粉煤灰混凝土的自收缩性能

本文阐述了Ⅱ级商品粉煤灰对混凝土自收缩的影响。结果表明：(1)在同水胶比条件下，粉煤灰能有效降低混凝土的自收缩值；掺量越高，效果越好。早期(3d)降幅高于后期(90d)。(2)同标号(R28=70MPa)条件下，掺量为20％的粉煤灰混凝土自收缩值仍明显低于基准混凝土。但掺量为35％时，两者早期(3d)自收缩大致持平，粉煤灰混凝土后期(90d)的自收缩值比基准混凝土约高20％。(3)同水胶比条件下，粉煤灰抑制自收缩的效果明显优于矿粉。     

不同因素对低水胶比混凝土干缩性能的试验研究

为了探究不同因素对低水胶比混凝土干燥收缩的影响机理并有效预测混凝土收缩发展的规律,本文研究了不同掺量硅灰(5%、10%、20%),不同掺量粉煤灰(30%、40%、50%),不同细度以及不同粉磨方式(振动磨和球磨)对低水胶比混凝土干缩性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着硅灰掺量的增加,混凝土的干燥收缩略有增加;粉煤灰有利于减少低水胶比混凝土的干缩,且细度越小,干缩值降低的越多;不同磨机粉磨的同一粒径的粉煤灰,其干缩性能相差较小。     

掺合料对砼早期抗裂性的影响

采用平板法研究了掺合料对砼早期抗裂性的影响。试验结果表明 ,在同水胶比情况下 ,矿粉、粉煤灰取代水泥 ,可明显改善砼的早期抗裂性 ;掺量越高 ,改善效果越明显。在同标号 (R2 8)情况下 ,掺加Ⅱ级粉煤灰对砼的早期抗裂性仍有改善效果。掺合硅灰使砼早期出现裂缝的可能性明显增加。     

煅烧煤矸石再生细骨料混凝土徐变性能

为研究不同煅烧温度、煤矸石掺量、粉煤灰掺量及水胶比对再生细骨料混凝土抗徐变性能的影响,采用4因素3水平的正交原理,对不同试验条件下再生细骨料混凝土进行120 d的干缩和徐变性能研究.结果 表明:对于养护28 d后的试件,影响其抗压强度最大的因素是煤矸石掺量的不同;干缩变形量从基础养护起第80 d为分界线,分快速干缩和稳定干缩两阶段,同时受煅烧温度和水胶比影响较大,但适当的粉煤灰掺量和煅烧温度不仅能抑制干缩,而且能致密空隙并降低水化热;持续荷载120 d时,构件整体徐变变形增大,分为快速、慢速和稳定3个阶段,受煅烧温度和煤矸石掺量影响较大,同时徐变变形与时间存在相对较高的相关性.     

掺入粉煤灰提高碾压混凝土耐久性的试验研究

试验采用在碾压混凝土中掺入粉煤灰(其掺量占胶凝材料总量的10%～45%)的方法来提高碾压混凝土耐久性(包括强度、干缩、耐磨性和抗冻性)。试验结果表明:(1)粉煤灰掺量小于30%时能提高碾压混凝土强度但影响度不大;(2)随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,碾压混凝土的干缩呈直线降低,且抗磨性和抗冻融能力明显提高;(3)粉煤灰能有效提高碾压混凝土的耐久性,且在试验条件下的最佳掺量为30%。     

粉煤灰对碾压混凝土自生体积变形的影响

为探索粉煤灰对碾压混凝土自生体积变形的影响,分析了官地水电站碾压混凝土自生体积变形室内试验成果。1-360d龄期的自生体积变形结果表明：碾压混凝土的水胶比在0.45-0.60,粉煤灰掺量在50%~60%,水胶比及掺量变化对自生体积变形最终值影响不大。     

高流动性大掺量粉煤灰混凝土配合比设计试验研究

试验研究了早强剂掺量、水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对高流动性大掺量粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度的影响。正交试验结果表明,高流动性大掺量粉煤灰混凝土7d抗压强度的最主要影响因素为粉煤灰掺量,其次为早强剂掺量及水胶比;28d和90d抗压强度的最主要影响因素为粉煤灰掺量,其次为水胶比及早强剂掺量。通过正交设计可以得出高流动性大掺量分粉煤灰混凝土的配合比设计方法。     

风积沙混凝土早期自收缩变形的影响因素研究及数值模拟

为探讨水胶比、砂率及粉煤灰掺量变化对风积沙混凝土早期自收缩变形的影响,采用非接触式混凝土收缩变形测定方法测定不同水胶比、不同砂率、不同粉煤灰掺量下的风积沙混凝土3d内的自收缩,得到表征风积沙混凝土早期自收缩变形规律的收缩率曲线,并利用压汞法测定其微观结构.结果表明,水胶比变化对风积沙混凝土的早期自收缩变形的影响最大,砂率次之,粉煤灰最小;考虑了水胶比(砂率、粉煤灰)的影响下建立了风积沙混凝土自收缩变形规律的数值模型.     

水胶比对蒸养粉煤灰混凝土碳化的影响研究

通过对碳化深度的测定,研究了蒸养条件下不同粉煤灰掺量混凝土的抗碳化性能随水胶比的变化情况,结果表明:蒸养粉煤灰混凝土的早期碳化增长较快,后期增长相对缓慢,且碳化深度都随着水胶比的增大而增大,但不同的粉煤灰掺量,其碳化深度随水胶比的变化规律也有所不同.     

粉煤灰对水泥砂浆流动度和强度的影响研究

通过对不同掺量时的Ⅰ级粉煤灰水泥砂浆的流动度和强度的研究,结果表明,粉煤灰的掺入可以有效改善水泥砂浆的性能。随水胶比增大,可使粉煤灰水泥砂浆的流动度得到提高,而且流动度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而增加;粉煤灰的掺入早期强度有所降低,但后期强度得到了提高,尤其是当粉煤灰掺量为30%时,28 d龄期时强度达到最高。     

等强度条件下粉煤灰对补偿收缩混凝土变形性能的影响

通过测定水中限制膨胀率和水养7d转干空后的限制膨胀率,计算干燥收缩落差,讨论粉煤灰在等强度条件下对补偿收缩混凝土变形性能的影响.结果表明:等强度条件下掺加适量粉煤灰可以明显地促进限制膨胀率的增长;掺量过大容易导致早期约束不足,降低对限制膨胀的促进作用.粉煤灰可以明显降低混凝土转干空后早期的干燥收缩落差.随着粉煤灰掺量增加,干燥收缩落差进一步降低,空气中放置28 d后均表现为膨胀.对于硫铝酸钙-氧化钙类膨胀剂和粉煤灰复掺的补偿收缩混凝土,膨胀剂最小用量的要求可以适当降低.     

粉煤灰掺量对不同骨料混凝土长期强度的影响

试验着眼于C30强度等级混凝土,以不同粗骨料(再生骨料、天然骨料)、粉煤灰掺量(15％、30％、50％)及养护环境(标养、室内自然养护)为变量探究粉煤灰对不同骨料混凝土长期强度的影响.试验结果表明,随着粉煤灰取代率的增加,在龄期较短时表现出对再生混凝土及普通混凝土的强度贡献率都有所下降的趋势,但后期经养护龄期的增加,180 d以后中长期强度贡献率下降幅度有所趋缓;当养护环境为标准养护时,粉煤灰取代率为30％以内试件的强度贡献率在180 d时达到了最大,之后强度贡献率有所下降,粉煤灰取代率为50％时,养护龄期超过180 d其强度贡献率也会有所增加;当养护环境为室内自然养护时,随着养护龄期的增长对不同取代率粉煤灰、不同骨料混凝土的中长期强度贡献率都有所加大.     

粉煤灰制备轻质高强混凝土的试验研究

以烧结粉煤灰陶粒作为粗骨料,复掺超细粉煤灰与一级粉煤灰部分替代水泥作为胶凝材料,制备轻质高强混凝土.主要研究了两种粉煤灰的掺配比例与总掺量对轻骨料混凝土力学性能、干表观密度及微观形貌的影响.试验结果表明:掺超细粉煤灰能够细化水泥水化产物的晶体尺寸,打乱氢氧化钙的生长取向,减少混凝土内部结构缺陷,使胶凝材料浆体更均匀;当超细粉煤灰与一级粉煤灰的比例为1:1,粉煤灰的总掺量为40%时,可以配制出28 d抗压强度为58.6 MPa,干表观密度为1900 kg/m3的LC50轻质高强轻骨料混凝土.     

粉煤灰及沙漠砂对混凝土抗碳化性能的影响

通过进行单掺粉煤灰、单掺沙漠砂、双掺粉煤灰和沙漠砂混凝土3d、7d、14d、28d和56d抗碳化性能试验,分析了粉煤灰掺量和沙漠砂替代率对混凝土抗碳化性能的影响,建立了混凝土28 d碳化深度与粉煤灰掺量及沙漠砂替代率之间回归关系模型.试验结果表明:对于单掺粉煤灰混凝土,随着粉煤灰掺量增加,混凝土碳化深度逐渐增大,且碳化早期比后期增长较快;对于单掺沙漠砂混凝土,随着沙漠砂替代率增加,混凝土碳化深度呈先减小后增大趋势,沙漠砂替代率20%时混凝土碳化深度最小;对于双掺粉煤灰和沙漠砂混凝土,粉煤灰掺量10%,沙漠砂替代率20%时混凝土碳化深度最小.     

Interaction between sulfate and chloride solution attack of concretes with and without fly ash

In this paper, the two sets of concretes under attack of erosion solution of sulfate and chloride salt were investigated. The one set is the plain concrete without fly ash addition. The other set is the concrete with 20% and 30% of fly ash addition, respectively. The corrosion solution includes three types: 3.5%NaCl, 5% Na₂SO₄, and a composite solution of 3.5%NaCl and 5% Na₂SO₄. In addition, two corrosion regimes were employed in this study: naturally immersion (stored in corrosion solution for long duration), drying-immersion cycles. The damage process of the two sets of concretes was systematically investigated under the above three types of corrosion solutions and two corrosion regimes. The interaction between sulfate and chloride salt was also quantitatively determined. The experimental results shown that a presence of sulfate in the composite solution increased the resistance to chloride ingress into concretes at early exposure period, but the opposition was observed at latter exposure period. For the damage of concretes, a presence of chloride in the composite solution reduces the damage of concrete caused by sulfate. Addition of fly ash may significantly improve the resistance to chloride ingress into concretes and the resistance to sulfate erosion when a suitable amount of fly ash addition and low water-to-binder (W/B) was employed. Studies of the different corrosion regimes indicate that concretes stored in corrosion solution for about 850 d, the changes in relatively dynamic modulus of elastically (RDME) could be described by three stages: linearly increasing period, steady period, and declining period. Whereas for drying-immersion cycles, an accelerated trend could be found. The changes in RDME included an accelerated decreased stage, linearly increased stage, and then a slowly decreased stage, finally accelerating failure stage. In order to elucidate the above experimental results in a microscopic scale, the mechanism was also investigated by the modern microanalysis techniques.     

Strength development of inadequately cured high fly ash content and structural concretes

Strength development of high fly ash content and structural concretes under standard fog curing and uncontrolled laboratory exposure conditions is presented. The results indicate that, with uncontrolled air curing, the strength of fly ash concretes is more adversely affected than the control (no fly ash) concretes. In addition, the ratio of the uncontrolled air curing to fog cured strength of fly ash concretes decreases as the fly ash/total cementitious ratio increases and as the total cementitious content decreases. The paper emphasizes the fact that structural grade concretes containing fly ash must be adequately cured if they are to replace normal concretes which do not contain ash, particularly in structural members where the surface to volume ratio is high.     

Effect of steam curing on class C high-volume fly ash concrete mixtures

The effect of steam curing on concrete incorporating ASTM Class C fly ash (FA), which is widely available in Turkey, was investigated. Cement was replaced with up to 70% fly ash, and concrete mixtures with 360 kg/m³ cementitious content and a constant water/binder ratio of 0.4 were made. Compressive strength of concrete, volume stability of mortar bar specimens, and setting times of pastes were investigated. Test results indicate that, under standard curing conditions, only 1-day strength of fly ash concrete was low. At later ages, the strength values of even 50% and 60% fly ash concretes were satisfactory. Steam curing accelerated the 1-day strength but the long-term strength was greatly reduced. Setting time of fly ash-cement pastes and volume stability of mortars with 50% or less fly ash content were found to be satisfactory for standard specimens. In addition, for steam curing, this properties were acceptable for all replacement ratios.     

Effect of cooling methods on residual compressive strength and cracking behavior of fly ash concretes exposed at elevated temperatures

This paper presents the effects of cooling methods on residual compressive strength and cracking behavior of concretes containing four different class F fly ash contents of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% as partial replacement of cement at various elevated temperatures. The residual compressive strength of the aforementioned fly ash concretes is measured after being exposed to 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C temperatures and two different cooling methods, for example, slow cooling and rapid water cooling. Results show that the residual compressive strengths of all fly ash concretes decrease with increase in temperatures irrespective of cooling regimes, which is similar to that of ordinary concrete. Generally, control ordinary concrete and all fly ash concretes exhibited between 10% and 35% more reduction in residual compressive strength because of rapid cooling than slow cooling except few cases. Cracks are observed over concrete specimens after being exposed to temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 °C. Samples that are slowly cooled developed smaller cracks than those rapidly cooled. At 800 °C, all fly ash concretes that are exposed to rapid cooling showed the most severe cracking. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows reduction of Ca(OH)₂ peak and formation of new calcium silicate peak in concretes containing 20% and 40% fly ash when subjected to 800 °C in both cooling methods. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis results show increase in thermal stability of concrete with increase in fly ash contents. The existing Eurocode also predicted the compressive strength of fly ash concretes with reasonable accuracy when subjected to the aforementioned elevated temperatures and cooling methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Using limestone aggregates and different cements for enhancing resistance of concrete to sulphuric acid attack

A research program was undertaken to improve concrete's resistance against sulphuric acid attack. Six concretes were investigated, four using calcareous limestone aggregates and two using silicious aggregates. Cements used in these concretes included a portland cement, a binary cement containing ground granulated blast furnace slag, and two ternary cements containing slag and silica fume or fly ash and silica fume. All the concretes had the same water/cement ratio of 0.4, with compressive strengths in the range of 45 MPa and 58 MPa at the age of 28 days. In the experiment, concrete cylinders were immersed in 1% sulphuric acid solution and they were periodically examined for appearance, measured for mass change and tested in compression up to 168 days. The concrete using limestone aggregates and the ternary cement containing silica fume and fly ash performed the best.     

不同品质粉煤灰在煤矿安全中应用效果试验研究

我国煤矿生产事故频发,顶板垮落、瓦斯爆炸、机电事故、突水、矿井火灾、放炮等隐患时刻影响着煤矿安全生产,当前矿井开采以井下开采为主,井下开采存在技术要求高、开采难度大的问题,导致煤矿事故发生数和死亡人数相对其他行业居于首位。因此,为改善煤矿事故发生情况,提高煤矿安全生产,将粉煤灰应用到煤矿生产中,替代部分水泥,降低成本,降低混凝土水化热及渗透性,提高灌注混凝土工作性与耐久性。通过试验验证表明:采用Ⅰ级粉煤灰的混凝土较采用Ⅱ级粉煤灰的混凝土抗压强度、轴拉强度和极限拉伸值均略高,且干缩率较低,掺加Ⅱ级粉煤灰的混凝土的抗冻性能优于掺加I级粉煤灰的混凝土,I级粉煤灰对混凝土抗冻性能负面影响严重。同强度等级、同水胶比条件下,Ⅰ级粉煤灰混凝土抗冲磨强度比Ⅱ级粉煤灰混凝土抗冲磨强度及抗水冲蚀能力稍高,对预防及应对煤矿安全问题具有重要意义。