细晶钢焊接热影响区晶粒长大及组织转变

分析了细晶钢的晶粒长大现象及其影响因素，讨论了ＨＡＺ的组织转变及其影响因素，提出了防止上贝氏体Ｂｕ和Ｍ－Ａ组元形成的有效控制措施。     

析出强化超细晶粒钢焊接热影响区粗晶区的组织和性能

为研究焊接对800 MPa级Ti、Nb复合微合金化析出强化超细晶粒钢组织性能的影响.运用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机,对实验钢进行单道次焊接热循环试验,并研究冷却速度、冷却时间t8/5对焊接热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)组织、性能的影响.结果表明:冷却速度5~15℃/s,CGHAZ的组织为贝氏体,冷却速度进一步增大,会出现马氏体.随着冷却时间t8/5的增加,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增加,硬度值逐渐降低,冲击韧性先上升后下降.t8/5为20~120 s时,CGHAZ显微硬度(223~250.4 HV)均小于母材的显微硬度(270.6 HV),出现软化现象,t8/5为20 s时,冲击吸收功最高,为18.2 J,但仅有母材的25.3%.经历焊接热循环后,奥氏体晶粒粗化以及CGHAZ出现贝氏体组织是导致脆化的主要原因.     

超级钢细晶轧制过程中再结晶及γ晶粒尺寸的模拟计算

建立了低碳钢和HSLA钢热变形过程中动态，亚动态及静态再结晶的数学模型，描述了板带热连轧过程中奥氏体晶粒尺寸演变和再结晶行为，讨论了轧制规程和钢种成分对再结晶动力学和奥氏体晶粒细化的影响，结果表明；在400MPa超级钢轧制工艺条件下，奥氏体动态再结晶主要发生在温度较高的粗轧阶段，而静态及亚动态再结晶在粗轧及精轧前几道次发生的非常充分，在精轧后几道次很难充分发生；奥氏体晶粒最终尺寸随着终轧温度的降低而减少，并且HSLA钢和C-Mn钢相比，相同的轧制工艺和温度制度下，前者奥氏体晶粒要更细一些；模型的计算结果与实测值进行对比吻合良好。     

超级钢焊接温度场的数值模拟

针对等离子焊接方法,选择适当的热源模式,利用Fortran语言编制热源模式程序,根据温度场的数学模型,利用工程模拟软件MSC．marc对超级钢焊接温度场进行数值模拟并进行温度场分析,模拟结果与实验结果对比表明模拟结果基本准确。     

1 200 MPa级HSLA钢的SH-CCT曲线及其热影响区组织与性能

为在工程应用中对焊接工艺的合理选取与制定提供理论和试验依据,采用焊接热模拟技术研究了800~500℃冷却时间(t8/5)对1 200 MPa级低合金高强钢焊接热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明:t8/5为6~20 s时,该钢热影响区的粗晶区组织为板条马氏体,硬度为477~456 HV5;随着冷却时间的延长,组织中开始出现板条贝氏体,在t8/5为60 s时硬度下降到380 HV5;当t8/5为60~600 s时,粗晶区组织为板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体,硬度为380~300 HV5;t8/5600 s时粗晶区组织主要为粒状贝氏体,硬度为300~315 HV5.试验钢碳当量为0.626%,冷裂纹敏感系数为0.335%,说明其淬硬倾向较大,焊接热影响区容易产生裂纹.     

石油储罐钢焊接热影响区模拟研究

采用焊接热模拟技术,研究不同焊接热输入条件下焊接热循环对石油储罐钢焊接热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)的组织和性能的影响.结果表明:实验钢在80～100kJ/cm的大热输入下,热影响区仍能够保持良好的低温韧性;随着焊接热输入的增加,实验钢CGHAZ组织变粗大,低温冲击功下降;钢中弥散分布着大量细小TiN粒子,在焊接热循环中...     

10CrNi3MoV钢焊接热影响区组织和晶粒度研究

采用焊接热模拟技术研究了590MPa级船用高强度结构钢焊接热影响区组织和晶粒度的变化规律．研究结果表明：10CrNi3MoV钢热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)经峰值温度在临界相变点Ac1和Ac3温度范围二次热循环后，具有粗大组织或粗大晶粒遗传现象．焊接线能量(t8/5时间)对粗大晶粒遗传没有影响，但对粗大组织遗传具有显著影响．当t8/5较小时，能够产生粗大组织遗传．当t8/5较大时，仅仅产生粗大晶粒遗传．并且，随着t8/5值增加，产生粗大组织遗传的温度区间减小。     

超细晶粒钢的疲劳性能

采用常规疲劳试验方法分别对400MPa级和500MPa级两种热轧态超细晶粒钢进行了疲劳试验,分析了这两种超细晶粒钢的疲劳性能,并研究了超细晶粒钢疲劳裂纹萌生的机制。结果表明：由于500MPa级超细晶粒钢的晶粒尺寸相比400MPa级钢的更细小,因此其疲劳性能优于400MPa级钢的;在应力比R=-1、正弦波加载、循环周次基数N=5×10^6次的条件下,500MPa级和400MPa级超细晶粒钢的条件疲劳强度分别为270MPa和220MPa;两种超细晶粒钢的疲劳裂纹均在试样表面形核,且呈单源特征。     

铁素体不锈钢焊接HAZ的晶粒长大模型

用物理模拟方法研究了铁素体不锈钢EB26－1焊接热影响区HAZ的晶粒长大,通过在不同规范下的等温晶粒长大物理模拟与分析,并结合焊接试验,建立了HAZ晶粒长大的模型,该模型成功地将Arrhenius公式用于热影响区晶粒长大计算,给出了焊接HAZ存在很陡的温度梯度对晶粒大长起阻碍作用的热钉扎效应,为选择合适的焊接规范和计算机模拟提供了依据。     

日本关于超细晶粒钢制备与焊接新工艺的研究进展

介绍了日本3家公司的3种不同超细晶粒钢制备工艺,以及两项于2002年获得日本溶接学会奖励的超细晶粒钢焊接新技术.     

Microstructures of an Ultrafine Grained SS400 Steel in an Industrial Scale

The microstructures of a SS400 steel after thermomechanical control process（TMCP） in an industrial production were observed by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope（SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM）.The results indicated that the size of ferrite grains was 4-5μm,and transmission of ferrite was around 70%.The types of the ultrafine ferrite grains were analyzed and the strengthening mechanisms were discussed.The results show that the ultrafine ferrite grains came from three processes,i.e.deformation induced ferrite transformation（DIFT）.dynamic recrystallization of ferrite and accelerated cooling process.The increase in the strength of the material was mainly due to the grain refining.     

高碳钢奥氏体晶粒长大的预测

借助于高温共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)、透射电镜(TEM)研究含Ti钢和无Ti钢的奥氏体晶粒长大行为。试样在1123~1473K之间保温60min时测量一系列温度下不同保温时间的奥氏体晶粒尺寸。结果表明:两种钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸随着温度的上升而增大;另外,两种钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸随时间的延长而长大,并符合抛物线方程。并且,观察到了第二相粒子,用第二相粒子的熟化公式和体积公式分别计算两种钢的含Ti粒子尺寸与体积分数。同时,采用修正的Gladman公式预测两种钢的奥氏体晶粒长大,实验结果和预测结果吻合较好。     

Effect of Strain Rate on the Ferrite Grain Refinement in a Low Carbon Nb-Ti Microalloyed Steel during Low Temperature Deformation

1. IntroductionThe thermomechanical controlled processing(TMCP) of microalloyed steels has been employed fosome times in the production of plates and sheet material to optimize mechanical properties. The centrafeature of thermomechanically processed steel is the ul-trafine grain size in the final product. Therefore, theferrite grain refinement of structural steels has attractedconsiderable interest from engineering scientists due toits unique role of increasing both strength and toughnessDem…     

The Study on 400 MPa Class Plain Carbon Structure Steel

New generation of structure steel has been developed to meet the uninterruptedly increasing needs of the economic construction and development of society, and such material is characterized by ultra-fine grain. In this paper, 400MPa class plain carbon structure steel has been studied, making its yield strength doubled and service life doubled on the basis of good comprehensive properties in large quantity utilization. The deformation behavior and the stain induced transformation of SS400 steel at different temperature were investigated in the laboratory, and the industrial rolling test was carried out in 2 050mm HSM of Baosteel. Not only the laboratory studies but also the industrial test show that the technical route of the experimentis correct and the industrial test results on the basis of low carbon plain steel indicate that the grain size of ferrite was near to 4 ～ 5 μm, elongation was more than 30% , impact property was good, the yield strength can reach 400 MPa.     

Analytical Investigation of Prior Austenite Grain Size Dependence of Low Temperature Toughness in Steel Weld Metal

Prior austenite grain size dependence of the low temperature impact toughness has been addressed in the bainitic weld metals by in situ observations.Usually,decreasing the grain size is the only approach by which both the strength and the toughness of a steel are increased.However,low carbon bainitic steel with small grain size shows a weakening of the low temperature impact toughness in this study.By direct tracking of the morphological evolution during phase transformation,it is found that large austenite grain size dominates the nucleation of intragranular acicular ferrite,whereas small austenite grain size leads to grain boundary nucleation of bainite.This kinetics information will contribute to meet the increasing low temperature toughness requirement of weld metals for the storage tanks and offshore structures.     

Effects of Carbon on the CG HAZ Toughness and Transformation of X80 Pipeline Steel

X80 pipeline steel produced by TMCP has high strength and high toughness with ultrafine grain microstructure. The microstructure coarsens and the toughness worsens at the coarse grained (CG) HAZ apparently after weld simulation. The experimental results indicated that the bainitic ferrite and the second phases formed at cooling are differently as the variation of carbon in base metal. In low carbon steels, the bainitic ferrite laths are long and narrow, the second phases are complex including residual austenite, martensite, the M-A constituent and the Fe3C carbide. The formation of Fe3C carbide is the main reason of the poor toughness in CG HAZ. The ultralow carbon in base metal, however, can improve the CG HAZ toughness through restraining the formation of carbides, decreasing the M-A constituent, increasing the residual austenite content, which are beneficial to the CG HAZ toughness.     

Mechanical Properties and Temper Resistance of Deformation Induced Ferrite in a Low Carbon Steel

The microstructures and mechanical properties of deformation induced ferrite(DIF) in the low carbon steel Q235 under different deformation temperatures have been investigated systematically.Through deformation induced ferrite transformation(DIFT),ferrite grain can be refined to 3 μm and accounts for above 85% of the overall fraction.Yield strength of DIF(>500 MPa) is increased by up to 100% compared with the conventional low carbon steel.Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties in the Q235 ste...     

Effect of Mg Addition on the Ferrite Grain Boundaries Misorientation in HAZ of Low Carbon Steels

The relation between the Mg treatment and ferrite grain boundaries misorientation was investigated.The orientation imaging microscopy technique based on electron backscattered diffraction technique(EBSD) was used in this work.It was found that the addition of 0.005 wt% Mg to the steel could evidently increase the ratio of acicular ferrite crystals appearing at large angles boundaries to each other,which was attributed to the nucleation of the second-phase particles by the Mg treatment.The EBSD techniques provide a powerful method to characterize and quantify the ferrite grain boundaries misorientation,in order to relate it to toughness.     

Effect of Grain Size on the Weldability of Cast Alloy 718

Electron beam welding was conducted on cast alloy 718 with varying grain sizes obtained using Microcast (MX™) and conventional cast (CC) techniques. The average value per section of Total Crack Length (Av. TCL) was measured on each cross section and used to represent the material's weldability. It was found for the first time that the grain size had a reduced effect on the weldability of cast alloys, relative to that reported in the literature for wrought alloys; i.e., increased grain size in the range of 90-3000 microns resulted in improved weldability. This was determined to be related to the probability of welds intersecting grain boundaries and causing grain boundary microfissuring. The conclusion from the experimental analysis is corroborated by the use of a Weibull-type analysis to evaluate the probability of a weld microfissure occurring relative to the grain size. As grain size increases, the probability of the weld intersecting the grains is reduced, and thus, the likelihood of microfissuring is reduced. With regard to a single crystal, there are no grain boundaries intercepting the weld (probability = 0), and thus, microfissuring related to constitutional liquation of primary carbides, or segregation of species to grain boundaries would not occur.