一种新的车牌倾斜校正方法

车牌的倾斜对车牌的字符分割与识别带来不利的影响.本文分析了车牌的倾斜模式,提出了一种新的车牌倾斜校正方法.该方法采用水平和垂直彩色边缘检测结合旋转投影求取车牌的水平和垂直倾斜角度,对水平倾斜的车牌进行双线性插值旋转校正,对垂直倾斜的车牌进行双线性插值错位偏移校正.实验结果表明,该方法简单实用,对光照、污迹等不敏感,抗干扰能力强.     

车牌定位及倾斜校正方法

提出了一种基于车牌字符信息的车牌定位及其校正方法。首先使用灰度形态学的顶帽操作（top-hat）增强车牌区域,使其能在二值图中突出显示,然后根据二值图中车牌字符的连通元个数和排列位置来确定车牌的具体位置,最后对已定位的车牌进行方向校正,包括水平和垂直方向校正。水平校正是根据这些字符连通元的中心确定车牌的水平倾斜角度,使用旋转几何变换使其水平方向得到校正,垂直校正则使用投影分析的方法求出水平校正后垂直方向的倾斜角度,再进行图像的像素平移。实验结果表明,该方法能够在复杂背景下快速、准确定位到车牌,并且倾斜校正效果很好。     

一种新的面向字符分割的车牌图像预处理方法

首先进行图像增强以滤除噪声、校正不均匀光照,增强对比度,然后分析了车牌的倾斜模式,提出了一种新的车牌倾斜校正方法。该方法采用水平和垂直边缘检测结合旋转投影求取车牌的水平和垂直倾斜角度并通过垂直边缘检测进行上下位置精定位,对水平倾斜的车牌进行双线性插值旋转校正,对垂直倾斜的车牌进行双线性插值错位偏移校正。实验结果表明,该方法简单实用,对光照不均、低对比度、污迹及倾斜等退化图像具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于子区域投影分析的车牌倾斜校正

提出一种基于子区域投影分析的车牌倾斜校正方法.首先进行水平倾斜校正,将车牌图像划分为水平方向上的子区域,进行投影分析后确定子区域内字符区域中心点坐标,然后将各中心点拟合为一条直线,直线的倾角即为水平倾角.对于检测垂直倾角,该方法将车牌图像划分为垂直方向上的子区域,利用子区域的投影来快速计算车牌图像的错切变换和垂直投影,确定垂直倾角.实验结果表明,与常用的旋转投影法相比,该方法运算时间少且鲁棒性好.     

基于字符投影最小距离的车牌校正方法

提出一种利用字符投影距离进行车牌校正的方法。根据伴生与互补颜色特征提取车牌中的字符区域,将车牌旋转计算字符区域在垂直坐标轴上的投影,利用投影的最小距离获取垂直倾斜角度。将车牌水平错切计算字符区域在水平方向投影,利用投影最小距离获得水平错切角度,采用双线性插值对图像进行校正。该方法不依赖车牌边框特征,抗干扰性强。实测车牌图像试验证明,该方法具有较高的鲁棒性和工程实用性。     

一种车牌识别系统中的混合车牌定位方法

提出了一种新的粗定位和精细定位相结合的车牌定位方法.首先采用一种基于垂直边缘和车牌句法的车牌粗定位算法,确定车牌候选区域,剔除伪区域,粗定位可以快速地将车牌从原始车辆图像中截取出来,同时精确确定车牌的上下边界.然后再进行基于旋转差分投影的车牌水平精确定位与倾斜校正,由于水平定位和倾斜校正同时进行,提高了水平分割的精度并降低了定位时间.实验表明该混合方法能快速、精确地进行车牌定位,有效地解决了复杂背景下的车牌定位精度不高的问题,同时对模糊车牌具有很强的抗干扰性.     

基于最小二乘和最小投影距离的车牌倾斜校正

在车牌图像的采集过程中,经常会有车牌倾斜的现象发生,这种倾斜给后续的字符分割和字符识别造成了很多不利影响。为此,文中提出了一种基于最小二乘和最小投影距离的车牌倾斜校正方法。该方法将车牌倾斜分成水平倾斜和垂直倾斜两部分:对于水平倾斜,首先对二值化后的车牌去边框和铆钉,再对车牌利用最小二乘拟合直线求取倾斜角;而对于垂直倾斜,则引入分块查找法来降低查找最小投影距离的执行次数,从而提高算法的执行效率。实验结果表明:该算法简单实用,能够准确地对车牌进行校正。     

一种新的基于Radon变换的车牌倾斜校正方法

车牌的倾斜给车牌字符分割与识别带来不利的影响。基于Radon变换,提出了一种新的车牌倾斜校正方法。对车牌图像在[-20°,20°]范围内进行Radon变换,并对变换后的结果求一阶导数绝对值的累加和,将累加和的最大值所对应的Radon变换的角度作为倾斜角度。对水平倾斜的车牌进行双线性插值旋转校正,对垂直倾斜的车牌进行双线性插值错位偏移校正。实验结果证明,该方法简单实用,对光照、污迹等不敏感,抗干扰能力强。     

基于局部投影方差的快速车牌校正方法

车牌倾斜与错切校正作为车牌识别的重要环节,虽已提出不少方法,但仍存在准确度低、效率低等不足。鉴于现有方法的不足提出一种高效的车牌倾斜与错切校正方法。首先,根据车牌图像的投影方差存在着明显的局部性规律,提取车牌的局部特征图像用于角度检测。并提出一种基于坐标旋转的最大投影方差获取方法,快速得到车牌水平倾斜角度和垂直错切角度。此外,针对字符本身的结构对于垂直错切角度检测的影响,提出相应的解决策略。最终使用3000张情况各异的车牌进行实验。实验结果表明,在正确率比现有传统方法略高的情况下,算法效率也得到大幅提升。     

基于最小字符投影的车牌图像错切校正方法

为解决车牌图像倾斜对字符分割与识别带来的不利影响,提出一种基于字符投影的车牌图像错切校正方法.对旋转后的车牌字符区域向水平坐标上投影,利用最小投影距离获取水平错切角,采用二维几何变换对图像进行校正.试验结果表明,该方法不依赖车牌边框特征,抗干扰性强,具有较高的鲁棒性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。