为;通过小角激光散射(SALS)和广角X衍射(WAXD)实验研究了共混物的球晶尺寸和结晶形态的变化.测试结果表明,1%wt的MPE与LDPE共混,能有效减小球晶尺寸,提高结晶速率和晶体成核能力,有利于电荷的输运,从而降低了空间电荷的聚集.     

茂金属聚乙烯改性低密度聚乙烯介电性能与机械强度

为提高聚乙烯电缆料的击穿强度和机械性能,将少量茂金属聚乙烯(MPE)与普通低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混,用电声脉冲法(PEA)测量直流预压短路后的残余空间电荷量;详细研究了共混物的体积电阻率、直流击穿强度、直流预压反极性击穿电压和机械强度.实验结果表明:当MPE含量为1wt%时,能有效提高共混物的击穿强度和机械强度,但同时降低了体积电阻率和材料韧性,而且聚乙烯的介电性能和机械强度与其结晶形态密切相关.     

茂金属聚乙烯改善低密度聚乙烯的介电性能

针对高压、超高压直流塑料电缆中存在的空间电荷效应,大多数直流电力电缆常采用改性方法提高其介电性能,如空间电荷特性、体积电阻率和击穿强度等。常用的改性方法主要有添加剂、共混、接枝和二元共聚4种。共混技术较广泛用以改性聚乙烯电缆,提高其介电性能。因此用电声脉冲法(PEA)测量了MPE与LDPE共混试样中的空间电荷分布;用高阻计测量了共混物的体积电阻率,用阶梯电压测量了共混物的交流击穿场强。试验结果表明,1%MPE与LDPE共混能有效降低空间电荷效应,提高交流击穿场强7.9%,略降低体积电阻率。最后讨论了共混物的物质结构、电荷陷阱及介电性能间的关系。     

茂金属聚乙烯改性低密度聚乙烯中空间电荷的机理研究

针对高压,超高压直流塑料电缆中存在的空间电荷效应,文中选用与普通低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)化学结构相似的茂金属聚乙烯(MPE)作为成核剂与LDPE共混,用电声脉冲法(PEA)测量了共混物的空间电荷特性,以差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了共混物的非等温结晶行为,用高阻计测量了共混物的体积电阻率的变化,结合聚合物的结晶和导电理论,讨论了共混物中空间电荷的形成和抑制机理。测试结果表明:1%的MPE与LDPE共混,能有效降低LDPE中空间电荷效应,提高结晶温度,降低体积电阻率。     

茂金属聚乙烯改性低密度聚乙烯中电荷入陷与传输特性

聚合物的电性能与其物理、化学、微观结构密切相关.通过电声脉冲(PEA)法测量少量茂金属聚乙烯(MPE)与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混物在不同场强作用下的去极化特性.根据空间电荷限制电流(SCLC)理论,通过公式推导求解共混物平均电荷体密度、视在迁移率、陷阱深度分布及阈值场强.结果表明,1%MPE与LDPE共混,能有效减少深陷阱密度,增加浅陷阱密度,提高电荷迁移率和阈值场强.     

热处理对聚乙烯形态及其电树起始电压的影响

本文主要介绍了不同的热处理条件对聚乙烯（PE）薄膜材料电树的起始电压的影响,电树的起始电压很大程度上取决于半结晶高分子材料的变形结构。对低密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯三种薄膜试样进行了测量。结果表明,重结晶处理后,试样的结晶度以及球晶以部晶层厚度明显提高,但是试样中球晶的尺寸却基本没有变化,同时还发现,经过重结晶后,电树的起始电压升高了,试验结果还表明,电树的起始电压是随着晶层厚度的增加而增加的。     

Electrical properties and morphology of polyethylene produced with a novel catalyst

In this paper electrical properties of a novel linear low-density polyethylene synthesized with a catalyst, developed by our unique technique, were measured. It was found that this polyethylene had a higher volume resistivity, a higher breakdown strength and less spacer charge accumulation than conventional high-pressure low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene. We also measured electrical properties of blends of the new polyethylene and the conventional low-density polyethylene and found that the blends which contained up to 90 wt% of the low-density polyethylene had nearly the same value as the new polyethylene. The morphologies of the polyethylene were observed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and found that the blends kept the characteristics shown in the new polyethylene up to 90 wt% of the low-density polyethylene content. The relationship between morphology and electrical properties is discussed and comparison is made between the new polyethylene with those of the conventional low-density polyethylenes.     

Changes of thermoplastic PE cable insulation properties caused bythe overload current

Experiments were conducted to determine structural changes (degree of crystallinity) of PE (polyethylene), the development of treeing (velocity, shape), and changes of tan δ and breakdown strength as a result of thermal aging. The results show that thermal aging causes increased separation of spherulites. Overheating leads to the appearance of amorphous regions with dimensions exceeding the diameter of the neighboring spherulites. It is shown that the treeing channels develop faster in amorphous thermoplastic PE insulation than in a partially crystalline one and that tan δ increases, but the breakdown decreases with the time of thermal aging     

热处理对聚乙烯材料中电树发展的影响

电树与半结晶材料的形态结构有着密切的关系。在本文中,首先通过两种不同的热处理方式：（1）自然冷却,（2）急冷对高密度聚乙烯和低密度聚乙烯薄膜进行处理,然后,在不同的实验条件下测量电树的发展速度和长度。通过试验,我们发现尽管高密度聚乙烯比低密度聚乙烯有更高的结晶度和更大的球晶尺寸,并在电树起始阶段表现出高阻性,但电树在前者中的发展比在后者中容易。据此,我们推测,材料的形态结构对于电树的发生和电树的发展有着不同的影响。     

氯化聚乙烯共混对聚乙烯的空间电荷效应的影响

在直流电场作用下 ,用电声脉冲法测量了低密度聚乙烯 (LDPE)中空间电荷的分布 ,计算结果表明 ,异极性空间电荷严重畸变试样中的电场的分布。以少量氯化聚乙烯 (CPE)混入低密度聚乙烯中 ,大大降低了试样中的空间电荷 ,电场分布趋向均匀。在正负极性直流预压短路树枝试验中 ,分别提高试样短路树枝起始电压 2 6 8%和 36 3%。通过直流预压和电晕电荷注入后 ,短路过程中空间电荷分布的测量 ,提出氯化聚乙烯的作用机理在于降低了聚乙烯中陷阱的深度和密度。     

The influence of crystalline morphology on the growth of watertrees in PE

A small amount of phenolphthalein, acting as a nucleating agent, was added to low density polyethylene (LDPE) to modify the size and number of spherulites. The crystalline morphology was observed and analyzed with the aid of a chemical etching method. It was found that the growth of water trees is faster in LDPE samples in which spherulites are larger and the number of the spherulites is lower. In contrast, water trees grow more slowly in other LDPE samples in which spherulites are smaller in size and greater in number. On the other hand, three different kinds of additives, weak electrolyte and hydrophilic or hydrophobic substances, were added to the LDPE materials to investigate the influence of typical spherulite boundary regions on the growth of water trees. It was verified experimentally that during the process of crystallization, these three different additives are rejected and finally settled near the spherulite boundaries. Therefore, three kinds of boundary regions with different characteristics are formed. It has been concluded that hydrophillic boundary regions can strongly inhibit the growth of water trees, while the other two boundary regions (weak electrolyte, hydrophobic) have little influence on the water tree growth     

Effects of manufacturing technology on electrical breakdown and morphology of thin films of low density polyethylene blended with polypropylene copolymer

Extruded films prepared from blends of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and random copolymer of ethylene and propylene (EP) with the T-die method were studied with respect to electrical properties and morphology. Comparisons with data on blown films are made. These blends are of interest as improved LDPE for making XLPE for insulated power cable. In the high temperature region (90/spl deg/C), a specimen with a slightly higher EP content had higher impulse breakdown strength than that with a lower EP content, but no improvement of DC breakdown strength by blending could be found. The improvement of impulse breakdown strength (90/spl deg/C) is explained in terms of morphological changes by blending such as the orientation of chains in a film and the size of spherulites on the assumption of the thermal breakdown. In comparison, a T-die film had higher impulse breakdown strength than that of a blown film for the same composition. The impulse breakdown strength also increased with the use of the higher density LDPE. In the current versus electric field characteristics at 30/spl deg/C, the blend polymer with EP content of 5-10% showed a transition from LDPE behavior at low field region to EP behavior at high field region. However, no appreciable difference in current behavior among the specimens was observed at 90/spl deg/C, which suggests an incompatibility between the two materials that exists at 30/spl deg/C but not at 90/spl deg/C.     

Extinction of spherulites and improvement of polyethylene properties by the use of lithium carbonate

Polyethylene (PE) consists of nonpolar molecular chains having simple structural units. Physically, this polymer is so stable and flexible that it is widely used for insulation of electric wires and power cables, as well as for fabrication of various molded products. The crystalline texture and the presence of spherulites are major factors determining the mechanical and electrical properties of polyethylene. For the purpose of improving these properties of PE, the spherulites are eliminated completely by heat mixing of PE with Li₂CO₃. PE processed in this manner is free of spherulites, has a uniform structure and excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, such as short treeing length, high dielectric breakdown strength, and high tearing impact strength. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 148(2): 22–38, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10296     

形态对聚乙烯中空间电荷包运动特性的影响

空间电荷相关研究是直流电介质材料特性研究的重要领域,聚乙烯则是主要的内绝缘材料之一。为了对高压直流条件下聚乙烯中的空间电荷现象进行深入研究,应用电声脉冲法空间电荷测量系统对高场强下低密度聚乙烯中的空间电荷现象进行测量,观察到了空间电荷包现象。研究结合不同热处理方法得到了不同微观形态的聚乙烯试品,并在不同场强下结合微观形态的变化对低密度聚乙烯的空间电荷包运动速率进行了分析。结果表明,聚乙烯的微观形态对空间电荷包特性有显著的影响,也对空间电荷包运动速率有明显的影响,结晶度越高,空间电荷包运动速率越小。     

三梨糖醇对PE空间电荷和耐水树性能的影响

将不同质量分数的三梨糖醇作为成核剂添加到 PE中以改变其结晶形态 ,用结晶形态理论解释了在直流电场中的空间电荷分布与交流电场中形成水树的对应关系 ,找到了抑制 PE中空间电荷和水树的最佳三梨糖醇质量分数     

受阻酚类抗氧剂对交联聚乙烯力学性能的影响

选择三种受阻酚类抗氧剂1010、1076、1035,分别考察其含量对过氧化物交联低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）热老化前后力学性能的影响,测试不同交联体系的凝胶含量。研究表明,三种受阻酚类抗氧剂均对LDPE的力学性能产生一定的影响,与没有添加抗氧剂的交联聚乙烯相比,其断裂伸长率均降低;添加1076的体系抗拉强度有所提高,而添加1010和1035的体系抗拉强度较小提高;当抗氧剂含量〈0．7％时,其对交联聚乙烯的凝胶含量影响不大。老化试验结果表明,抗氧剂含量较低（〈0．2％）时,交联聚乙烯耐热老化性能恶化,试样严重变形;当抗氧剂舍量较高时,热老化性能有所提高。     

聚乙烯表面形貌对其空间电荷特性的影响

随着空间电荷测量技术在最近三十年的巨大进步,固体电介质空间电荷研究成为研究热点.聚乙烯的热压冷却条件会显著影响聚乙烯的形态结构.而聚乙烯在热压过程中,其表面会由于不同的基底材料而形成不同的附生结晶层,从而具有不同的表面形貌.此附生层的形态对空间电荷特性有很大的影响.通过研究聚乙烯不同表面形貌的形成过程及其显微特征,并结合微观形态对不同表面形貌的聚乙烯进行了空间电荷测量分析,发现不同表面形貌的聚乙烯试样具有不同的空间电荷积聚特性.     

以氯化聚乙烯改性交联聚乙烯作为直流电缆绝缘的研究

以少量氯化聚乙烯(CPE)改性交联聚乙烯(XLPE),用电声脉冲法测量了试样中的空间电荷分布,研究了CPE含量与空间电荷的关系,确定了降低空间电荷的最佳含量,研究了CPE对试样直流预压短路树枝起始电压的影响,当CPE含量为1%时,XLPE的50%直流预压短路树枝起始电压决定直流电压的极性,分别可提高42.3%和35.5%。最后作者还测量了试样的其他介电性能,计算了空间电荷畸变的电场强度,分析和讨论了相关的机理。     

纳米ZnO对聚乙烯电老化过程中空间电荷及击穿特性的影响

聚乙烯是电气绝缘领域应用最广泛的聚合物材料之一。根据电老化过程中电子和空穴复合产生的紫外辐射能导致聚合物降解理论,将少量纳米ZnO与低密度聚乙烯熔融共混,研究了电晕老化不同时间后复合材料空间电荷以及击穿特性的变化。结果表明添加纳米ZnO能有效提高聚乙烯绝缘的耐电晕老化寿命。     

纳米ZnO/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的介电特性

聚合物纳米复合材料因其优良的介电、机械等性能在电介质领域得到广泛的应用。纳米粒子改性聚乙烯基绝缘材料具有很好的研究价值及工程意义。该文主要研究了表面经分散剂处理的纳米ZnO粒子添加剂与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混物的介电特性。结果表明5%含量的纳米ZnO添加剂能有效提高聚乙烯基复合材料的体积电阻率和交流击穿强度。同时纳米添加剂虽增加了体内的残余电荷,但能有效抑制电极同极性电荷的注入。另外由于聚合物纳米复合材料的界面特异性,使得介电常数随着纳米ZnO含量的增加呈先减小后增大趋势,而损耗值却线性增加。纳米ZnO/聚乙烯复合材料介电性能提高归因于纳米粒子与聚乙烯分子间类同于深陷阱的界面效应。