气调包装果蔬贮藏寿命预测

在分析气调包装果蔬生理特性的基础上,提出以干物质的分解量作为果蔬产品质量的控制指标,结合气调包装气体交换机理及包装内气体浓度的变化,建立气调包装果蔬的贮藏寿命预测模型。并对一樱桃果品气调包装进行其贮藏寿命的预测。     

Design of Rigid Modified Atmosphere Packages for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

A procedure was developed for designing rigid MA packages for fresh fruits and vegetables that takes into account the change in total pressure inside the package. The procedure was demonstrated by designing a package for kiwifruit using available data. Some practical considerations in designing MA packages such as time to reach steady-state conditions, variation in respiration rate, film permeability, and changes in temperature were included. Small deviations in respiration rate and permeability could lead to large variations in steady-state gas concentrations.     

Evaluation of Zein Films as Modified Atmosphere Packaging for Fresh Broccoli

ABSTRACT: Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is increasingly used with minimally processed produce. Increased MAP usage coupled with negative environmental views associated with nondegradable synthetic packaging materials creates a need for biodegradable films. Zein films plasticized with oleic acid had been proposed for biodegradable packaging applications. Conversion treatments including lamination and coating films with tung oil were reported to improve water vapor and gas barrier properties of films. In this work, the ability of treated and untreated zein films to perform as MAP for fresh broccoli florets was investigated. Florets were packaged in glass jars sealed with zein films and stored under refrigeration for 6 d. Headspace oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations were monitored during storage. Tested films allowed the development of modified atmospheres inside the packages. Broccoli florets packaged in the test films maintained their original firmness and color.     

我国果蔬气调保鲜技术及装备的现状及发展趋势

气调保鲜包装技术是可延长果蔬等易腐败产品的重要技术。对国内外果蔬气调保鲜包装技术及装备的发展动态进行了研究,分析了气调保鲜各领域技术和装备的研究现状,尤其针对我国农业发展的现状,为我国果蔬气调保鲜技术及装备的进一步发展研究提供了参考。     

果蔬气调贮藏国内外研究进展

综述了近年来国内外果蔬气调贮藏领域的研究进展,主要包括气调保鲜机理、气调贮藏环境模拟与优化、气调包装及气调库系统设计、气调保鲜寿命预测、气调环境下果蔬呼吸速率模型建立等方面的理论和实验研究情况,对气调贮藏新技术及其发展方向进行了总结。     

Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: Modeling with Tomatoes and Oxygen Absorber

Design of active modified atmosphere packaging for vegetables was studied by developing a mathematical model predicting gas changes and based on the following independently evaluated parameters: vegetable respiration rate, film permeability, and oxygen absorption kinetic of the absorber. A step‐by‐step model validation was performed on a tomatoes/low‐density polyethylene pouch/commercial iron‐based scavenger system at 20 °C. Without optimization, the model fit experimental data with root mean square error (RMSE) value lower than 1.5. Oxygen absorbers had a strong influence on transient period characteristics by reducing their duration (50 and 100 h with and without absorber, respectively) and suppression of the CO₂ peak owing to a rapid oxygen depletion.     

国内新鲜食品气调包装技术研究现状

气调包装是一种重要的食品保鲜方法,可以有效延长产品的货架期。使用气调包装技术保鲜食品时,影响保鲜效果的因素主要有三个,一是包装气体的初始组分,二是保鲜过程中包装气体的变化,三是保鲜的温湿度条件。总结目前常用的两种果蔬呼吸模型,并分析其适用范围。总结出保鲜新鲜果蔬、鲜切蔬菜和肉类产品的初始气体组分。介绍不同包装膜对包装内外气体交换的影响。概述气调包装温湿度的相关研究。最后,对气调包装技术研究提出建议。     

Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Minimally Processed Mango and Pineapple Fruits

ABSTRACT: Market increase efforts for tropical fruits have been previously limited by short shelf life. A modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system for pineapple and mango was developed to increase shelf life of the fruits. Sample preparation consisted of hand-peeling, dicing, blanching, dipping in ascorbic acid and packaging. The treatments were: gas mixture (4% O₂, 10% CO₂ and 86% N2); vacuum packaging; 100% oxygen, and control. Microbial growth, texture, and color were significantly (P < 0.005) different between the gas and other treatments. The gas mixture treatment achieved the longest shelf life. The sensory analysis showed slight difference between fresh and MAP mango and no difference between fresh and MAP pineapple. MAP could be used as a technology to extend the shelf life of mango and pineapple.     

Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Cultivated Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.) with Hydrophilic Films

ABSTRACT: Unique gas barrier properties of hydrophilic films (wheat gluten-based material and synthetic polymer) have been tested through practical application such as modified atmosphere packaging. Mushrooms have been packed under microporous and hydrophilic films and stored at 10 °C and 20 °C under high relative humidity (> 92%). Atmospheric and quality changes (cap opening, color) were assessed during storage. Unique steady state atmospheres, poor in both oxygen and carbon dioxide, were observed, regardless of the temperature and the hydrophilic film used, owing to their high selectivity to gas diffusion. A transitional phase characterized by a CO₂ partial pressure peak has been evidenced and could imply quality change. The proposed MAP model fit experimental data with a mean error of 0.88 kPa.     

气调保鲜包装技术在食品包装中的应用

气调保鲜包装技术可调节不同比例的气体组合,适应多种被包装食品的要求,延长食品的保鲜期,能保证食品果蔬的原汁、原味、原貌。文中介绍了气调保鲜包装技术的原理以及在食品和果蔬等产品包装中的应用,探讨了其保鲜包装方法和特点。     

Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Cut Belgian Endives

ABSTRACT: Modified atmosphere packaging of cut Belgian endives was simulated based on experimentally determined package and product parameters. Permeability of commercial packaging films was determined at 3 temperatures. The film permeability ratio for CO₂ and O₂ varied between 1.6 and 6. Respiration rate of cut Belgian endives stored under 10%O₂-10%CO₂-80%N₂ (optimal gas conditions) was measured at different temperatures. Initially, the activation energy for respiration rate was higher compared to the one for film permeability. After 3 d of storage, the E_a-value for respiration rate was similar to the E_a-value for film permeability. Simulations at constant temperature proved that none of the packaging films tested was suitable to maintain optimal gas conditions.     

气调包装对杨桃贮藏品质的影响

以香蜜甜杨桃为材料,研究12℃条件下、非气调包装、被动气调包装(初始气体比例为21%O2+0%CO2+79%N2)和主动气调包装(初始气体比例为5%O2+5%CO2+90%N2)对杨桃果实保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:与非气调包装相比,被动气调包装和主动气调包装在一定程度上延迟了杨桃色泽的黄化,使果实的失重率维持在2%以内,果实硬度维持在0.4 MPa以上,3种包装在这3个指标的测量值上差异显著(P≤0.05)。对可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC的含量和pH值的维持效果来说,主动气调包装比被动气调包装的维持效果好,两者的差异极显著(P≤0.05)。被动气调包装与主动气调包装的总酚和类黄酮含量得到有效地维持,两者无显著差异(P≤0.05)。与非气调包装相比,主、被动气调包装都抑制了过氧化物酶的活力,使其达峰时间从25 d推迟到35d。果皮色泽、失重率和硬度可作为杨桃是否衰老的指标,非气调包装、被动气调包装和主动气调包装的杨桃的货架期分别为20～25 d,25～35 d和35～40 d。     

传感器在果蔬智能包装中的研究与应用

随着社会的发展,人们对食品安全和减少资源浪费的意识不断提高,对可用于感知、追踪、监测、检测的果蔬智能包装材料的需求不断增加。针对此现状,本文综述了果蔬智能包装中传感器的类型以及应用的研究进展,分析了传感器在果蔬智能包装中应用的阻碍因素以及发展趋势。将传感器用于果蔬智能包装能监测和检测果蔬的品质变化,可根据其提供的信息对外部环境条件做出调整以延长果蔬保质期,具有巨大的市场价值。     

新型袋式气调包装机的设计

主要介绍了一款自主研发的枕型袋式气调包装机,特别适用于袋装新鲜果蔬的高精度气调包装。研究设计了气调包装机关键部件——气体置换装置、产品在线测长系统,采用充气与抽气同时实施的气体置换方式,大幅度提高了气体置换效率,保证包装袋内的高精度气氛实现。所设计的气调包装机克服了现有袋式气调包装机气体置换精度低的缺点,同时可实现连续高速的作业,包装薄膜材料获得更有效使用。     

Recent Developments in Film and Gas Research in Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fresh Foods

Due to the rise of consumer's awareness of fresh foods to health, in the past few years, the consumption of fresh and fresh-cut produces has increased sturdily. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) possesses a potential to become one of the most appropriate technologies for packaging fresh and fresh-cut produces. The MAP has advantages of extending the shelf-life, preserving or stabilizing the desired properties of fresh produces, and convenience in handing and distribution. The success of MAP-fresh foods depends on many factors including types of fresh foods, storage temperature and humidity, gas composition, and the characteristics of package materials. This paper reviews the recent developments highlighting the most critical factors of film and gas on the quality of MAP fresh foods. Although the innovations and development of food packaging technology will continue to promote the development of novel MAP, concentrated research and endeavors from scientists and engineers are still important to the development of MAP that focuses on consumers' requirements, enhancing product quality, environmental friendly design, and cost-effective application.     

Shelf-Life Extension of Fresh Tuber aestivum and Tuber melanosporum Truffles by Modified Atmosphere Packaging with Microperforated Films

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to design a modified atmosphere packaging suitable for Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum truffles that extend their shelf life and their availability as a fresh product. Their respiration rates were determined by O₂ depletion and CO₂ formation in closed systems performed at different temperatures: 4, 10, and 23 °C. The results were fitted by exponential equations and derivatives of these equations were used to obtain the experimental respiration rates. Our results revealed high respiration rates in both species of truffles and respiratory quotients (RQ) higher than 1 in all the cases studied. A linear dependence of respiration rate, both R_O2 and R_CO2, on O₂ concentration was revealed. A mathematical model was used to predict the evolution of the gaseous composition at 4 °C in the interior of polypropylene trays (250 mL) heat sealed with 4 microperforated films of different transmission rates. A microperforated film with 2 holes (90 × 50 μm) was selected to produce an internal atmosphere of 15%CO₂/7%O₂ at 4 °C. The predicted atmosphere composition was confirmed by the experimental results. The quality and microbiological characteristics of fresh truffles, packaged in these conditions, revealed that the microbial counts of pseudomonads and Enterobacteriaceae were decreased, the weight loss was reduced, the typical hard texture was maintained, and the development of mycelium growth was delayed, enabling good scores for aroma and flavor, and therefore prolonging the shelf life of T. melanosporum and T. aestivum truffles to 28 and 21 d, respectively. Practical Application: This study describes the benefits of using MAP with microperforated films in the postharvest storage of Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum fresh truffles. The shelf life of T. aestivum is prolonged to 21 d and of T. melanosporum to beyond 28 d increasing the possibilities for a foreign market.     

Internal Modified Atmospheres of Coated Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: Understanding Relative Humidity Effects

ABSTRACT: Internal atmosphere modification in fruits and vegetables by surface film coatings depends on film permeability, coating thickness, and fruit surface coverage. Research in this area has been mostly empirical, with unpredictable results and diverse conclusions. To reduce variability, it is necessary to have a better understanding of factors that may influence the response of coatings applied to fruits. One factor is relative humidity (RH), which is known to affect the permeability of biopolymer films. By using steady-state mathematical models as tools, we hypothesize that fruits coated with hydrophilic films will be largely influenced by the RH of storage conditions. For hydrophobic materials, RH would have less influence on coating performance.     

Internal Modified Atmospheres of Coated Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: Understanding Relative Humidity Effects

ABSTRACT: Internal atmosphere modification in fruits and vegetables by surface film coatings depends on film permeability, coating thickness, and fruit surface coverage. Research in this area has been mostly empirical, with unpredictable results and diverse conclusions. To reduce variability, it is necessary to have a better understanding of factors that may influence the response of coatings applied to fruits. One factor is relative humidity (RH), which is known to affect the permeability of biopolymer films. By using steady-state mathematical models as tools, we hypothesize that fruits coated with hydrophilic films will be largely influenced by the RH of storage conditions. For hydrophobic materials, RH would have less influence on coating performance.     

Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fennel

Fennel was washed on the butt‐end cut with ascorbic (1%) and citric (5%) acids and packed in polypropylene (PP) baskets sealed with PP film to generate a modified atmosphere. As a control, perforated PP was used. Storage conditions were 14 d at 0 °C followed by 4 d in air at 15 °C. Chemical and sensory quality attributes were monitored. No browning of external leaves developed. Modified atmosphere of 16 to 17% O² and 3 to 4% CO² was able to inhibit browning of the butt‐end cut, the main factor for keeping quality of fennel, but treatments with antioxidants did not. In all treatments, green color and firmness decreased, although under modified atmosphere the best results for keeping fennel quality were found.     

微孔膜气调包装内外气体交换数学模型的建立

依据气体传质基础理论,基于Fick 定理建立微孔膜气调包装内外气体交换的数学模型。以无产品的微孔膜气调包装实验分析孔参数对包装内气体体积分数的影响,并验证数学模型。结果表明,孔径和孔数对包装内气体体积分数变化的影响显著,膜厚影响不显著,且模型预测值与实验数据吻合度较高。