玉米胚芽抗氧化肽的急性毒性和致突变性

研究玉米胚芽抗氧化肽在小鼠体内的急性毒性及致突变性,为其开发应用提供安全保障。采用最大耐受量法、小鼠精子畸形实验、骨髓微核实验和Ames实验对玉米胚芽抗氧化肽进行急性毒性和致突变性研究。结果表明：玉米胚芽抗氧化肽对小鼠的急性经口最大耐受剂量（maximum tolerated dose,MTD）大于34 g/kg（以体质量计）;3 项致突变实验结果均为阴性,故玉米胚芽抗氧化肽无急性毒性和致突变性。     

复方泥鳅超微粉胶囊抗疲劳的动物性实验研究

为了研究复方泥鳅超微粉胶囊抗体力疲劳的功效,以小白鼠为实验动物,以复方泥鳅超微粉胶囊为受试物,以蒸馏水为对照,分别给受试物0.15、0.30、0.60 g/kg,各组经口灌胃1次/d,小鼠每10克体重灌胃体积为0.2 mL.受试物给予时间为30d,然后分别进行抗疲劳能力测定.结果:小白鼠负重游泳时间随着剂量的增加而延长,并且在每千克体重给药量达到0.6 g时这最大值,且0.3 g/kg和0.6 g/kg两组与低剂量组(0.15 g/kg)及溶剂]对照组有显著性差异.     

几种辣椒酱对动物机体上火作用的研究

研究了几种辣椒酱中维生素B1、B2的含量,并通过动物实验测定了维生素含量与动物机体上火程度的关系.上海川湘生产的三种辣椒酱的维生素B1含量在7.053～12.167μg/g之间,维生素B2含量在21.300～33.783μg/g之间;对照样品中维生素B1的含量为3.000μg/g,维生素B2的含量为16.500μg/g.动物实验中灌喂三种川湘辣酱的实验组小白鼠的大便含水量较高于灌普通辣椒酱的实验组小白鼠,表明该辣酱比普通辣酱较不易使动物机体上火.     

沙棘果皮渣黄酮毒理学初步评价

以沙棘果皮渣黄酮为受试物,经口染毒针对ICR小鼠做急性毒性实验、小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变实验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验、小鼠精子畸变实验,对受试物进行急性毒性实验及初步遗传毒性评价。实验结果表明:小鼠经口染毒最大耐受量(MTD)为24g/kg(>15g/kg),受试物的急性毒性分级为无毒级;在MTD以下分设高(8g/kg)、中(4g/kg)、低(2g/kg)三个剂量组考察受试物的遗传毒性,实验结果为小鼠骨髓染色体畸变率、小鼠骨髓细胞微核率以及小鼠精子畸变率均未发现增高,表明受试物不能导致小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变,不会诱发小鼠嗜多染红细胞微核产生,对小鼠精子无致畸作用。     

莓茶乙醇提取物的急性毒性研究

对莓荼乙醇提取物的急性毒性进行研究.取Wistar大鼠40只,清洁级,随机分为2组,每组20只,雌雄各半,以最大耐受量法灌胃给予受试样品组大鼠最大使用浓度和最大灌胃容量的莓茶乙醇提取物,1天2次(相隔4h),连续观察14d.结果表明,受试样品组大鼠毛色,皮肤,粘膜,眼睛,呼吸,循环,自主活动及中枢神经系统、行为表现等均与阴性对照组大鼠无明显差别,整个试验期内无大鼠死亡,莓茶乙醇提取物大鼠口服灌胃的最大耐受量为10.0g/kg大鼠体重;对所有试验大鼠进行大体解剖,组织器官未见有颜色、体积、质地等改变,说明莓荼乙醇提取物的毒性很小,具有较好的食用安全性.     

探究复配蓝莓提取物叶黄素制剂的急性及长期毒性

目的：本文研究了蓝莓提取物叶黄素对大鼠、小鼠的急性毒性经口试验及大鼠的30 d喂养试验。方法：急毒试验采用最大剂量耐受法,复配蓝莓提取物叶黄素制剂(以下简称试样)的人(以60 kg计)推荐量为16.67 mg·(kg bw·d)^-1,采用经口灌胃给试样方式,按20 g·(kg bw)^-1剂量分两次给予试样。30 d喂养试验设3个试样剂量组和空白对照组,高、中、低3个剂量分别为1.67 g·(kg bw)^-1、0.83 g·(kg bw)^-1、0.42 g·(kg bw)^-1,相当于人推荐量的100倍、50倍和25倍。结果：在急性毒性经口试验中,大鼠、小鼠体重均增加,均无死亡情况和中毒症状。在大鼠的30 d喂养试验中,其体重、周进食量及总食物利用率、周食物利用率、大鼠血液学、血液生化指标、大鼠脏体比等指标与对照组比较,p> 0.05,均无显著性意义。大鼠组织病理学观察中均未观察到有异常现象。结论：蓝莓提取物叶黄素经口最大耐受剂量大于20 g·(kg bw)^-1     

灵芝菌丝毒理学安全性评价研究

目的：对灵芝菌丝的食用安全性进行毒理学评价研究。方法：依照国家相关标准和规定,首先采用最大耐受剂量法开展大、小鼠急性经口毒性试验,然后开展遗传毒性试验,最后以5.00 g·kg^-1、2.50 g·kg^-1、1.25 g·kg^-1 3个剂量开展大鼠30 d喂养实验,观察大鼠体重、进食量及血常规等的变化,评价其毒理学安全性。结果：以5.00 g·kg^-1最大给药量的样品灌胃,未出现中毒症状,也无死亡;3项遗传毒性试验的结果也均为阴性;与对照组相比,30 d喂养试验发现各个剂量组的大鼠各项指标差异均不具有统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论：灵芝菌丝是无毒、无遗传毒性产品,可被开发为供消费者食用的产品。     

马氏珠母贝糖胺聚糖毒理学安全评价

目的:研究珠母贝糖胺聚糖作为保健食品使用的毒理学安全性。方法:利用大鼠急性毒性实验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验、小鼠精子畸变实验、Ames实验和大鼠30d喂养实验进行毒理学研究与评价。结果:急性毒性实验结果表明珠母贝糖胺聚糖对雌、雄大鼠急性经口最大耐受量(MTD)均大于20.0g/kg,其剂量大于人体推荐量的300倍,说明受试物属于无毒级物质。小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验、小鼠精子畸变实验、Ames实验3项遗传毒性实验的结果皆为阴性,未显示出致突变性。30d喂养实验表明,珠母贝糖胺聚糖高、中、低3个剂量组(分别为2.5、1.25、0.625g/kg)动物的身体、脏器的生长发育及血液生化指标等均无明显不良影响。结论:珠母贝糖胺聚糖具有较好的安全性,可作为保健食品使用。     

辣椒和人参提取液对小鼠游泳及耐缺氧能力的影响

为探讨辣椒提取液和人参提取液对小白鼠游泳耐力及耐缺氧能力的影响，以小白鼠为试验动物，每d分别采用辣椒提取液（1g／mL，0．6g/mL，0．2g/mL）和人参提取液（1g/mL）进行灌胃30d，灌胃量为0．2ml/10g体重。并安排对照（不加辣椒提取物），进行密闭缺氧试验和游泳抗疲劳实验。结果表明，3种浓度的辣椒提取液不能够显著提高小鼠游泳耐力，但低浓度的辣椒提取液（0．2g辣椒／mL）能显著提高小鼠耐缺氧能力（P〈0．05）；人参提取液（1g／mL）能极显著（P〈0．01）提高小鼠游泳耐力和耐缺氧能力。     

新型Cu2+-IDA金属螯合亲和膜制备及吸附蛋白质性能的研究

以纯棉布为载体,环氧氯丙烷(EPI)为交联活化剂,亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)为配基,可制备Cu2+-IDA金属螯合亲和膜,并对影响活化和偶联反应条件的因素包括NaOH浓度、反应时间、反应温度、IDA用量等进行了研究.实验表明,浸没在2.0mol/L NaOH中的纯棉布在30℃水浴中活化反应4h,所得的亲和膜环氧基密度可达1.54μmol/cm2.配基IDA偶联的最佳条件为IDA用量为0.08g/mLNa2CO3 (Na2CO3溶液浓度为1 5mol/L),反应温度为50℃,反应时间为10h.以溶菌酶为标准蛋白,其等温吸附线基本符合Langmuir形式,经曲线拟合得最大吸附量为30mg/g干膜.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the