微细电火花铣削加工电极损耗及加工质量分析

电极损耗是微细电火花铣削加工中常见的问题之一,对引信保险机构的组成零件进行微细电火花铣削加工,分析加工电极的损耗情况以及对加工质量的影响。试验得出加工参数以及分层铣削厚度是两个影响电极损耗的重要因素,并且因为电极的损耗会导致加工零件的平行度下降。     

微细电火花加工中电极材料的蚀除机理研究

在微细电火花加工过程中 ,由于放电时间极短 ,使得其阴阳两极的电极材料蚀除过程产生较大的差异。本文应用传热学和电场的基本理论 ,分别对微细电火花加工阴阳两极的材料蚀除机理进行了理论研究 ,得出了在窄脉宽微细电火花加工中 ,尽量缩短脉宽可提高阳极材料的去除效率 ,同时又不会明显增加阴极材料损耗的结论。为微细电火花加工脉冲电源设计及加工工艺的改进提供了理论依据     

微细电火花加工及应用

随着许多工业及民用设备的小型化,日益需要进行微细复杂形状的高精度加工,特别是对高密度、高深径比形状的模具进行高精度加工更为需要。为满足这方在要求,目前国外研究开发了一种微细电火花加工技术、在穿孔加工中已能够加工出直径5μm的微孔。 过去,对微小复杂形状的电火花加工采用的方法是:使用简单的棒状电极,类似铣削的加工方式,并采用对电极损耗进行补偿或在低损耗状态下进行加工的     

超声复合微细电火花加工机理与试验

微结构电火花加工短路、断路或电弧放电作用,降低加工效率及精度。提出将超声频振动与微细电火花加工复合,利用电极与工件之间的超声频相对运动,产生规则的、参数可控的微细脉冲放电;构造、完善超声复合微细电火花试验系统,进行微结构超声复合电火花加工试验,有效避免短路、断路及电弧脉冲,有效提高加工精度与效率。TG662     

微细电火花加工技术的研究进展

研究和综述了微细电火花加工技术的研究现状和发展趋势。比较分析了常用微细加工与微细电火花加工方法的特点及应用，论述了线电极电火花磨削技术的原理及在微细加工中的作用。结合电火花加工过程中无宏观作用力的特点，论述了微细电火花加工装置微小型化的可行性和几种主要形式。     

适用于微机械制造的常规加工方法

简述了传统切削加工和一些特种加工方法(如车削、钻削、铣削、冲压、电火花、电化学、电铸等)在微细加工领域中的加工特点，并通过例证介绍了所取得的成就。     

镜面电火花加工技术

在计算机技术、微电子技术、控制技术飞速发展的推动下,电火花加工技术已经可以对工艺过程实施更加精确的控制,因而促进了加工工艺水平的飞速提高。特别是近几年来,这种提高更是呈加速趋势。不仅如此,许多新的电火花加工方法和控制方法也不断涌现,如:镜面电火花加工技术、微细电火花加工技术、电火花放电沉积表面改性技术、分层式电火花铣削加工技术、气体中放电电火花加工技术、电火花加工过程模糊控制技术等,它们极大地丰富了电火花加工技术的内涵。哈尔滨工业大学赵万生教授的最新著作《先进电火花加工技术》,结合了作者多年来从事先进电火花加工的研究实践,总结了近年来的最新研究成果,并介绍了国内外研究人员对于各项技术发展的主要贡献。由于篇幅所限,我们在此仅摘登该书一小部分章节,但该书内容之丰富应可窥一斑。同时,论著摘登栏目为了更好地服务读者,欢迎广大读者将自己渴望了解的技术(工艺)领域告诉我们,以便我们在选稿时有所侧重。     

微细电火花铣削CAD/CAM方法研究

利用简单电极的微细电火花铣削加工具有适应性强、可操作性好等特点,在微三维结构的制作方面显示出了良好的应用前景。但是在电火花分层铣削加工中,加工表面始终存在着台阶问题,并且对方程难以给定的复杂曲面而言尤为如此。系统研究了微细电火花铣削的分层策略、电极轨迹生成方法、插补算法以及加工轨迹的平滑算法,结合等参数插补方法对分层加工后的型腔表面进行修正,较好地解决了加工台阶问题。利用所研究的CAD/CAM技术进行了加工试验,给出了亚毫米级复杂三维曲面的加工实例,验证了方法的正确性。     

喷雾电火花铣削加工的能量分配与材料蚀除模型

针对喷雾电火花铣削加工(Electrical discharge milling, ED-milling)建立电蚀坑形成过程的热-流耦合模型,并改进电火花加工中放电能量在阴极及阳极分配系数的判断方法来为所建立的蚀除模型提供边界条件。此外,通过试验得到不同放电参数下的电蚀坑半径,并对蚀坑半径随脉宽和电流变化的规律采用最小二乘法进行拟合作为等离子体扩张方程。基于材料蚀除的热-流耦合二维模型,应用仿真-试验比对的方法得到雾中电火花铣削加工时放电能量在正极的分配系数近似为0.29,负极分配系数约为0.025。根据相关加工参数及所建立的模型,对喷雾电火花加工的电蚀坑尺寸进行计算并与试验测量结果进行对比,两者误差约在8%,证明该模型是可信的。通过对比试验和分析结果,可知喷雾电火花铣削加工中放电通道中的能量分配在阳极的比例远大于阴极,从而揭示了在雾中电火花加工中工件接正极时材料去除率更高的原因。通过所建立的阴、阳极的蚀除模型,用于对喷雾电火花加工的材料去除率、表面粗糙度等进行推导和预测,从而优化工艺参数并减少加工成本。此外,所建立的模型可进一步扩展应用到液中、气中等多种电火花加工(Electrical discharge machining, EDM)中,并为EDM加工机理的研究提供了一种可行的方法。     

基于热学仿真的微细电火花加工表面形貌预测

根据热传导基本理论和微细电火花加工的实际情况,建立起微细电火花加工的热传播模型.采用ANSYS分析软件,基于有限元方法对P+硅和45钢两种材料单脉冲放电情况的温度场进行了数值模拟,分析了微细电火花铣削加工中表面粗糙度与放电能量之间的关系.结果表明,微细电火花仿真能够很好地模拟放电凹坑的温度场分布,进而预测加工表面形貌.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.