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以石油生焦为原料,硫酸和硝酸的混合酸为氧化剂,通过化学氧化制得炭质水性中间相,将炭质水性中间相于丙酮溶剂中浸泡7d形成炭质溶胶,然后用乙醇洗涤脱出其中的丙酮溶剂得到炭质醇溶胶,再将炭质醇溶胶与锆醇溶胶进行混合制得二元醇溶胶,随后进行超临界流体干燥得到二元气凝胶,二元气凝胶具有疏松的表观结构,由尺寸为3-15nm的颗粒组成,采用二元炭质-二氧化锆气凝胶前驱体,经氩气气氛下的碳热还原合成了Zr(C,O)纳米粉体,并采用XRD和TEM等分析测试技术和化学分析对二元气凝胶和由其制中得的Zr(C,O)纳米粒子的表面形貌和结构进行了表征,结果表明,前驱体制备工艺中,合成温度对Zr(C,O)的结构和化学组成性能有较大的影响。 相似文献
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溶胶-凝胶法制备碳化硅研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
碳化硅陶瓷材料因其优良的物理、化学性质而备受关注,作为先进材料可广泛用于石油化工、机械工业、宇航和汽车工业.相比较传统的制备方法,溶胶-凝胶法具有合成温度低、纯度高和均匀性好等优点.在简述溶胶-凝胶法基本原理的基础上,较系统地评述了溶胶-凝胶法制备碳化硅纳米微粉、碳化硅一维纳米材料、碳化硅纳米复合陶瓷和多孔碳化硅陶瓷材料及其他碳化硅材料的研究现状,提出了今后溶胶-凝胶法制备碳化硅材料的主要研究方向. 相似文献
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溶胶-凝胶法制备干凝胶的干燥技术探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
干凝胶作为一种新型的轻质多孔材料在工业生产中具有广泛的应用.简单介绍了以金属醇盐为原料采用溶胶-凝胶法制备湿凝胶的过程,分析了湿凝胶干燥过程中的破坏凝胶结构的原因,同时探讨了解决问题的途径,最后详细讨论了干凝胶干燥技术,并指出了干凝胶的发展前景. 相似文献
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采用溶胶-凝胶法,以菱镁矿、盐酸和尿素为原料,加入成胶剂柠檬酸并烘干,生成前驱体后利用程序升温在高温下煅烧得到氧化镁晶须。结果表明,制备氧化镁晶须的最佳条件为:反应体系温度100℃,溶液pH值为6,并分别加入MXC-2及DXC-3晶形控制剂。晶须长径比为2030∶1,长度为30μm,并具有良好的结晶状态。 相似文献
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常压制备疏水型二氧化硅气凝胶及透光率分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过常压干燥制备了疏水型二氧化硅气凝胶。研究了pH、水解时间等因素对二氧化硅气凝胶透光率的影响。以正硅酸乙酯为原料,通过酸(草酸)-碱(氨水)两步催化,采用溶胶-凝胶法常压干燥制备了疏水型介孔二氧化硅气凝胶。正硅酸四乙酯、乙醇、草酸、氨水物质的量比为1∶4∶5∶0.2,草酸和氨水的浓度分别为0.008、0.05 mol/L时,采用二甲基二氯硅烷为改性剂常压制备了二氧化硅气凝胶。透射电镜、扫描电镜测试表明:二氧化硅气凝胶具有纳米介孔结构。接触角测定表明:二氧化硅气凝胶与水的接触角为148°,表现出疏水性。 相似文献
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以乙醇和去离子水为溶剂,以正硅酸乙酯为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,采用Pechini溶胶-凝胶法制备了超细二氧化硅粉体,采用热分析(TG-DTG、DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)分析、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)分析等对二氧化硅粉体制备过程中的物理化学变化进行了研究。结果表明:1 000 ℃以下煅烧所得二氧化硅粉体均为非晶相,pH影响了煅烧过程中有机物的降解燃烧;煅烧温度为500 ℃时,所得二氧化硅纳米粉体的粒径约为10 nm;煅烧温度升高至600 ℃时,粉体团聚严重,晶粒尺寸增大至20 nm。 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(17):2649-2658
Carbon aerogel (CA) and xerogel (CX) are proposed for pesticide adsorption as new carbon adsorbent materials. These materials are prepared by polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde in Na2CO3 catalysis, followed by a drying step, in CO2 supercritical or normal conditions to obtain organic aerogel or xerogel, and a pyrolytic step to obtain CA or CX. Adsorption experiments were carried out in batch conditions under magnetic stirring. Adsorbent quantity and grain size, pH, and temperature, and alpha-cypermethrin concentration influence on the adsorption efficiency were considered. The optimum parameters were established to be as follows: 0.01 g adsorbent, d < 0.025 mm, and 318 K. In all cases, CA proved to be more efficient than CX for alpha-cypermethrin removal from water samples. Equilibrium (Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms), kinetics (pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, and liquid film diffusion models) and thermodynamics of the considered adsorption process were discussed in detail. Equilibrium was best described by the Langmuir isotherm, while the kinetic of the process was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that alpha-cypermethrin adsorption is an endothermic process. 相似文献
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Andreas Herzog Raoul Klingner Ulrich Vogt Thomas Graule 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2004,87(5):784-793
A new method for transforming wood structures into ceramic by carbothermal reduction of silica and carbonized wood has been developed. Application of this technique allows the preservation of wood microstructures in the ceramic state and the conversion of wood components without constraints in component size. The chosen infiltration technique of silica sol incorporation into carbonized wood structures is examined in terms of sol and wood type, carbonization conditions of the wood, and thickness of the infiltrated carbon body. Ceramization conditions were optimized, and the reaction mechanism is discussed. 相似文献
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定向排布的SiC晶须补强Si3N4复合材料的制备 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
通过挤制成型和热压烧结成功地制备了具有很好的一维定向排布的SiC晶须补强Si3N4复合材料,并从力学上分析了挤制成型过程中流体的受力状态,使晶须定向排布的原因以及影响晶须定向度的因素。 相似文献
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以蔗渣浆为原料,通过2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(TEMPO)催化氧化后,超声波处理制备纳米纤维素(NCC),再经冷冻干燥制备了纤维素气凝胶。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对NCC及其气凝胶形态和结构等进行了研究。TEM显示超声波作用30 min得到的NCC长度为100~400 nm,直径为20 nm左右;XRD显示氧化后NCC晶型仍为纤维素Ⅰ型;TG显示NCC相对蔗渣原料热稳定性降低;SEM显示NCC水悬浊液中,NCC质量分数为0.1%时,冷冻干燥得到的纤维素气凝胶为三维网状结构,NCC质量分数大于0.1%时,纤维素气凝胶为"蜂窝状"多孔结构。 相似文献
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通过SiC晶须对Y-TZP陶瓷材料的补强,发现:在SiC晶须分散均匀的情况下,尽管SiC晶须的体积含量高达30%,复合材料中单斜相氧化锆的含量并不高,氧化锆的应力诱导相变仍是复合材料的主要增韧机理,复合材料的力学性能并不随着SiC晶须含量的增加而降低。在复合材料中加入氧化铝后,发现少量的氧化铝加入有利于复合材料力学性能的提高。在氧化铝重量含量为6%,SiC晶须体积含量为20%时,复合材料的强度和断裂韧性分别为:1329±13MPa和14.8±0.7MPa·m~(1/2)。但是,过多的氧化铝加入又会使复合材料的力学性能出现下降趋势。SiC晶须加入后,复合材料的高温强度和抗热震性都有明显改善。 相似文献
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溶胶-凝胶和碳热还原法合成碳化硅晶须的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以工业硅溶胶和炭黑为主要原料,用溶胶-凝胶和碳热还原法合成了SiC晶须,获得的产物中碳化硅质量分数高于95%,碳化硅晶须质量分数高于74%,碳化硅晶须为直线形,具有光滑的表面,直径为0.2-0.5μm,长径比约为50-200,对影响碳化硅晶须产率和微观结构的主要因素进行了研究,结果表明:采取原料中碳含量稍多于理论值,并且严格控制反应温度,使得碳化硅的生成速度与碳化硅晶须的形成速度相匹配的措施对于提高产物中的碳化硅晶须含量是非常有效的。 相似文献
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Preparation of SiC/SiC Composites by Hot Pressing, Using Tyranno-SA Fiber as Reinforcement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The development of advanced Tyranno SA SiC fiber with a near-stoichiometric composition and a well-crystallized microstructure has made it possible to prepare SiC/SiC composites even under harsh conditions. To assess the reinforcing effectiveness of Tyranno SA fiber at high temperature under pressure, unidirectional SiC/SiC composites were prepared by hot pressing, using pyrolytic carbon (PyC)-coated Tyranno SA fiber as a reinforcement and nanopowder SiC with sintering additives for matrix formation. The effects of sintering conditions on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the composites were characterized. As the sintering temperature increased (from 1720° to 1780°C) and the sintering pressure increased (from 15 to 20 MPa), the density of the composites gradually increased. Simultaneously, the elastic modulus, the proportional limit stress, and the strength, under both bend and tensile tests, also improved. At lower temperature and/or pressure, long fiber pullout was a predominant fracture behavior, indicating relatively weak fiber/matrix bonding. However, at high temperature and/or pressure, short fiber pullout became a main fracture characteristic, indicating relatively strong fiber/matrix bonding. These phenomena were also confirmed by the characteristics of the hysteresis loops derived from the stress–strain curves produced by a tensile test with unloading–reloading cycles. In the present investigation, the reinforcement of Tyranno SA fiber is effective for providing noncatastrophic fracture behavior to composites. 相似文献