加热炉水梁爆管事故原因分析

对典型的步进梁式加热炉水梁爆管事故进行了剖析,并采用排除法推论出了事故发生的原因,提出了避免事故发生及减轻事故损失的建议。     

基于粗糙集的系统聚类法煤层底板突水评价

通过对煤矿奥灰岩突水事故的原因分析,确定了造成煤层底板突水事故的影响因素。研究了利用粗糙集理论从煤层底板突水事故中提取有效信息的方法,并给出了基于遗传算法的煤层底板突水事故决策表约简算法,剔除冗余指标属性,最后利用系统聚类法对影响煤层底板奥灰岩突水的危险性进行综合评价,为底板突水的防治提供重要依据。     

加强多方位管理防止矿井突水事故

根据邵武煤矿防治水害的实际情况,就如何做好矿井防突水事故,通过从制度、内业到现场、技术、培训等多方位的管理,有效地防止了矿井突水事故的发生.     

热水锅炉结垢的重要原因——水渣运动的探讨

热水锅炉中的水垢主要是由水渣转变来的,以三种炉型的结垢事故为例,分析和验证水渣运动对结垢的影响,为热水锅炉的设计、改造、运行、事故分析提供了一个新思路。提出水循环设计应考虑水渣运动的影响。     

一起WNS型燃气锅炉蒸汽带水事故的分析

通过对一台WNS型锅炉蒸汽带水事故的分析,提出解决此次事故的有效途径,力求避免同类事故再次发生。     

麻石水膜除尘器的改进

针对目前大量使用的麻石水膜除尘器的缺陷所带来的烟气带水导致风机腐蚀振动的现象,分析了其原因,提出了一种改进补救措施,经实际使用证明效果较好,降低了事故发生率,减少了原料消耗,具有一定的节能功效。     

风险分析在大坝水文安全评估中的应用研究

分析和评价了传统的大坝水文安全评估方法，详细探讨了基于风险分析和可接受风险水平的大坝水文安全评估方法，提出了考虑大坝事故概率和事故损失的水文风险估算公式，对大坝水文风险和安全度进行定量评估，并简要分析了风险评估中存在的一些难点问题。     

煤矿井下老空水的防治技术研究

根据事故致因理论,提出老空水能量意外释放模型,分析老空水害发生的要素,提出防止、查明采空区积水,探放采空区积水和采取隔离措施等老空水的防治技术,强化矿井老空水的防治工作.     

煤矿地质工作与防治水工作的融合

在煤矿开采工作中,水害事故是一种十分常见的现象,此类事故通常属于突发性事故,且有着严重的事故后果,不仅会对煤矿生产造成不利影响,还会严重威胁煤矿开采的安全,进而造成巨大的经济损失甚至人员伤亡。因此,在具体的煤矿采矿工作中,不仅需要做好地质勘查工作,还需要做好防治水工作,让这两项工作有机融合,以此来提升煤矿生产质量,保障生产安全。以沁水煤田一矿井为例,对各项勘探数据进行分析,提出煤矿地质工作与防治水工作融合的有效方法。希望所述内容可以为煤矿开采作业的安全顺利进行提供参考。     

煤矿防治水工作常见问题与解决对策

煤矿防治水是煤矿开采过程中的重点工作之一,加强煤矿防治水工作不仅有助于降低煤矿开采成本,还能确保煤矿开采的安全。目前,中国煤炭企业在防治水工作上遇到的主要问题有煤矿充水条件的探测不精准、水害无法得到有效预测、水害预警技术有待提高、水害的治理等。为此,从煤矿水害事故的原因入手,结合人工智能和信息化技术,探讨了如何改善现有防治水技术,加强安全控制,实现煤矿防治水的智能化。     

典型平原河网区突发性水污染预警

针对平原河网区突发性水污染事故的危害性,构建包含事故模拟模型和预警模型的突发性水污染快速预警体系。事故模拟模型由一维水动力水质模型和保守物质水质模型耦合而成,模拟污染物运移变化过程;事故预警模型基于模拟模型输出结果,综合四个预警指标量化污染事故产生的危害性影响。以宜兴河网为例,设置三种不同源强的情景方案,应用所建立的快速预警体系对各方案进行比较分析,结果表明,污染源排放强度与定量指标最大水质超标倍数正相关,与事故响应时间负相关;目标断面与事故源的距离和最大水质超标倍数负相关,与事故响应时间正相关;整体上源强越大或者目标断面距离事故源越近,预警级别越高。研究成果可为平原河网区水污染事故预警提供参考。     

电渣炉车间爆炸和窒息事故原因探讨及预防原则

爆炸是电渣炉车间破坏性最强的事故类型,电渣炉车间曾发生过惰性气体导致的窒息死亡较大事故。爆炸事故的直接原因是蒸汽爆炸,通过计算和理论分析描述了爆炸能量的主要来源。窒息事故的直接原因是机体缺氧,作业环境中惰性保护气体升高会导致氧含量和分压降低。分别从物的不安全状态、人的不安全行为和不良的作业环境三个方面探讨了电渣炉车间爆炸和窒息发生的间接原因。最后提出了电渣炉车间爆炸和窒息事故预防和控制的原则。     

高压海底电缆锚害事故风险评估

[目的]锚害事故导致电缆受损断电将会造成较为严重的经济损失和社会影响,为降低海底电缆面临的锚害事故风险,提出了一种高压海底电缆锚害事故风险评估方法.[方法]根据事故发生的原因,将锚害事故分为抛锚事故和拖锚事故两种情况分别进行建模计算,并在单根电缆锚害风险研究的基础上,研究了多根电缆的锚害风险.[结果]根据模型计算结果,...     

Factors influencing the public intention to use renewable energy technologies in South Korea: Effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident

The Fukushima accident has influenced public attitudes toward energy sources and technologies, including not only nuclear energy, but also other energy sources. Therefore, it is worth investigating how the accident influenced public perceptions of renewable energy and its technologies, between the time before the accident and after the accident. This study aims to explore the effects of the Fukushima accident on the public perceptions of renewable energy technologies in South Korea, the closest nation to Japan. This study found that there were notable differences of public perceptions, including public attitudes, perceived benefits, trust, intention to use, knowledge and risks between before and after the earthquake. In addition, the perceived cost of renewable energy technologies was the primary determinant of the intention to use the technologies before the accident, whereas public attitudes toward the technologies became the main antecedents of the intention after the accident. After the accident, we found that there is a multi-dimensional matrix of perceived trust-benefits (with risks)-attitude-intention to use, in explaining the public acceptance of renewable energy technologies. Moreover, we found significant roles of the perceived trust, benefits and risks in the research model. Based on the empirical findings, both implications and suggestions are presented.     

Proposed model of potential accident process at hydrogen refueling stations based on multi-level variable weight fuzzy Petri net

Hydrogen is becoming more popular as a fuel for vehicles. It is stored and dispensed at hydrogen refueling stations. Once the hydrogen in hydrogen refueling stations leaks, it easily forms a combustible cloud, and can explode by encountering a spark. It is therefore important for the safe and stable operation of hydrogen refueling stations to analyze the evolution of a leakage and explosion accident, clarify the causes and processes of the accident, and prevent the spread of risks. This paper proposes a model using multi-level variable weight fuzzy Petri net. On the basis of hierarchical consideration of the development of the accident, it adds a variable weight factor, which can quantify information in the development of the accident. According to the calculated results, the evolutionary path of risk and the most likely initial cause of the accident are deduced. Finally, taking the leakage and explosion accident of an urban hydrogen refueling station as an example, the usability and effectiveness of the model are verified.     

Integrated framework for the external cost assessment of nuclear power plant accident considering risk aversion: The Korean case

Recently, the estimation of accident costs within the social costs of nuclear power plants (NPPs) has garnered substantial interest. In particular, the risk aversion behavior of the public toward an NPP accident is considered an important factor when integrating risk aversion into NPP accident cost. In this study, an integrated framework for the external cost assessment of NPP accident that measures the value of statistical life (VSL) and the relative risk aversion (RRA) coefficient for NPP accident based on an individual-level survey is proposed. To derive the willingness to pay and the RRA coefficient for NPP accident risks, a survey was conducted on a sample of 1550 individuals in Korea. The estimation obtained a mean VSL of USD 2.78 million and an RRA coefficient of 1.315. Based on the estimation results in which various cost factors were considered, a multiplication factor of 5.16 and an external cost of NPP accidents of 4.39E−03 USD-cents/kW h were estimated. This study is expected to provide insight to energy policy decision-makers on analyzing the economic validity of NPP compared to other energy sources by reflecting the estimated external cost of NPP accident into the unit electricity generation cost of NPP.     

核电厂严重事故仿真热工流体模型研究

严重事故研究的重点是严重事故的预防和防止，但通过试验研究是比较困难的。随着计算机的飞速发展．计算机仿真已经成为严重事故研究的一个重要手段。简单介绍了严重事故仿真平台，并给出了严重事故仿真中的热工流体模型。     

Oceanic diffusion of a severe accidental radionuclide release from a subsea nuclear power plant

Seabed siting of nuclear power plants could reduce significantly the safety problem posed by the severest accident, core melt followed by containment breach, in which a considerable portion of the radionuclide inventory is rapidly released to the environment. At 80 fathoms depth, in addition to a possible sizeable reduction of accident probabilities, the accident consequences to human life are likely to be greatly reduced because the most deadly components of the radioactive cloud from a land-based site will be dissolved for the seabed site. The present paper deals specifically with the oceanic diffusion of dissolved radionuclides following a severe accident (the specifications for the reference accident PWR-2 of WASH-1400 are taken) at a site chosen off the coast of San Diego, California.     

二代改进型核电厂严重事故后安全壳压力控制研究

安全壳做为核电厂的最后一道安全屏障,事故后起着包容放射性产物,保护公众和环境免受辐射危害的重要作用。采用一体化严重事故分析程序建立了二代改进型核电厂田湾5 & 6号机组的模型,考虑了不同的安全壳压力控制系统,对典型事故序列下安全壳内压力变化进行了分析,给出了严重事故后的安全壳压力控制手段。研究结果对二代改进型核电厂严重事故缓解提供了参考。