气雾控制冷却技术在H型钢生产中的应用

因产能增加,冷床能力不足,导致产品表面锈蚀严重,力学性能低。设计采用了气雾冷却的方式对H型钢轧后进行控制冷却,实现了轧件在精轧后短时间内大幅度降温,轧件表面锈蚀减少,表面质量提高,轧件组织细化,强度平均提高21MPa,断面性能均匀。     

TMCP工艺对Si--Mn系贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响

研究了轧后中温缓慢冷却与中温等温两种不同的热机械控制工艺(thermomechanical control process,TMCP)对硅锰系贝氏体钢的组织与性能的影响.通过拉伸试验机测试试验钢的力学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射等分析手段对试验钢进行显微组织结构分析,并利用X射线衍射测定残余奥氏体含量.结果表明:随着轧后连续缓慢冷却开始温度的升高,贝氏体钢的抗拉强度、硬度及拉伸应变硬化指数n值有所提高,伸长率和冲击韧性降低,屈强比先降低后升高.随着轧后等温时间的延长,贝氏体钢的抗拉强度与屈强比先降低后升高,伸长率及冲击韧性先升高后降低.相对于等温制度,连续缓慢冷却可得到更好的综合力学性能,强塑积明显高于前者,伸长率比前者高20%以上.      

400 MPa级抗震盘螺生产工艺研究

在少量添加和不添加钒的两种成分条件下,采用低温轧制和快速冷却的工艺试制了HRB400E抗震盘螺。对试制产品进行了力学性能和高倍组织的检验。试制结果表明:加钒盘螺屈服强度在430~455 MPa范围内,未加钒盘螺屈服强度在410~430MPa范围内,综合力学性能良好,盘螺金相组织主要为铁素体和珠光体,完全能够满足抗震钢筋的要求。     

Influence of Controlled Rolling and Cooling Process on the Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Cold Forging Steel

In the present paper,controlled rolling and cooling processing was conducted by using a laboratory hot rolling mill.The influence of different processing parameters on the mechanical properties of low carbon cold forging steel was investigated.The results show that the faster cooling after the deformation (especially in low temperature rolling conditions) leads to the refinement of the ferrite grain.The specimen exhibits very good mechanical properties owing to the finer ferrite grains.The pearlite morphologies can also affect the mechanical properties of low carbon cold forging steel.The mechanical properties increase with decreasing final cooling temperature within the range from 650℃ to 570 ℃ due to the finer interlamellar spacing of pearlite colony.The mechanical properties of the specimens with fast cooling after the conventional rolling are not only better than those of the specimens with slow cooling after low temperature rolling,but also almost similar to those of the specimens with fast cooling after low temperature rolling.It is suggested that fast cooling after high temperature rolling (the conventional rolling) process would be of important industrial value.     

轧制压下量对低碳超细晶粒钢Q235B组织及性能的影响

低碳钢Q235B奥氏体化后淬火得到马氏体组织,然后在室温下进行多道次轧制,总压下量分别为50%与70%,随后在500～650℃退火2 min制备低碳超细晶粒钢,研究轧制压下量对超细晶粒钢组织及性能的影响。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察显微组织演变,用能谱仪分析析出物颗粒化学成分,在Instron-5969拉伸试验机上进行拉伸实验。结果表明,冷轧+退火马氏体起始组织可以制备超细晶钢,强度相比原始钢强度提高近一倍。此外,随着压下量的增加,再结晶温度降低,渗碳体颗粒易长大,不利于超细晶钢机械性能的提高。相同退火工艺下,压下量增加,铁素体晶粒及渗碳体尺寸长大,其综合机械性能降低。     

Microstructure–mechanical property relationship in hot-rolled high-Al-low-Si dual-phase steel

In this study, the effect of finish rolling temperature and coiling temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-Al-low-Si dual-phase (DP) steels is explored. Two different finish rolling temperatures (850 and 790°C) and three different coiling temperatures (200, 250 and 300°C) were studied. The results indicated that all the different processing conditions led to ferrite-martensite DP microstructure. With the decrease in finish rolling temperature, the volume fraction of ferrite was increased and martensite content was decreased. When the coiling temperature was increased to 300°C, autotempered martensite was obtained, which led to the softening of martensite and decrease in tensile strength and strain hardening ability, but higher post-necking elongation. Moreover, the nanoscale Nb-based carbides played a crucial role in refining the microstructure of hot-rolled high-Al-low-Si DP steel. EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction) analysis revealed that the ferrite grains were fine, and decrease in finish rolling temperature and coiling temperature led to an increase in low-angle boundaries. When the finish rolling temperature was decreased to 790°C and coiling temperature was decreased to 200°C, the steel had excellent mechanical properties with tensile strength of 885?MPa, uniform and total elongation of 16.0 and 25.94%, respectively, and the product of tensile strength and total elongation was 20?264?MPa%. The improvement of strength and plasticity can be attributed to the fraction of ferrite and martensite, precipitation of NbC, fine microstructure.     

Investigation of Decarburization in Spring Steel Production Process – Part I: Experiments

Decarburization and oxidation have considerable influence on the product properties of spring steels. The investigations in part I of this paper concentrate on the experimental determination of the influence of different thermal cycles on the decarburization process. With the thermo‐mechanical simulator Gleeble 1500, the influence of different process parameters, such as the time between furnace reheating and hot rolling, the hot rolling temperature, finish rolling temperature, laying temperature, and the α→γ phase transformation temperature range, is systematically investigated. In part II of this paper [15], numerical simulation techniques are applied to simulate the decarburization behavior under the experimental conditions, which are described in the present part I.     

Effects of TMCP Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb-Bearing Spring Steel

The effects of TMCP parameters,such as finish rolling temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-bearing spring steel were investigated by thermal simulation,quantitative metallography and tensile test.And the precipitation in Nb-bearing spring steel was analysis by electron microscopy.Experimental results indicate that the higher finish rolling temperature or the more rapid cooling rate in a given range,the less the proeutectoid ferrite content and the thinner the interlamellar spacing is.Reasonably higher finish rolling temperature followed by properly higher cooling rate is suggested to improve the mechanical properties of Nb-bearing spring steel.Micro-addition of niobium decreases the proeutectoid ferrite content and the interlamellar spacing and leads to forming degenerated pearlite.The precipitation of size range ～20-50 nm in Nb-bearing spring steel occurred at the lamellar ferrite of pearlite and the proeutectoid ferrite.     

Effects of TMCP Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Economical Dual Phase Steel in CSP

 Effects of chemical compositions, finish rolling temperature, isothermal temperature on runout table and coiling temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of economical dual phase steel produced on CSP line were investigated. Experimental results showed that martensite volume fraction could be enhanced and banding microstructure could be reduced by controlling Mn, Si contents and applying proper finish rolling temperature. Optimized processing-parameters were obtained for DP580 production on CSP line of Wuhan Iron and Steel (group) Co (WISCO) in China. Optimal microstructure and mechanical properties could be achieved when the strip was finished rolling at the range of 790 to 830 ℃, isothermally holding at 680 to 740 ℃ and coiling below 250 ℃.     

Microstructures developed during thermomechanical treatment of HSLA steels

One purpose of thermomechanical treatment of steels, for example the control rolling of plate, is to produce the finest uniform microstructure in the product to optimize its strength and toughness. To achieve this end requires control of the structual changes that occur during reheating, high-temperature (roughing) deformation, lower temperature (finishing) deformation, and austenite transformation. A study has been made of the effects of the deformation processing variables on the microstructural changes that occur in high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels in the temperature ranges in which complete, partial, or no recrystallization occurs. The experimental technique comprised a sequence of plane-strain compressions of specimens being cooled at rates controlled to simulate the rate of cooling of slabs being rolled to plates. The results show that in the complete recrystallization range a fixed pass schedule refines the initial grain sizes in steels of a wide range of compositions and initial grain sizes to about the same final size; the final recrystallized grain size decreases with deformation temperature (within the complete recrystallization range), increasing strain rate, and increasing draft,i.e., with any deformation parameter that increases flow stress; the solute content and initial grain size, which are fixed by reheat temperature, control the temperature at which complete recrystallization stops during hot rolling. Deformation in the “partial recrystallization” range causes duplexing in the austenite that cannot be removed by subsequent rolling, consequently rolling in this range should be avoided. During finishing, the height of the flattened austenite grains decreases with increasing finishing reduction, but at a rate less than the rate of decrease of specimen height, indicating that some recovery is occuring. The grain diameter of the ferrite formed from fine, elongated austenite is about half the austenite grain-boundary separation (measured in the throughthickness direction) indicating that the elongated boundaries are the primary nucleation sites for ferrite.     

控轧控冷工艺对低合金高强度钢Q550力学性能的影响

在工业试制条件下,通过控制终轧温度和轧后冷却速度,研究了控制轧制和控制冷却对低合金高强度钢Q550力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：控制终轧温度在780～850℃范围内可以明显改善Q550钢力学性能;采用轧后冷却的方法,可以显著细化Q550钢的铁素体晶粒,提高其强韧性能。     

HSMM软件在攀枝花钢铁公司热轧板厂的应用

 热带轧制模型(HSMM)是在美国十几家钢铁企业、北美金属协会及美国能源部的资助下经过长时间开发的软件,该软件可分析热轧过程的力能参数、温度变化、板形以及预测钢板的组织、性能。为了验证模型的精确性,该模型首次在中国针对攀枝花钢铁公司热轧板厂的具体情况分析了3个钢种,这里介绍Q235钢的分析结果。经过修正的轧制力和温度的预测值与在线系统的实测值基本吻合,力学性能的预测值与实测值的误差不大。同时该软件还分析了板形,并提出解决办法。     

Finite Element Modelling and Laboratory Simulation of High Speed Wire Rod Rolling in 3‐Roll Stands

Modern wire rod rolling is characterized by high finish rolling speed and requirements on close tolerances and well defined mechanical properties of the rolled product. In some senses the technological development has run in advance of the scientific knowledge of the phenomena involved in the process. Thus at present no laboratory mill is in operation for rolling speeds above 40 m/s. The modern technologies on thermomechanical rolling and sizing give certain phenomena difficult to handle for the mills, and especially finish rolling at low reductions and temperatures performed in three‐roll units sometimes give surprises on grain size distribution and allied properties of the wire rod. Traditional plastic analysis has proven not to be sufficient to analyse the processes involved in high speed rolling of close tolerance wire rod with well‐defined properties. Simulations by means of the Finite Element Method on the other hand have proven to be a powerful tool for this kind of analysis, even if the initial difficulties in creating a suitable model require certain care. Also the calculation capacity must be sufficient for making relevant three‐dimensional thermomechanically coupled studies. The high speed rolling of wire rod can be simulated under full‐scale conditions, and with correct boundary condition in the high‐speed laboratory wire rod mill at Örebro University. By utilizing both conventional two‐high stands and three‐roll units it has been possible to design a laboratory rolling mill for any rolling condition that can occur in wire rod mills. Rolling speeds up to 80 m/s can be combined with thermomechanical rolling in any interesting temperature range, and with total flexibility of reductions. Further, fundamental studies of high‐speed deformations can be performed in full‐scale and with correct frictional conditions and geometries. Thanks to the flexibility in layout and combinations with other equipment in the laboratory also other processes can be simulated.     

Development of a Technology for the Production of Tubes from Ni ― Mo Alloy Powder

Technology for the production of tubes from mixtures of nickel and molybdenum powders by hot pressing and cold rolling was developed. The operational parameters for hot pressing were determined and the engineering and mechanical properties of the tubes studied. The effect of annealing temperature on the mechanical properties of the hot-pressed metal was investigated. Regimes for cold rolling the hot-pressed tubes in rolling mills were determined. The rolled tubes were tested in accordance with the accepted specifications for alloy ÉP982. All tubes passed the engineering tests; the mechanical properties of the tube metal are superior to those of alloy ÉP982. The proposed technology is quite economical, the yield of satisfactory product is 80-85%.     

终轧温度对低合金铌钛贝氏体钢组织和性能的影响

 采用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、EDS能谱分析仪和拉伸冲击试验机,研究了终轧温度对TMCP(thermo-mechanical controlled processing)低合金铌钛贝氏体钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明：随着终轧温度的降低,强度和韧性先升高后降低。终轧温度为815 ℃时,由于冷却前温度已降低到奥氏体-铁素体两相区,在晶界形成大量先共析铁素体,造成了强度和韧性的下降。终轧温度为870 ℃时,得到细小的板条贝氏体＋少量的马氏体组织,在贝氏体板条上有30～50 nm的Nb、Ti析出相弥散分布,获得了最优异的性能,其屈服强度为805 MPa,抗拉强度为1 005 MPa,－20 ℃冲击功的平均值为197 J。     

终轧温度对09CuPTiRE耐腐蚀钢板组织和性能的影响

通过金相、电子探针观察和单向拉伸试验,对不同终轧温度的09CuPTiRE钢板的金相组织、夹杂物和力学性能进行了研究,结果表明:在一定范围内,随着终轧温度的增大,钢板组织的晶粒平均尺寸变小,低温横向冲击韧性得到一定程度的改善。稀土元素改善了硫化物形态,提高了钢板的低温横向冲击性能。济钢中板厂的现场设备条件完全能达到低温终轧的能力,使09CuPTiRE热轧钢板达到新铁标的要求。     

热轧窄带65Mn钢珠光体组织与性能的窄范围控制

为制定65Mn窄范围质量控制工艺参数,利用OM、SEM、拉伸试验机及洛氏硬度仪等,研究热轧窄带65Mn钢的终轧温度、终轧后冷速下以及卷取后冷速对珠光体组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在其他工艺参数相同的情况下,随着终轧温度的提高、终轧后冷却速率的减缓和卷取后冷却速率的加快,热轧窄带65Mn钢珠光体球团尺寸和片层间距不断增大、片层变厚、抗拉强度及硬度均逐渐降低,当终轧温度大于960℃、终轧后冷却速率小于5.58℃/s及卷取后冷却速率小于0.1℃/s时,其抗拉强度小于900 MPa。     

终轧温度对高氮奥氏体钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过加压冶炼、控制轧制方式获得氮质量分数为0.59%的Mn18Cr18N钢板,研究了终轧温度对高氮奥氏体钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在再结晶区轧制并且终轧温度为970 ℃的钢板,组织为奥氏体等轴晶和部分孪晶,强度较低,塑性、冲击韧性较好;终轧温度为910 ℃的钢板,大部分组织为变形奥氏体晶粒,有少量再结晶晶粒,随着终轧温度降低钢板强度升高,塑性和冲击韧性降低;在未再结晶区轧制并且终轧温度为780 ℃的钢板,组织为变形严重的奥氏体晶粒,强度最高,塑性、韧性最低。所有试验钢有晶界析出的Cr₂N相,降低终轧温度和减缓轧后冷却速度,会增加Cr₂N相的析出。     

TMCP工艺海洋平台用钢EQ51的开发

 通过研究轧制温度、冷却速度和终冷温度对显微组织和力学性能的影响,最终确定了EQ51的最佳控轧控冷工艺参数。试验结果表明,当冷却速度不小于5 ℃/s时,有利于抑制多边形铁素体相变,促进针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体相变;为了避免两相区轧制出现混晶现象,终轧温度控制为790 ℃;终冷温度为570 ℃时,所得显微组织为针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体;经工业轧制的TMCP工艺EQ51钢板强韧性良好;当焊接输入线能量为50 kJ/cm时,焊接接头性能优异;落锤性能的[tNDT]为－55 ℃,满足船级社规范的低温韧性要求。开发的钢板获得了ABS船级社认证证书,并成功应用于某船厂自升式平台CJ50项目。     

Upgrade Rolling Based on Ultra Fast Cooling Technology for C-Mn Steel

By measuring the expansion curves of a C-Mn steel at different cooling rates by using an MMS-300 thermo- mechanical simulator, continuous cooling transformation curves were obtained. The new process ＂ultra fast cooling＋ laminar cooling＂ was simulated and the effects of ultra fast cooling ending temperature on microstructure had also been investigated. The hot rolling experiment was done by adopting ＂high temperature rolling-[-forepart ultra fast cooling＂ technologies at laboratory scale. The results revealed that ultra fast cooling can delay the decrease of disloca- tion density and refine ferrite grains. Diversity control of the microstructure and phase transformation strengthening can be realized by changing the ultra fast cooling ending temperature. With the decrease of ultra fast cooling ending temperature, the strength and toughness increase, but plasticity does not decrease obviously. The new technique can improve the yield strength by over 50 MPa. Therefore, the upgrade of mechanical properties of C-Mn steel can be realized by using ＂high temperature rolling＋ ultra fast cooling＋laminar cooling＂ technique. Compared with ＂low temperature rolling with large deformation degree＂ technique, this new technology can decrease the roiling force and in- crease the production efficiency.