降低柴油机氧化氮排放物的研究

通过利用米勒循环来降低柴油机氧化氮化合物排放的理论和实验研究。对米勒循环的实现及其性能进行了描述、分析和比较。试验结果表明：米勒循环所产生的氧化氮排放物(NOx)比标准的柴油机循环所排放的NOx要少得多。     

米勒循环介绍及对某船用中速发动机的影响研究

日益严格的排放法规促使柴油机的研究发展方向是,一方面提高柴油机的热效率,另一方面降低NOx排放。在众多相比于机外净化成本更低的机内净化措施中,米勒循环通过提前或者延迟关闭进气门,形成膨胀比大于压缩比的状态,提高热效率的同时,降低了缸内的温度,有效抑制了NOx的产生。相比于目前的其他的机内净化措施,米勒循环只需更改凸轮轴的型线即可,对发动机改动相对简单,也不影响发动机的其他零部件,且当前增压技术的提高,已经能够很好的弥补米勒循环在低速进气冲量不足的短板。     

基于 EGR 耦合米勒循环的柴油机排放控制技术

为了提升柴油机应用过程有害废气排放控制的效果,提出基于 EGR 耦合米勒循环的柴油机排放控制技术。以燃油燃烧各阶段为基础,构建柴油机燃烧模型,分别深入分析 EGR 技术与米勒循环技术对废气排放的影响,衡量指标为 EGR 率与米勒度。以废气排放影响分析结果为依据,以排放控制效果最佳为目标,确定 EGR 技术与米勒循环技术的最佳耦合方案,实现柴油机废气排放的最佳控制。实验数据表明,应用 EGR 耦合米勒循环技术后,废气排放量低于实际废气排放量,并低于 EGR 技术与米勒循环技术对应排放量,充分证实了该技术具备较好的排放控制效果,为大气环境保护提供帮助。     

重型柴油机进气门早关实验研究

设计制造了一种重型柴油机进气门早关机构,并安装到一台排量为12L的柴油机整机上,进行了整机性能实验。研究结果表明仅仅通过可变气门机构实现米勒循环时,缸内工质减小,缸内压力有所下降,但不利于热效率提升。当米勒循环与米勒强度、进气增压度,燃烧控制协同优化后,可以不牺牲燃油消耗率的同时,降低氮氧比排放。     

基于V模式的智能SCR软件开发及应用

为满足非道路国四排放标准对柴油机排气污染物NOx限值的要求,结合基于模型开发的设计思想和V模式开发流程,完成了从需求架构设计、MATLAB/Simulink建模开发、软件测试确认的智能SCR软件开发。智能SCR软件的控制策略主要包括催化器模型、前馈控制模型、氨存储计算模型、尿素量修正模型、尿素喷射控制模型等。然后将智能SCR软件与柴油机其它控制功能进行软件集成,并将生成的ECU软件刷写至非道路国四ECU。最后在试验台架上完成了多组冷机和暖机的非道路瞬态循环(NRTC循环)测试。试验结果表明:在NRTC试验循环下,NOx转化效率最高达到了94.46%,经催化还原后的NOx排放值达到了0.464g/(kW·h),低于非道路国四排放标准对排放物NOx的排放限值要求,开发的智能SCR软件可以批量应用于非道路国四柴油机。     

高压共轨柴油机DOC/POC/SCR后处理系统的开发研究

本文提出了对在用的高压共轨柴油机满足国Ⅴ排放法规的技术方案。它以32.5%的尿素水溶液为还原剂,采用本文提出的DOC/POC/SCR后处理系统,通过共轨柴油车的发动机台架试验,分析了ESC循环测试下NOx的排放浓度和负荷特性下NOx的排放浓度,结果表明:若仅采用单一的Urea-SCR后处理系统,共轨柴油机排气中的NOx浓度降至300ppm左右,转化率可达到75%,只能满足国Ⅳ的排放法规要求值;而采用本文提出的DOC/POC/SCR后处理系统后,共轨柴油机排气中的CO和HC净化效果显著,NOx浓度降至180ppm左右,转化率可达到85%完全满足了当前实施的国Ⅴ的排放法规,实现了对在用高压共轨柴油机后处理系统的技术升级。     

不同海拔国六柴油机的性能现状分析

针对某国六柴油机,采用进排气海拔模拟系统,开展了全MAP性能试验、WHTC与WHSC排放测试循环试验,系统分析了不同海拔国六柴油机的性能现状。研究发现：随着海拔的升高,柴油机动力性逐渐降低,且在低转速和高转速区域最大降低幅度可达50%以上;全MAP性能试验对应的燃油消耗率逐渐增加,WHTC与WHSC排放循环的BSFC同也呈现增加的趋势;柴油机不同海拔的排放特性显示,2400 m及以下海拔时,NOx排放均能够满足国六排放法规要求,但海拔超过2400 m时,其排放急剧升高。     

国六轻型柴油机PN排放试验研究

为探究国六柴油机PN排放的影响因素,本文以某国六轻型柴油机为研究对象,研究万有工况PN原排的分布特点,以及主喷提前角、轨压、预喷、近后喷、EGR率、进气节流阀开度等参数对单一工况PN原排和WHSC循环PN排放的影响;同时还研究了PN排放和NOx排放之间的相关性。研究结果表明：(1)万有工况,随着转速增大,PN排放整体上呈上升的趋势,随着扭矩的升高,PN排放呈降低的趋势;(2)主喷提前角、轨压、EGR率对PN排放的影响较显著;而预喷间隔角、预后喷油量对PN排放影响较小;(3)PN比排放与NOx比排放存在此消彼长的Trade-off关系,并且存在一个拐点,当NOx比排放低于拐点后,PN比排放会大幅度上升。(4)对于WHSC循环,增加主喷提前角与轨压可以较大程度降低PN排放,但NOx排放会增加明显。     

采用文曲利管降低柴油机NOx排放

废气再循环(EGR,Exhaust Gas Recirculation)是大幅降低整机排放污染物的有效办法,也是目前较为常用和有效的措施.废气再循环(EGR)就是通过将柴油机排出的废气重新引回到气缸内参与燃烧的装置,可更好地控制和减少其尾气中NOx的排放量.文中介绍了柴油机工作时产生NOx的机理和文曲利管降低柴油机NOx排放的原理,通过对安装有文曲利管的柴油机进行试验,分析废气再循环率对柴油机动力性能和NOx排放的影响.     

柴油引燃甲醇双燃料发动机排放性能试验分析

介绍了柴油引燃甲醇双燃料燃烧对柴油机CH、NOx和碳烟排放的影响。采用柴油引燃甲醇双燃料在一台单缸、直喷、中冷柴油机上进行。随着甲醇质量分数的增加,HC排放迅速增加,NOx排放减少,发动机碳烟排放大幅度降低。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.