自组网分簇算法仿真设计

自组网是一种由移动节点自组织形成的、不需要任何基础设施的网络,针对其随机的拓扑结构研究人员提出了基于分簇结构的拓扑机制,用于网络路由优化和安全控制。然而,这些算法在不同的移动环境中面临着不同的挑战,因而所表现出来的性能也各不相同,为进一步验证这些算法在不同移动环境中的有效性,文中使用Delphi设计了自组网的几个典型分簇算法,通过随机环境的仿真实验,得到相关仿真数据,分析比较了这些算法的性能,为进一步的研究提供依据。     

多接口车载自组织网络频谱分配算法研究

如何提升链路的并行传输能力是车载自组网面临的重要问题.如果在车辆上装配多个无线接口,并且分别调制到不同的正交信道可以有效增强链路的并行传输能力,从而提升网络吞吐率.针对拓扑变化对多接口车载自组网动态频谱分配带来的影响,提出了一种多接口车载自组网动态频谱分配算法.算法根据车辆的运动速度进行分簇,然后在簇头间通信中采用离线频谱分配策略,从而避免了网络的拓扑变化对频谱分配造成的影响.而簇内车辆具有相同的运动速度,所以具有稳定的簇内拓扑结构,有利于频谱分配算法的应用.仿真分析表明,提出的算法适用于多接口车载自组网,在动态拓扑环境下表现出了良好的性能.     

一种基于无线传感器网络的分簇线形拓扑结构

针对无线传感器网络的线形拓扑结构节点能量消耗较大、能量不均衡的缺点,构建适用于分布式实时监测系统的无线传感器网络模型,改进线形随机放置节点的自组网方式,采用分布式的分簇线形拓扑结构置放传感器节点,簇内成员可等概率竞争成为簇首,使用数据融合完成簇内、簇间的通信.仿真结果表明:分簇线形拓扑结构与线形自组网拓扑结构相比,明显地降低了节点的能耗,有效延长了网络的生存时间.     

无人机自组网基于加权的稳定分簇算法

相较于传统移动自组网,无人机自组网具有节点移动速度更快、分布范围更广、网络规模更大的显著特征,而分簇结构能实现网络的有效控制和管理,提高网络的扩展性.为了提高分簇结构的稳定性,提出了一种基于加权的稳定分簇算法,该算法基于现有加权分簇算法,从分簇测度指标的选取、指标权重因子分配、分簇稳定保持策略三个方面进行改进.仿真结果表明,该算法不仅能合理控制分簇数量,有效提高网络的扩展性,而且能够延长簇首保持时间和降低成员节点的簇间切换次数,提高分簇的稳定性.     

基于分簇结构的无线移动网络多播路由协议

移动自组网（MANET,Mobile Ad hoc Networks）是一种特殊的、应用前景广阔的新型移动无线网络。特有的网络特性使它在诸如灾难救助、战场、传感器网络、分布式计算等领域有着广泛的应用前景。结合在移动自组网络中应用最为广泛的分层结构——簇结构的特点,提出了一种基于簇结构的移动自组网多播波路由协议。协议通过对移动自组网进行簇划分,形成由簇头、簇间节点和簇内节点构成的分簇网络结构,并且在由簇头和簇间节点形成的虚拟骨干网基础上,对其进行回路检测和冗余剪枝算法处理,最终得到一个能满足多播要求的多播树,从而实现在移动自组网中的多播路由。通过对仿真实验结果的分析,该协议具有稳定的数据包发送率和较低的路由建立时间。     

移动自组网中基于按需加权的NTDR分簇算法

本文分析了移动自组网几种典型分簇算法,并针对现有分簇算法的不足,提出基于按需加权的NTDR（DWNTDR）分簇算法,该算法综合考虑影响移动自组网性能的节点度,速度等多种因素。通过模拟和比较各分簇算法,证明该算法更适合移动自组网入侵检测系统。     

移动自组网络分簇算法综述

在移动自组网络中,许多应用都依赖层次结构的支持。簇结构是移动自组网络中应用最为广泛的层次结构。本文介绍了实现簇结构的多种典型分族算法,以及度量分簇算法的标准与工具,比较了各种算法的优缺点,最后对未来分簇算法的研究热点进行了预测。     

基于簇头质量的移动无线传感器网络分簇算法

在部分节点移动的网络环境下,分析了传统静态无线传感器网络分簇算法对节点移动环境下成簇的失效性,给出了影响簇头质量的性能参数集,并提出了基于簇头质量的移动无线传感器网络分簇算法。该算法根据节点活动性、平均邻居距离、节点度偏差及信道质量等簇头性能的影响因子,通过加权的方法计算出簇头质量,在分布式传感网区域内簇头质量最大的节点将竞争成为簇头。通过理论分析和仿真对比表明,与LEACH算法相比该分簇算法降低了平均延迟,延长了网络生命期,并验证了该算法对动态拓扑具有适应性。     

一种无线自组网故障检测算法

针对无线自组网的拓扑结构,设计一种基于分簇的无线自组网节点故障检测架构和对应的故障检测算法。分簇时分别确定主用簇和备用簇管理节点,冗余簇管理节点负责对内部成员实施异常检测,给出故障检测模块的心跳发送、心跳监控、心跳预判与实时调整机制,通过增加心跳预判实时调整机制,确保算法能够动态适应自组网易变的拓扑结构,并通过备用簇管理节点和簇间共享异常信息机制,提高系统故障检测的可靠性。利用仿真实验对故障检测机制的性能进行评估,结果表明,提出的故障检测算法具备较好的检测准确率,能够有效满足上层应用在系统可靠性设计方面的需求。     

无人机自组网快速稳定加权分簇算法

在无人机自组网中,网络规模增大会使节点间平均跳数增加,网络管理和路由协议运行更艰难。分簇结构可用来优化网络管理,提高网络的可拓展性。针对无人机高移动造成的簇结构不稳定以及分簇结构鲁棒性差的问题,提出了一种快速稳定加权分簇算法。该算法对比现有的加权分簇算法,对链路保持率、节点度和相对速度三个指标的选取进行改进。针对战场和应急场景下簇头节点掉线带来的簇振荡,提出了一种高效的簇维护机制。最后通过仿真验证该算法的性能,结果表明,与现有改进型加权分簇算法相比,该算法可以有效降低成簇的时间,同时在簇头节点掉线的情况下快速恢复,更适用于复杂环境下的网络部署。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.