结构参数对螺旋槽管传热与阻力性能影响的研究

利用计算流体动力学方法,研究了不同雷诺数下,几何尺寸对螺旋槽管传热及阻力性能的影响,结果表明,螺旋槽管在凸肋部前后产生了二次涡流,由螺旋形槽道形成的旋流都对边界层形成了扰动,传热性能得到了提高,同时也增加了阻力.在雷诺数相同时,槽越深,换热性能越好.同时流动阻力也有所增大;螺距、槽半径越大,换热效果降低,流动阻力也随之...     

船用绕管式LNG气化器方案对比

针对用在LNG动力船上的供气系统,在给定的低压供气条件下,分别以丙烷和50%浓度的乙二醇水溶液作为中间换热介质,整理适合绕管式换热器的螺旋管传热关联式和壳程传热关联式,使用MATLAB编程计算绕管式LNG气化器的换热面积和换热管长,结合工程实践,讨论使用两级换热器时管长和换热面积的分配情况。HYSYS模拟结果表明,当管内LNG的流动换热状态一样时,所需水乙二醇的质量流量是丙烷的10倍。丙烷发生相变,气态丙烷在绕管式换热器管外的流速变化很大,在出口达到1.7 m/s,换热器所需承压能力较高,水乙二醇在壳程流速仅0.2 m/s左右。分为两级换热器时,气化级换热器的换热面积和换热管长小于加热级的12.7%,当选择两级尺寸相同时,会浪费至少80%的换热面积。     

窄缝环形管内流动与传热实验研究Ⅰ.单相强制流动换热

对垂直窄缝 (窄缝尺寸规格分 1、1 5和 2 5mm 3种 )环形管内氟 1 1 3单相受迫对流换热进行了研究 ,环缝的加热方式采用热水逆流双面加热。详细介绍了实验装置、过程和方法。实验结果表明 ,窄缝环形管内单相流动换热的Nu数与普通圆管内层流公式计算值相差较大 ,不能套用传统的单相流动换热模型来计算管内的对流换热系数。根据实验数据 ,将修正的Dittus Boelter公式用于计算窄缝环形管内的Nu数 ,平均误差在 1 8 6%以内。     

垂直管内液固并流向上传热特性的研究及其应用

采用河砂与水作试验介质，研究了垂直管内液固两相并流向上的传热和阻力特性。实验结果表明，垂直管内液固两相并流向上具有特殊的流阻特性和较强的传热作用。     

非牛顿流体在搅拌槽内的传热

基于搅拌桨旋转扭矩和搅拌槽内所有壁面的平均扭矩近似相等的关系,引入流况系数,提出了计算非牛顿流体表观粘度的剪切速率模型.并对内蛇管、外蛇管和直管以及不同几何尺寸的MIG、透平、三叶后掠式、板式、锚和半椭圆片桨组成的多种搅拌体系,用该模型关联夹套侧和冷却管侧的给热系数,分别得到了统一不同几何尺寸搅拌桨的给热系数关联式.该模型适用于不同冷却构件.不同类型、不同几何尺寸的搅拌桨、过渡域和湍流域以及夹套侧和冷却管侧的非牛顿流体给热系数关联.另外,对多种剪切速率模型进行了比较和讨论.     

Models and calculations of the effectiveness of gas and liquid cooling in foam and film apparatuses

An approach to determining the temperature profiles and effectiveness of gas and liquid cooling in the developed turbulent bubbling layer on trays in column apparatuses and film blocks of cooling towers has been considered. The approach is based on models of the flow structure for two-phase media. Diffusion and cell models with bulk heat and mass sources are used. The solutions of the system of equations of these models for various special cases of heat exchange in gas–liquid media on trays and in the packings of cooling towers have been given. The results of calculations and a comparison with experimental data have been demonstrated.     

扭曲扁管在蒸发器中的运行特性实验研究

对扭曲扁管与普通直管在蒸发器工况下的传热、流动阻力和污垢特性进行了对比实验研究。实验采用45 mm×3 mm的普通直管和由同种直管制成的扭曲扁管,扭曲扁管导程St分别为450,550,650 mm。通过实验,研究了Re和St对各特性的影响。结果表明,在实验Re数条件下,管壁污垢热阻增长呈渐近线型特性,扭曲扁管渐近污垢热阻为直管的0.15—0.29倍,流动阻力系数为直管的1.48—1.63倍。实验还得出,实验扭曲扁管的强化传热作用随着St减小而增大,扭曲扁管的传热系数在洁净状态下为直管的1.29—1.51倍,在运行8 h后,由于扭曲扁管具有较强的抑垢作用,传热系数趋近为直管的1.96—2.79倍。     

Enhanced Heat Transfer Characteristics of Upward Flow Boiling of Kerosene in a Vertical Spirally Internally Ribbed Tube

Experiments of upward flow boiling of kerosene in a vertical spirally internally ribbed tube and a vertical smooth tube were conducted, respectively, in the present study. The spirally internally ribbed tube has an inner diameter of 11 mm (an equivalent inner diameter of 11.6 mm) and an outer diameter of 22 mm. The smooth tube has an inner diameter of 15 mm and an outer diameter of 19 mm. The test tubes were uniformly heated by passing an electrical current along the tubes with an available heated length of 2500 mm. At the outlet of the test section, the experimental pressure was 3 bars. The experimental heat flux ranged from 28.5 to 93.75 kW/m². The experimental mass flux was 410, 610, and 810 kg/m²s, respectively. Both local and average flow boiling heat transfer coefficients were measured in the test tubes. The enhanced heat transfer characteristics of the flow boiling of kerosene in the spirally internally ribbed tube are presented by comparing the experimental heat transfer coefficients with those obtained in the smooth tube. It shows that the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients in the spirally internally ribbed tube are 1.6 to 2 times greater than those in the smooth tube. The physical mechanisms of the enhanced heat transfer characteristics of flow boiling in the spirally internally ribbed tube are analyzed. According to the experimental data, an expression for the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of kerosene was found in terms of the Martinelli number for the spirally internally ribbed tube. The correlation is applicable to the design of heat exchange equipment, using the spirally internally ribbed tube as a heat transfer element under these test conditions.     

垂直管内高粘假塑性流体传热实验研究

对垂直管内高粘假塑性流体传热进行了实验研究,所得实验数据与前人工作做了比较,并建立了考虑轴向变粘度效应的传热关联式.     

Characteristics of a recuperative heat exchanger with a textile heat-transfer surface

The heat transfer coefficients in laminar flow of water in a recuperative heat exchanger with a textile heat-exchange surface were experimentally studied. The method of measurement is described and the experimental data are reported. It is shown that convective heat exchange as the liquid moves in the textile channels is significantly enhanced due to the discrete roughness of the fabric.     

Semitheoretical three-zone model of circulation of liquid in agitated apparatuses

The structure of flows and velocity profiles of a liquid in the mechanically agitated apparatuses in developed turbulence modes have been analyzed. The procedure for calculating nonstationary temperature fields has been developed. The adequacy of the model has been validated on the prototype of the apparatus equipped with a standard three-wing stirrer. The application of the developed model to optimizing stirring has been illustrated.     

Flow pattern in horizontal and vertical two phase flow in small diameter pipes

New data on flow pattern transition for gas liquid flow in small diameter tubes (4 to 12 mm) is presented. The experimental results are compared with previously published models for horizontal and vertical flows considered to be valid for medium and large diameter pipes. The effect of surface tension which might be expected to be important in small diameter pipe flow has been found to affect only the stratified-slug transition in horizontal flow. A modification to the model to include this effect is proposed.     

含固体粒子旋转流强化流体传热的实验及模拟研究

针对管内除垢与防垢及强化传热问题,对工程上应用较广的扭曲管、扭带管中旋流场内低浓度液固流场综合性能进行实验及模拟研究. 结果表明,含粒子旋流场可提高流体湍流强度,与圆管相比,扭曲管和内插扭带圆管均有较好的旋流效果,相同Re下扭曲管的换热系数提高18.7%~30.1%,阻力系数提高13.1%~181.8%,综合性能评价因子平均提高15.5%,高于圆管和扭带管;而扭带管的换热系数比圆管提高5.6%~32.9%,阻力系数最高. 对扭曲管内粒子传热性能进一步优化,模拟值与实验值的误差为10.7%~12%. 旋流作用有利于提高液固流场的综合性能,但较高流速下该综合性能则逐渐降低.     

扭带结构影响管内传热与熵产的研究进展

随着工业技术不断发展,传统换热管的传热方式已经无法满足高热流密度下的热量输运要求。扭带插入物是一种能够有效提高换热管传热效率的强化传热元件,以其结构简单、加工容易的特点受到了很多学者的关注和研究。管内流体的传热性能及熵产往往作为评价换热管性能的重要参数,因此扭带结构与流动工质对这些参数的影响成为近年来研究的重点。本文主要综述了近十年来不同结构扭带对管内传热与熵产影响的研究进展。首先,将文献中研究的扭带按照几何结构进行分类,阐述和分析了不同类型扭带对换热管的传热、熵产以及综合性能的影响,试图找出几何结构与换热管传热性能以及熵产之间的联系。其次,介绍了扭带与纳米流体复合传热技术的研究进展。最后,归纳了研究人员为达到传热性能最大化以及熵产最小化而建立的传热和熵产模型,并对模型的优缺点进行了评价。     

Extension of the Rapid Design Algorithm for Twisted‐Tube Evaporative Fluid Coolers

The thermal analysis performance of evaporative fluid coolers (EFCs) is improved by replacing plain tubes by twisted oblong tubes. Results of the system are assessed by a rapid design algorithm (RDA) and compared to conventional plain‐tube EFCs and other traditional algorithms including the effectiveness number of transfer units (?‐NTU). Based on the RDA, a relationship between heat transfer coefficients, pressure drops, heat transfer area, and mass transfer coefficient is derived. Using the maximum allowable pressure drops in this algorithm, the minimum required heat transfer area can be determined. The algorithm is validated by comparing the plain‐tube EFC design with twisted‐tube design. The RDA‐designed EFCs with twisted tubes provide higher efficiency compared with the traditional designs with plain tubes in such that the new design needs a lower heat transfer area for a given heat load.     

The rate of heat transfer of seawater and NaCl solutions under conditions of one- and two-phase flow in tubes

The rate of heat transfer in softened Caspian seawater, its concentrates and NaCl solutions for rising motion of liquid in vertical tubes has been investigated under pressures of 5 to 220 bars and full salinity of 0 to 220 g/l. Conditions of convective heat transfer, boiling of subheated liquid and two-phase flow regimes have been investigated establishing the dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on solution concentration and regime parameters for each process.     

带有中间分液结构的管壳式冷凝器实验研究

对于管内凝结而言,为保持蒸汽在换热管进口段的高效换热状态而进行中间分液,改变气液两相流的流型,以保持相对较高的换热系数是"短管效应"理论的技术举措。结合传统冷凝器的结构,本文设计了一种用于实验研究的气液分离卧式管壳式水冷冷凝器。通过布置在冷凝器两端分程隔板处的不同直径和数量的分液管来观察其换热效果,并与传统冷凝器进行整体换热系数、出口冷凝液温度及压力损失三方面的实验对比。结果表明:具有不同直径和数量的分液管的冷凝器具有相似的热力性能;具有不同直径和数量的分液管的冷凝器整体换热系数比传统冷凝器要高,出口冷凝液温度比传统冷凝器要低,且具有较小的压力损失;在测试工况下,右侧开启1个0.5mm、1个1mm,左侧开启2个1mm、1个0.5mm分液管的冷凝器表现出较好的综合换热性能。     

气-固循环流化床换热器的传热性能与压降

为强化气相换热,将流化床换热防垢节能技术和气相换热过程相结合,设计并构建了一套气-固循环流化床换热装置.以空气和玻璃珠颗粒作为工质,利用热电阻和差压传感器,系统地考察了颗粒加入量、空气流量和热通量等操作参数对于其传热性能和压降的影响.研究结果表明,玻璃珠颗粒的加入可以明显地强化气相的传热.实验范围内,最大的传热增强因子...     

一种新型变截面换热管强化传热性能

针对工程中广泛存在的管内层流换热传热系数低的问题进行了强化传热研究,并在传热强化理论的指导下,开发了一种新型变截面换热管。分别建立不同参数下的新型变截面换热管和普通圆管模型,采用大型CFD分析软件FLUENT借助数值模拟的方法,研究新型变截面换热管结构对管内层流换热的影响。研究结果表明,该新型变截面换热管在层流情况下可较大程度地强化管内换热,而其流阻增加较小,具有良好的综合强化传热性能。在本文研究的范围内,变截面换热管的Nu和η均随L₁/d_i或L₂/d_i的减小而增大,且η>2.22。计算结果为强化管内层流换热提供了一定的指导和理论依据。     

圆弧切线波纹换热管内流动与传热性能的数值模拟

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