An alternative approach to trend analysis in accident data

Traditional statistical theory is the most common tool used for trend analysis in accident data. In this paper, we point at some serious problems in using this theory in a practical safety management setting. An alternative approach is presented and discussed in which focus is on observable quantities and expressing uncertainties regarding these rather than on hypothetical probability distributions.     

Bootstrap resampling approach to disaggregate analysis of road crashes in Hong Kong

Road safety affects health and development worldwide; thus, it is essential to examine the factors that influence crashes and injuries. As the relationships between crashes, crash severity, and possible risk factors can vary depending on the type of collision, we attempt to develop separate prediction models for different crash types (i.e., single- versus multi-vehicle crashes and slight injury versus killed and serious injury crashes). Taking advantage of the availability of crash and traffic data disaggregated by time and space, it is possible to identify the factors that may contribute to crash risks in Hong Kong, including traffic flow, road design, and weather conditions. To remove the effects of excess zeros on prediction performance in a highly disaggregated crash prediction model, a bootstrap resampling method is applied. The results indicate that more accurate and reliable parameter estimates, with reduced standard errors, can be obtained with the use of a bootstrap resampling method. Results revealed that factors including rainfall, geometric design, traffic control, and temporal variations all determined the crash risk and crash severity. This helps to shed light on the development of remedial engineering and traffic management and control measures.     

Plant Engineering Education for Aircraft Industry in Hong Kong

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Multiple-vehicle traffic accidents in Hong Kong

‘Multiple-vehicle traffic accident’ refers to a crash between two or more moving objects. Unlike single-vehicle accidents, not all drivers involving in a multiple-vehicle accident are responsible for the occurrence of the event. Accordingly, variables such as road type, speed limit and number of vehicles involved in the accident are expected to play a much more important role in association with injury severity in multiple-vehicle accidents. To study the factors influencing injury severity of multiple-vehicle traffic accidents, a population-based study was conducted. The traffic accident data was obtained from the Traffic Accident Data System (TRADS), which was developed by the Transport Department, Police Force and Information Technology Services Department, Hong Kong. Multiple-vehicle traffic accidents (N = 10,630) occurring during the 2-year period 1999/2000 were considered. Potential risk factors such as district, human, vehicle, safety, environmental and site factors were examined. Categorizing injury severity into “fatal/serious” and “slight”, a stepwise logistic regression model was applied to the population data set. The district board, time of the accident, driver's gender, vehicle type, road type, speed limit and the number of vehicles involved are significant factors influencing the injury severity. Identification of risk factors for severe traffic accidents provides valuable information to help with new and improved road safety control measures.     

Characteristics of low speed accidents with buses in public transport

Low-speed accidents with buses in public transport in the city of Uppsala during the years 1986-2000 are coded in 17 variables concerning mainly physical properties of the accident. The taxonomy uses classifications from existing schemes, but some are altered and some new are added to capture common features of reports of bus accidents in this population. It is found that side contacts and singles are the most common accidents, and that more than a quarter of all accident involvements occurs at bus stops. Inter-rater reliability calculations for the categories show that all except one have reliabilities above 80%. The level of internal validity, calculated as agreement of frequencies between time periods, is acceptable, despite many possible sources of change and bias. It is argued that the validity of this database far exceeds that of the, for research purposes normally used, non-company self-reports, state- and police-archives, due to more extensive reporting and corroborating evidence. The practical usefulness of these results and accident taxonomies in general is discussed.     

让创想飞——鲁迅美术学院师生泰、港访问游学之旅

2011年1月4日至1月11日,《包装＆设计》杂志社与鲁迅美术学院广告与综合媒介工作室共同组织了该工作室的师生赴香港和泰国进行了为期八天的设计考察,访问期间,师生们参观了当地著名的设计公司和设计院校,     

设计界的盛会--香港"设计营商周2003"

由香港设计中心主办、香港贸易发展局合办、工商及科技局创新科技署赞助的“设计营商周2003”于去年底在香港举行。其规模宏大、内容丰富、精彩的大型国际研讨会及设计博览会使此项活动成为亚洲区最为瞩目的设计盛事之一。     

Carbonyl compounds in the roadside environment of Hong Kong

The levels of carbonyl compounds were determined at the roadside urban station at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HKPU) campus during January 2002 to February 2002. Nine carbonyl compounds were quantified in this study. Temperature and solar radiation were found to affect the photochemical reactions of the carbonyls. Formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio ranged from 1.27 to 1.35. Strong correlations between formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were found, in the time period 1800-2100, which indicated that they were originated from the same sources during this time period. Roadside carbonyl samples were also collected at four other roadside environments during 2001. Kwai Chung (KC) station showed the highest average formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations due to its highest traffic flow, especially for diesel vehicles. High concentration of toluene emitted from gasoline-fueled vehicles was believed to be the cause of high benzaldehyde level at the Central (CT) station through the photochemical oxidation of toluene. The average concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Hong Kong are well within the ranges reported in roadside environments of other urban cities. However, Mexico City in Mexico and Cairo in Egypt had much higher concentration levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde than in Hong Kong roadside environment due to the incomplete combustion of different fuel compositions.     

持之以恒的设计营商之路

在亚洲，一个香港设计营商周从2002年开始炼出了一幅好身板．业界和企业的目光再次对准了亚洲四小龙的香港．每年11月份这里都有一场设计的盛宴．五年的历程，人们期待持久的设计营商话题。[编者按]     

Risk management of LPG transport activities in Hong Kong

This paper gives a background to risk management of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) transport activities, with special regard to the activities taking place in Hong Kong. In particular, it looks at the recent activities undertaken by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR); the recent risk assessment of LPG transport in the Territory, the measures developed to minimise the risks (including risk management improvements) and the risk management activities undertaken by the Government and the operators.     

香港的数字电影及影片修复

中国电影科学技术研究所于今年3月组团赴香港进行了数字电影及影片修复技术的专题考察.在香港期间,代表团考察了邵氏兄弟电影公司、参观了先涛数码企画有限公司,还与Discreet公司的香港技术人员进行了座谈交流.现在将我们所了解到的香港数字电影及影片修复状况介绍如下:     

Impulsivity and risky decision making among taxi drivers in Hong Kong: An event-related potential study

Taxi drivers play an important role in providing safe and professional public transport services. However, they tend to be more involved than other professional driver groups in accidents caused by deliberate recklessness. This study used an event-related potential (ERP) experiment to examine risk-taking behavior arising from impulsivity by comparing the underlying neural processes of taxi drivers with and without traffic offence records in Hong Kong. A sample of 15 traffic offenders and 15 nonoffenders, matched by sociodemographic characteristics, was recruited. The results show that the offender group demonstrated significantly less negative-going (less negative) feedback-related negativity but more positive-going (more positive) feedback-related P300 when than with their nonoffending counterparts. These findings show that taxi drivers with traffic offence records were less sensitive to the consequences of behavior and more attuned to the magnitude of potential reward. In addition, behavioral data revealed that they were more willing to make risky decisions. All these characteristics pertain to impulsive personality traits. Based on these findings, we can conclude that the offenders in this sample were more impulsive than their nonoffending counterparts.     

近代中国香港老字号中成药包装设计

目的探究近代中国香港老字号中成药包装的文化内涵与装饰特点,总结其经典纹饰与视觉符号,为现代中成药包装设计提供可借鉴的装饰元素与设计思路。方法从字体设计、标志设计到图形设计、版式设计等方面分析近代中国香港老字号中成药包装的多元形制,通过案例进一步阐释其文化意义与商业价值,探究传统中成药包装形式的当代应用,以及独特视觉符号的提取与延伸。结论近代中国香港老字号中成药包装汲取东西文化之长,围绕品牌发展,形成中西文化相融的独特视觉语言,其包装形式侧重宣传与装饰,同时将防伪设计综合于整体的设计策略。中国香港老字号中成药包装不仅满足使用功能的实现,同时反映出丰富而多元的情感传递与创作主题,其装饰语言、色彩运用及形式特点的合理化应用与衍生将为现代中成药包装设计带来积极的借鉴意义。     

Characteristics of low speed accidents with buses in public transport: part II

A number of accident characteristics of bus crashes are analyzed in relation to each other using data from 2237 accident involvements in the city of Uppsala (Sweden) during the years 1986-2000. The breakdown of accidents into sub-categories show, for example, that injury was common in intersection accidents, that bus stops present large risk for shunts and side contacts, while single vehicle accidents were seldom preceded by the loss of control or a skid. The treatment of accident data is discussed in terms of methodology, statistics and data reduction strategies.     

The use of industrial engineering in Hong Kong manufacturing industry

This paper reports the results of a survey of the use and place of industrial engineering techniques in 29 manufacturing establishments in the light engineering, electronics, garment, and scientific equipment sectors of Hong Kong industry. The results are compared with those of similar surveys in Europe and North America. The conclusions are that the number and use of industrial engineering techniques and their place in the organization of manufacturing industry in the newly industrialized city-state of Hong Kong is comparable with that found some seven to ten years previously in the U.S.A. and Europe.