滴流床反应器内脉冲流流体力学特性参数的模型预测

通过对气流两相在填料床反应器并流向下流动情况的分析,提出了计算如气、液两流体在富液和富气脉冲柱内的速度、持流量及脉冲柱长度等流体力学参数的数学模型方程,为使模型方程封闭,根据实验数据提出三个经验关联式关联表观脉冲速度、脉冲频率和平均持流量三个宏观平均参数,模型计算结果与分析结论吻合良好。     

基于MPHC活度系数模型关联烃－水体系液－液平衡

基于普遍化范德华配分函数理论，应用由局部组成概念导出的方阱流体配位数模型导出了链状分子混合物的配位数模型，并由此建立了一个新的活度系数模型；将其应用于高度非理想体系汽－液平衡活度系数的关联，结果与Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程相当，但方程参数随温度变化较小；其于Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－Ｒａｐｈｓｏｎ－Ｇａｕｓｓ液－液平衡算法，应用新模型对烃－水体系的液－液平衡进行了关联计算，结果优于ＮＲＴＬ方程     

基于MPHC活度系数模型关联烃－水体系液－液平衡

基于普遍化范德华配分函数理论，应用由局部组成概念导出的方阱流体配位数模型导出了链状分子混合物的配位数模型，并由此建立了一个新的活度系数模型；将其应用于高度非理想体系汽－液平衡活度系数的关联，结果与Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程相当，但方程参数随温度变化较小；其于Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－Ｒａｐｈｓｏｎ－Ｇａｕｓｓ液－液平衡算法，应用新模型对烃－水体系的液－液平衡进行了关联计算，结果优于ＮＲＴＬ方程     

氯仿－正丙醇及其含盐体系的汽液平衡

实验测定了在１０１．３ｋＰａ压力下氯仿－正丙醇、氯仿－正丙醇－氯化锂及氯仿－正丙醇－氯化钙体系的汽液平衡数据。用Ｈｅｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ方法对无盐体系的实验数据作了热力学校验，并以ＶａｎＬａａｒ方程及Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程关联了无盐体系，结果较为满意。用汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了含盐体系在不同液相组成下的盐效应参数。提出了关联盐效应参数与液相组成的经验方程，并以经验方程及汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了平衡汽相组成，实验值与计算值吻合较好。     

氯仿－正丙醇及其含盐体系的汽液平衡

实验测定了在１０１．３ｋＰａ压力下氯仿－正丙醇、氯仿－正丙醇－氯化锂及氯仿－正丙醇－氯化钙体系的汽液平衡数据。用Ｈｅｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ方法对无盐体系的实验数据作了热力学校验，并以ＶａｎＬａａｒ方程及Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程关联了无盐体系，结果较为满意。用汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了含盐体系在不同液相组成下的盐效应参数。提出了关联盐效应参数与液相组成的经验方程，并以经验方程及汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了平衡汽相组成，实验值与计算值吻合较好。     

扩展UNIQUAC方程求NH3-CO2-H2O-urea体系液相活度系数的新方法

扩展UNIQUAC方程是求弱电解质体系液相活度系数的有效方法。基于该方法，将“物种群”的概念引入扩展UNIQUAC方程中用于求解NH3－CO2－H2O－urea体系的液相活度系数，以“物种群”间的交互作用参数代替实际物种间的交互作用参数，从而减少参数个数，简化了模型，该方法为求解多组分易挥发弱电解体系的汽液相平衡提供了一种新的方法。对尿素流程中低压范围的NH3－CO2－H2O－urea体系的汽液平衡进行了模拟计算，并同实际数据进行了比较。模拟计算所得平衡气相压力值与实验值的平均相对误差为12．36％，优于Isla原模型计算的相对误差值（15．95％）。采用该模型对汽提液进行闪蒸计算，结果同设计数据吻合较好。     

导向立体传质塔板罩内两相流的CFD模拟

利用VOF方法建立了导向立体传质塔板(CTST-8)罩内气液两相流动的CFD模型,采用CFD软件FLUENT对模型进行求解.物理模型用FLUENT的前处理软件Gambit建立,在速度梯度大的地方采用局部加密网格,根据计算结果进行网格的自适应.对板孔气速为8.4 m/s,清液层高度为25 mm的工况下进行数值模拟.模拟结果显示了罩内流场为复杂的三维流动,利用计算可得到罩内流场的相含率分布、速度分布以及压强分布等.将罩内压强的测量结果与模拟结果进行对比,吻合较好.说明本文数值模型具有较好的精度,可以用于CTST-8罩内两相流场的预测.     

H2O2环氧化丙烯过程的研究（Ⅰ）丙烯在甲醇水溶液中的溶解度

用静态平衡釜法测定了丙烯－水－甲醇３元物系其中甲醇－水质量比为９∶１、８∶２和７∶３ 在３０℃～６０℃温度、０．３ＭＰａ～０．９ＭＰａ 压力下的汽液平衡数据,用ｖａｎＬａａｒ－ＲＫ模型方程对汽液平衡数据进行了关联,求得各模型参数,所得结果令人满意。     

运用CFD模拟浮选柱内的流体流动

根据浮选柱内气液流动的特点,在气速与气含率的径向分布一致的基础上,建立了通用的计算浮选柱内流体流动模型,简便且较准确地模拟出了浮选柱内气液的流动状况,为浮选柱内气体发生器设计以及柱内返混的研究提供了依据和方法。     

用VOF法模拟导向立体传质塔板罩内两相流

利用计算流体力学中的VOF方法对导向立体传质塔板（CTST-8）罩内气液两相流场进行了数值模拟,用Fluent的前处理软件gambit建立物理模型,在速度梯度大的地方采用局部加密网格,根据计算结果进行网格的自适应。用Fluent 6.1 对CTST-8在板孔气速为8.4 m/s,清液层高度为25 mm的工况下进行数值模拟。模拟结果显示了罩内流场的三维特性,并反映出罩内流场的相含率分布,速度分布以及压强分布等。将罩内压强的测量结果与模拟结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。说明本文数值模型具有较好的精度,可以用于CTST-8罩内两相流场的预测。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。