共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
R. O’Brient P. A. R. Ade K. Arnold G. Engargiola W. Holzapfel A. T. Lee M. J. Myers X. F. Meng E. Quealy P. L. Richards H. Spieler H. T. Tran 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):459-463
We are developing multi-band dual-polarized antenna-coupled transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers for observing Cosmic Microwave
Background (CMB) polarization anisotropies. We have designed a prototype pixel that uses a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna
on a silicon hemispherical lens. Each polarization is coupled onto a separate microstrip transmission line. Microstrip filters
are used to divide the broadband output of this antenna into a set of narrow frequency bands centered at 90, 150, and 220
GHz with bandwidths of 20%. We report on the fabrication of these devices as well as the initial optical testing.
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2.
Dominic J. Benford S. Harvey Moseley Johannes G. Staguhn Christine A. Allen James A. Chervenak Thomas R. Stevenson Wen-Ting Hsieh 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2004,520(1-3):270-273
We describe a comparative investigation of the parameters of MoAu-bilayer TES bolometers designed for infrared detectors. A set of devices with variations in geometry were fabricated at the NASA/GSFC detector development facility. These detectors have different bilayer aspect ratios (providing differing normal state resistances and current densities), and have varieties of normal metal regions to study the effects of geometry on noise. These normal metal regions are oriented either parallel to or transverse to the direction of current flow, or both. The lowest noise detectors are found to have normal metal regions oriented transversely. For about a dozen different devices, we have measured a large set of parameters by means of a suite of tests. These include complex impedance measurements to derive time constants; IV curves to determine resistance and power; thermal conductance measurements; noise measurements as a function of device resistance; and direct resistance vs. temperature measurements. 相似文献
3.
C. A. Allen D. J. Benford T. M. Miller S. H. Moseley J. G. Staguhn E. J. Wollack 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):266-270
The Backshort-Under-Grid (BUG) superconducting bolometer array architecture is intended to be highly versatile, operating
over a large range of wavelengths and background conditions. To validate the basic array design and to demonstrate its applicability
for future kilopixel arrays, we will demonstrate a 128-element bolometer array optimized for 2 mm wavelength using a new Goddard
Space Flight Center instrument, GISMO (Goddard IRAM Superconducting 2-Millimeter Observer). The design considerations unique
to GISMO and laboratory experimental results will be discussed.
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4.
Y. Ishisaki H. Kurabayashi A. Hoshino T. Ohashi T. Yoshino T. Hagihara K. Mitsuda K. Tanaka 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):131-137
We investigated the magnet field dependence of the X-ray pulse height and the critical current of a Ti/Au bilayer TES micro-calorimeter.
The pulse height was strongly affected by the magnetic field intensity applied perpendicularly to the TES surface. We found
that the critical current at zero temperature, I
c0, decreased by a factor of two by applying a magnet field of ∼10 μT. Our data are consistent with a TES sensitivity proportional
to (I/I
c0)−2/3, as predicted by the Ginzburg-Landau theory. This fact implies that the shape of the R–T curve of the TES is partly determined by the critical current of the superconductor. In order to make our TES microcalorimeters
less sensitive to the external magnetic field, we fabricated devices equipped with on-chip magnetic shielding. One device
has a turn-around style electrical lead made of Al, in which the return line is laid beneath the Ti/Au TES. Another device
has a Nb layer deposited between a multi-layer membrane. We demonstrated that the devices were usable below 200 μT with small
degradation of the pulse height and energy resolution.
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5.
Timothy M. Miller Nick Costen Christine Allen 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):483-488
In our effort to develop large format kilo-pixel arrays of transition edge sensors, we are working toward demonstrating electrical
connectivity of a hybridized 32×40 element detector to a NIST multiplexer. The geometry of large-scale arrays that attempt
to maintain a high filling factor does not allow for typical fan-out wiring, thus the detector array is hybridized directly
to the readout multiplexer. The two parts are bonded together with 10 micron tall indium bumps, which complete the electrical
path and also provide mechanical strength. The indium hybridization was developed and performed at the Goddard Space Flight
Center and has been shown to withstand tensile loading up to 0.26 gram-force per indium bump. A cavity is deep etched behind
each pixel prior to bonding, leaving only 30 micron support walls, which maintains a high filling fraction. Electrical continuity
has been shown through the indium path in room temperature measurements. We report on the fabrication process used to hybridize
the parts and the subsequent electrical performance.
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6.
T. Oshima Y. Yamakawa H. Kurabayashi A. Hoshino Y. Ishisaki T. Ohashi K. Mitsuda K. Tanaka 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):430-435
We report on the development of the fast response gamma-ray TES microcalorimeter composed of a bulk Sn absorber coupled to
a Ti/Au TES. In order to realize a TES microcalorimeter with a large absorber and a fast response time, besides taking saturation
and linearity into account, study of the effect of thermal diffusion in the absorber on energy resolution is essential. Therefore,
we performed 3 dimensional simulations using SPICE to calculate the effect of thermal diffusion in the absorber on energy
resolution. By fabricating a device with the optimized heat capacity of the absorber and the thermal conductance between the
absorber and the TES based on the simulation result, we have demonstrated an energy resolution of 38.4±0.9 eV at 60 keV with
a time constant of 0.5 ms.
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7.
H. F. C. Hoevers M. P. Bruijn B. P. F. Dirks L. Gottardi P. A. J. de Korte J. van der Kuur A. M. Popescu M. L. Ridder Y. Takei D. H. J. Takken 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):94-99
Seven microcalorimeters with different geometries have been tested and their performance is compared. The study, for TiAu
TESs with a Cu absorber, indicates the presence of so-called constant voltage noise and internal thermal fluctuation noise.
The constant voltage noise is not changed by a normal metal pattern on the TES, or by a magnetic field. The energy resolution
of the detectors, having different heat capacities, is 2.5 and 5.0 eV (at 5.9 keV).
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8.
B. Cabrera 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):82-93
Superconducting Transition Edge sensors (TES) devices are now in use across a broad range of applications including dark matter
searches, gamma ray and x-ray spectroscopy, UV-optical-IR spectroscopy, IR bolometry and CMB bolometers. We summarize the
effects that must be taken into account in the design of TES devices. These include determining time constants, maintaining
voltage bias, avoiding electrothermal oscillations, critical current limitations, saturation and preventing normal-superconducting
phase separation. We summarize our understanding of excess noise seen in most TES devices.
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9.
Y. Takei L. Gottardi H. F. C. Hoevers P. A. J. de Korte J. van der Kuur M. L. Ridder M. P. Bruijn 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):161-166
We are developing X-ray microcalorimeters based on Ti/Au transition-edge sensors (TES). Among sensors we have fabricated,
one with a Cu absorber at the center of the TES shows a particularly good X-ray energy resolution: 1.56 eV at 250 eV and 2.5
eV at 5.9 keV. In this paper, a detailed study of its impedance and noise is presented. The noise is not explained by a sum
of known sources. The magnitude of unexplained noise is largest when the sensitivity of the TES on temperature (α) and on current (β) are the highest. The observed relation between the noise level and sensitivity suggests a source of thermal fluctuations
inside the TES or between the TES and the absorber. We also found that β is linearly correlated to the product of α and current, which limits the effective sensitivity that is expressed as α/(1+β).
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10.
F. Pajot Y. Atik C. Evesque S. Lefranc B. Leriche J.-P. Torre B. Bélier N. Marsot L. Dumoulin L. Bergé M. Piat E. Bréelle D. Prêle A. Benoit C. Hoffmann T. Durand P. Camus D. Santos Yong Jin M. Giard 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):513-517
New techniques in microelectronics allow to build large arrays of bolometers filling the focal plane of submillimeter and
millimeter telescopes. The expected sensitivity increase is the key for the next generation of space experiments in this wavelength
range. Superconducting bolometers offer currently the best prospects in terms of sensitivity and multiplexed readout. We present
here the developments led in France based on NbSi alloy thermometers. The manufacturing process of a 23 pixel array and the
test setup are described.
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11.
D. J. Benford J. G. Staguhn C. A. Allen S. F. Maher E. H. Sharp 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(3-4):1015-1021
We report on our efforts to measure simultaneously a well-calibrated complex impedance of a large number of detectors in a
long wavelength bolometer array. The array is described in other presentations. A method for correcting the complex impedance
measurements of bolometers and calorimeters has been presented by Lindeman et al. (Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78:043105, [2007]) using a Thévenin equivalent circuit to represent the bias network. We have built on this method for superconducting bolometers
with a Norton equivalent circuit and have used it to improve our impedance data. We further describe our method for extracting
a Norton-corrected complex impedance as a function of frequency from a stream of multiplexed time-ordered data. This method
is well-suited to producing simultaneous complex impedance measurements for a large number of detectors.
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12.
We are developing transition edge sensors (TES) using single layer iridium (Ir) as the detector and deposited tin (Sn) as
the absorber. We obtained good Ir devices with reproducible and uniform transition temperature around 120 mK, transition widths
of 1–2 mK, residual resistivity ratio (RRR) between 1.8–3 and high sensitivity α. Our Ir films are obtained using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and photolithography. In this paper we present
a full low temperature characterization of the Ir films.
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13.
M. P. Bruijn M. L. Ridder L. Gottardi H. F. C. Hoevers P. A. J. de Korte J. van der Kuur 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):500-505
In this paper we describe microfabrication developments for a 1024 pixel calorimeter array, to be used in future X-ray spectroscopic
space missions. We report on an optimization study of high packing factor, mushroom shaped, Cu/Bi absorbers, for which a sputter
deposition technique into a new type of photoresist mould has been developed. We have fabricated a prototype 32×32 array where
98 representable pixels are potentially functioning TESs. To gain more control on the detector pixel performance a new procedure
was developed to couple absorber and thermometer, utilizing a thin insulating layer. Advances are reported in the fabrication
of superconducting LC resonating circuits, needed for frequency domain multiplexed read out. A quality factor Q∼4000 @ 2.6 MHz has been measured, which was limited by critical current in the circuit.
相似文献
14.
U. Morita Y. Ishisaki T. Koga T. Ohashi S. F. Terracol T. Miyazaki S. Friedrich K. Mitsuda K. Tanaka 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2004,520(1-3):277-280
We examined the performance of a single pixel Ti/Au transition-edge sensor (TES) calorimeter for incident X-ray energies of Al-K, Cr-K, and Fe-K, as a function of the TES resistance. We find that the energy resolution does not always degrade with increasing energy. The best energy resolution of 5.7±0.9 eV at 6.4 keV is obtained, which is possibly even better than the baseline width of 6.5±0.2 eV. Assuming that the noise level is determined by the noise spectrum NS(f;RR+dR(E)) considering the resistance change of dR(E), instead of NS(f;R) at the operating point, these results may be explained by the fact that the noise decreases at the higher TES resistance. The pulse variation appears to have a minimum at a certain resistance of R+dR(E)48 mΩ, and the best energy resolution for each line is obtained at such an operating point, respectively. The pulse variation could be enhanced when the fluctuation of the TES sensitivity is large at R+dR(E). 相似文献
15.
Many types of superconducting detectors naturally form Casimir cavities (Superconducting Tunnel Junctions, some Transition
Edge Sensor geometries). We show that by influencing the energy balance of the superconducting-to-normal (S–N) transition
of the cavity boundaries the Casimir effect can have an effect on the microscopic parameters of the detector, such as the
superconducting energy gap and critical field. In order to determine whether these effects are practically important a rigorous
mathematical discussion of the energy balance of the detector’s transition is required. We discuss the basis for such a rigorous
analysis as well as the type of electromagnetism required and the inadequacy of existing Casimir effect solutions when applied
to the superconducting system.
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16.
We are beginning development of a Transition Edge Sensor (TES) based gamma-ray detector for use in Coincidence-Doppler-Broadening
(CDB) Positron-Annihilation-Spectroscopy (PAS) studies. We are specifically motivated to asses and study damage to nuclear
Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) which results from neutron irradiation during reactor operation. In this paper we provide
a brief introduction to CDB-PAS and discuss our detector design.
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17.
T. Saab E. Apodacas S. R. Bandler K. Boyce J. Chervenak E. Figueroa-Feliciano F. Finkbeiner C. Hammock R. Kelley M. Lindeman F. S. Porter C. K. Stahle 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2004,520(1-3):281-284
Characterizing and understanding, in detail, the behavior of a Transition Edge Sensor (TES) is required for achieving an energy resolution of 2 eV at 6 keV desired for future X-ray observatory missions. This paper will report on a suite of measurements (e.g. impedance and I–V among others) and simulations that were developed to extract a comprehensive set of TES parameters such as heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and R(T,I), (T,I), and βi(T,I) surfaces. These parameters allow for the study of the TES calorimeter behavior at and beyond the small signal regime. 相似文献
18.
The main versions of the redefinition for the international prototype kilogram are examined for best accuracy and transmitting
the mass unit. It is concluded that it is most promising to use Avogadro’s number and the atomic mass unit in order to transfer
to a new standard for the kilogram, i.e., to introduce an atomic kilogram.
__________
Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 3–5, October, 2006. 相似文献
19.
It is shown that the use of the proposed models of random processes with specified statistical properties solves fundamental
problems of identifying dynamic systems by Wiener’s method using testing actions of special form. Examples of the construction
of these models in the time domain are presented.
__________
Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 43–46, August, 2006. 相似文献
20.
Delfim Soares Júnior 《Computational Mechanics》2007,40(5):827-835
The present work presents an alternative time-marching technique for boundary element formulations based on static fundamental
solutions. The domain boundary element method (D-BEM) is adopted and the time-domain Green’s matrices of the elastodynamic
problem are considered in order to generate a recursive relationship to evaluate displacements and velocities at each time-step.
Taking into account the Newmark method, the Green’s matrices of the problem are numerically and implicitly evaluated, establishing
the Green–Newmark method. At the end of the work, numerical examples are presented, verifying the accuracy and potentialities
of the new methodology. 相似文献