日本开发出微细晶粒热轧钢板

日本中山制钢公司通过钢晶粒细化 ,开发出材质特性飞跃提高的微细晶粒热轧钢板 (细晶粒钢 ) ,并已开始正式生产。在炼钢工序不进行成分调整 ,通过高压下量轧制和强冷制造结晶粒径 2～ 5 μm的细晶钢尚属世界首创。由此 ,同一成分的热轧钢板可具有高的强度和高的韧性 ,并具有高的焊接性和疲劳强度。第 1阶段进行抗拉强度5 0 0～ 60 0MPa级的商品化生产 ,然后将进一步开发更高强度级别的产品。通过钢晶粒微细化提高钢材的特性已获得金属研究者的确认。一般通过成分和温度控制进行材质改善 ,通过控制晶粒实现材质改善则是大的技术革新。2 0 0 …     

超细晶粒钢热轧生产工艺研究

根据攀钢热轧板厂工艺设备现状，以Q235钢为研究对象，通过理论分析和现场试验，摸索出了超细晶粒钢的热轧工艺，使晶粒细化至4～5μm，σaσb均提高100MPa左右，提高了产品的综合性能，实现了在攀钢1450mm普通热轧机上生产超细晶粒钢的技术创新。     

细化晶粒降低热轧光圆钢筋HPB300合金成分实践

晶粒细化是既能提高钢材强度又能提高钢材韧性的有效方法,能在不增加合金含量的基础上,大幅度提高钢材的性能,是新一代钢铁生产技术的重要发展方向。文章介绍了通过控轧控冷工艺手段达到细化晶粒效果,用以实现不增加热轧光圆钢筋合金成分的基础上,提高钢材性能并节约成本的方法:在线材车间进行HPB300光圆钢筋试验,经过控制控冷工艺,得到细晶组织,轧材各项性能都符合GB1499.1—2008《钢筋混凝土用钢第1部分:热轧光圆钢筋》标准要求。     

400MPa级超细晶粒钢筋闪光对焊的组织及性能

400MPa级超细晶粒钢筋是通过形变诱导形核及控轧控冷技术，生成微米级铁素体，从而提高钢的强度和韧性。本文结合焊接接头的微观金相观察和宏观性能试验，对400MPa级超细晶粒钢闪光焊的适应性进行了研究。钢筋闪光焊接头具有良好的力学性能，接头HAZ不存在明显软化。只在焊缝心部区域出现局部软化，但少许的局部软化并不影响整个接头的性能。闪光对焊对于400MPa级超细晶粒钢筋的焊接具有良好的适应性，可得到具有优良性能的焊接接头。     

HRB400级超细晶粒钢筋埋弧螺柱焊接头的组织与性能

结合焊接接头的微观金相试验和力学性能试验,对HRB400级超细晶粒钢筋埋孤螺柱焊的适应性进行了研究.试验结果表明:经过焊接热循环作用,虽然钢筋埋弧螺柱焊接头的热影响区晶粒明显粗化,但并无软化,焊接接头具有良好的力学性能.     

超级细晶粒钢的力学性能研究现状

近几年来,各国展开了对新一代超细晶粒钢的开发和研究,笔者对国内外有关超细晶粒钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度、疲劳性能等力学性能的研究成果和现状进行了总结。     

圆形挤压件多道次等通道弯角挤压变形机理

采用数值模拟和实验研究方法分析圆形纯铝挤压件多道次等通道弯角挤压工艺,发现单道次挤压获得的挤压件的变形分布沿挤压件中心横截面竖直方向变形分布不均匀.通过节点映射法实现各工艺路线的多道次挤压,不同的工艺路线对应的多道次挤压变形分布具有明显差异.多道次挤压后晶粒得到显著细化,变形后晶粒结构较挤压前的退火等轴晶粒大为不同,而且各工艺路线的晶界取向也各不相同,其中旋转90.挤压能够获得大角度晶界分布的等轴晶粒试样,实验结果与有限元分析结果十分吻合.     

热轧工艺对20MnMoB钢奥氏体晶粒度的影响

研究了热轧工艺对20MnMoB钢奥氏体晶粒度的影响,结果表明,试验用钢的奥氏体晶粒粗化温度随压下率增大而降低,热轧温度对试验用钢的奥氏体晶粒粗化度影响较小。     

超级钢线材生产工艺研究及实践

为大幅度提高钢的强韧性,发展适应不同要求的品种,改善钢材质量,降低生产成本,在安钢高速线材轧机上进行了Φ8～Φ12mm超级钢线材的开发与试生产、通过调整化学成分,并采用控制轧制和控制冷却工艺,成功地开发了铁素体晶粒尺寸在6μm以下的HRB400超细晶粒钢筋盘条,并已批量生产。     

一种超细精钢的生产工艺

本发明公开了一种超细精钢的生产工艺。对马氏或以马氏体为基体的钢铁进行回火处理．然后对其塑性变形加工．再经退火处理来细化铁素体晶粒，得到超细精钢。本发明能够生产强度高、韧性好的超细精钢，并且生产成本低，可节省50％左右的钢材。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.