臭豆腐乳酸菌多样性及耐酸乳酸菌的筛选分离

对采集的8个不同地区的臭豆腐样品中的乳酸菌多样性分析表明,臭豆腐中乳酸菌数量在6.8×104cfu/g～2.9×106cfu/g,优势乳酸菌包括乳杆菌、乳球菌和肠球菌.通过乳酸菌耐酸特性比较,表明不同来源样品中乳酸菌耐酸差异性不明显,而不同种类乳酸菌的耐酸差异性较明显,肠球菌耐酸性比例高,乳杆菌其次,乳球菌最低.经筛选获得pH 3.0、37℃培养6 h后存活率超过30%的菌株6株,对其中2株耐酸最强的杆菌和球菌进行鉴定,分别为植物乳杆菌和屎肠球菌.     

自然发酵风干肠中乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

以自然发酵风干肠为研究对象,分析了细菌总数和乳酸菌菌数的变化情况,结果表明,乳酸菌为风干肠发酵过程中的优势菌群.通过对风干肠中乳酸菌的分离鉴定,共分离出戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis)、短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)、弯曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus curvatus)和发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacilus fermentum)5株乳酸菌.24h产酸速率测定结果表明,弯曲乳杆菌＞短乳杆菌＞乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种＞戊糖片球菌＞发酵乳杆菌.     

腌腊鱼加工中优势乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

为探索乳酸菌对腌腊鱼风味形成的作用,对腌腊鱼中的乳酸菌进行了分离和鉴定。从腌腊鱼中共分离到20株乳酸菌,其中有16株可归为乳杆菌属,11株为香肠乳杆菌,3株为短乳杆菌,2株为发酵乳杆菌,香肠乳杆菌是腌腊鱼加工中的优势乳酸菌。     

发酵香肠菌种的筛选及初步鉴定

以发酵香肠发酵剂的选择标准为原则,对分离自发酵香肠的20株乳酸菌进行了筛选。对筛选出的适合于发酵香肠生产的5株乳酸菌进行生化鉴定,初步鉴定结果为:FG-1、ML-2为植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum),GL-2、GX-2为干酪乳杆菌(L.casei),F2-2为鼠李糖乳杆菌(L.rhamnosus)。     

酸白菜腌制过程中优势乳酸菌及菌群演替规律研究

以陕西杨凌地区大白菜为原料,切碎,添加2.5%食盐,在22 ℃进行半厌氧自然发酵酸泡菜。发酵过程中在不同时间取泡菜液,测定泡菜pH值、乳酸菌落和菌落总数变化,分离鉴定优势乳酸菌株,检测酸白菜微生物多样性,探究酸白菜腌制过程中菌群的演替变化规律。结果表明:泡菜自然发酵,从第0天到第7天,pH值从初始的6.0降到4.2,乳酸菌数由4.65 lg(CFU/mL)增至7.86 lg(CFU/mL),菌落总数由9.11 lg(CFU/mL)减至8.65 lg(CFU/mL)。在不同发酵阶段共分离鉴定出27株乳酸菌,分别为10株明串珠菌,7株魏斯氏菌,4株乳酸乳球菌,4株弯曲乳杆菌和2株戊糖片球菌。泡菜发酵起始优势乳酸菌种属为魏斯氏菌,发酵中期优势乳酸菌逐渐变成乳酸乳球菌,肠膜明串珠菌演替成优势乳酸菌。整个泡菜发酵阶段异型乳酸发酵菌种占据主导地位,发酵中、后期(5 d后)同型乳酸发酵菌种参与泡菜发酵。     

酸驼乳发酵乳酸菌菌株的筛选及其发酵特性研究

对新疆自然发酵骆驼乳中乳酸菌菌群进行分离鉴定得到五株乳酸菌,其中乳杆菌3株分别为瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantrum)和开菲尔乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefiri),片球菌2株分别为乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)。分离鉴定出的五株乳酸菌在培养基中生长良好,其活菌数在培养16 h后能达到109 CFU/m L。将传统酸奶发酵剂接种于骆驼乳中并于42℃条件下培养,发现其在骆驼乳中能较好地产酸,其添加量在0.1%时最适。将筛选到的乳酸菌制备成生产发酵剂与传统酸奶发酵剂复配,得到瑞士乳杆菌组的复配效果最佳,具有最优的产酸效果,在经过6 h发酵后p H值降到4.5左右,酸度达到85oT,且制备的发酵骆驼乳具有最好的感官品质,其感官评分明显高于其他菌株复配进行发酵的骆驼乳产品。因此,可将0.1%传统酸奶发酵剂与筛选到的瑞士乳杆菌制备的生产发酵剂复配应用于酸驼乳发酵。     

恩施市泡萝卜中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其对品质的影响

对5份恩施地区泡萝卜中的乳酸菌进行了分离鉴定,同时对其分离株在以萝卜为原料的泡菜中的发酵特性进行了评价。结果表明:分离出18株乳酸菌菌株,分别为隶属于片球菌属(Pediococcus)的戊糖片球菌(P.pentosaceus)和隶属于乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)的食品乳杆菌(L.alimentarius)、短乳杆菌(L.brevis)、副干酪乳杆菌(L.paracasei)、发酵乳杆菌(L.fermentum)和植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum),其中8株分离株为L.plantarum。通过质构分析发现,乳酸菌纯种发酵制备的多数泡萝卜样品硬度和脆性均明显高于自然发酵样品。通过电子鼻分析发现,W1C、W3C和W5C对多数乳酸菌纯种发酵泡萝卜水的响应值明显偏高。通过主成分分析发现,菌株L.paracasei HBUAS51063和L.plantarum HBUAS51053具有相对较佳的发酵特性。由此可见,恩施市泡萝卜中乳酸菌以L.plantarum为主,乳酸菌纯种发酵可提升多数泡萝卜的品质。     

黑龙江传统发酵豆酱中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

为了探明和保护黑龙江传统发酵豆酱中丰富的乳酸菌资源,以采自黑龙江农家12份传统发酵豆酱样品为试材,从中选择性培养分离出豆酱中的优势乳酸菌疑似菌株,再利用16S rDNA序列分析方法,对其进行鉴定并保藏。结果表明,从黑龙江3个地区采集到的12份样品中共分离出了24株乳酸菌,通过16S rDNA序列分析后共鉴定出5个乳酸菌种,分别是嗜盐四联球菌(T.halopHilus)10株,占总数的41.67%;植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum)6株,占总数的25%;清酒乳杆菌(L.sakei)4株,占总数的16.67%;发酵乳杆菌(L.fermentum)2株,占总数8.33%;短乳杆菌(L.brevi)2株,占总数8.33%。其中,在这3个地区采集的样品中均分离到了嗜盐四联球菌、植物乳杆菌和清酒乳杆菌,嗜盐四联球菌在其中的9份样品中分离到,占总样品数的75%。植物乳杆菌在其中的6份样品中分离到,占总样品数的50%。可以初步推断嗜盐四联球菌和植物乳杆菌是黑龙江传统发酵豆酱中优势乳酸菌菌群。     

干酪乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌在发酵香肠中的作用研究

本研究对以干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)和戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)为发酵剂的发酵香肠在成熟过程中微生物和理化生化指标变化进行测定,通过与自然发酵和添加抑菌剂的香肠进行比较,确定两种乳酸菌均对发酵香肠成熟中活菌总数、乳酸菌总数有显著的增加作用,均能有效抑制发酵香肠中有害菌的生长,迅速降低香肠的pH、AW值,显著降低香肠中的亚硝酸盐残留量,更好的保障发酵香肠的安全性;干酪乳杆菌在抑制有害菌、降低香肠的pH值、AW值等方面的作用明显强于戊糖片球菌,更适合发酵香肠安全性的要求;发酵香肠的内源酶对其蛋白质和脂肪的变化起决定性作用。     

玉米青贮中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及特性研究

为了筛选性状优良的乳酸菌菌株,通过细菌形态学、生理生化特征鉴定和16s r RNA序列分析,从天然发酵玉米饲料中分离纯化出17株菌株,8株植物乳杆菌(3,5,6,8,11,13,15和16),3株玉米乳杆菌(1,4和10),3株乳酸片球菌(7,14和17),1株香肠乳杆菌(2),1株干酪乳杆菌(9),1株副干酪乳杆菌(12)。通过测定产酸速率和生长曲线筛选出3,5,6,8,9,11,15和16为产酸较快、生长迅速的优良乳酸菌菌株。     

Identification of lactic acid bacteria constituting the predominating microflora in an acid-fermented condiment (tempoyak) popular in Malaysia

Tempoyak is a traditional Malaysian fermented condiment made from the pulp of the durian fruit (Durio zibethinus). Salt is sometime added to proceed fermentation at ambient temperature. In various samples obtained from night markets, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were the predominant microorganisms, ranging from log 8.4 to log 9.2 cfu g(-1). No other microorganisms were present to such a level. These samples contained reduced amount of saccharose, glucose and fructose but increased amount of D- and L-lactic acid and acetic acid compared with samples of non-fermented durian fruit. Sixty-four isolates of LAB were divided into five groups by use of a few phenotypic tests. A total of 38 strains of LAB were selected for comparison by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of their whole cell protein patterns with a SDS-PAGE database of LAB. These strains were also examined for their carbohydrate fermentation patterns by use of API 50 CH. Isolates belonging to the Lactobacillus plantarum group were shown to be the predominant members of the LAB flora. In addition, isolates belonging to the Lactobacillus brevis group, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus mali, Lactobacilus fermentum and an unidentified Lactobacillus sp. were also observed. A high degree of diversity among isolates belonging to the Lb. plantarum group was demonstrated by analysis of their plasmid profiles.     

发酵香肠在发酵过程中微生物变化的研究

该文对四种中式发酵香肠在成熟过程中的菌相变化以及理化变化进行了研究,结论如下:乳酸菌是发酵香肠成熟过程中的优势菌,乳酸菌在第7天达到了最大值108cfu/ml以上,在成熟干燥的后期,乳酸菌呈下降的趋势;葡萄球菌和微球菌在发酵香肠成熟过程中的变化趋势与乳酸菌很相似,在发酵阶段或灌肠后的一周内达到了最大值,但其数量远远低于乳酸菌,在成熟时期开始下降,并且下降速度比较大.     

Diversity and probiotic potentials of lactic acid bacteria isolated from gilaburu,a traditional Turkish fermented European cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) fruit drink

The aim of the present study was to characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from traditional fermented gilaburu fruit juice and their probiotic potential. The LAB counts of the fermented gilaburu fruit juice were in the range of 3.92–8.30 log cfu/g. Total of 332 isolates belonging to Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc species were characterized from traditional fermented gilaburu juice by genotypic methods. It was also determined that the major LAB strains belong to Lactobacillus plantarum (173 isolates), Lactobacillus casei (52 isolates) and Lactobacillus brevis (24 isolates), while Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus parabuchneri, Lactobacillus pantheris, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and Lactobacillus harbinensis were the least in isolated LAB strains. In terms of the probiotic potentials, Lb. plantarum strains were able to grow at pH 2.5, but 3 of Lb. casei strains, one of each Lb. brevis and Lb. buchneri strains could not grow at the same pH. All selected LAB stains were resistant to bile salt at ≤ 0.3% concentration. While all the LAB species grew at 15 °C, two Lactobacillus hordei strains could also grow at 45 °C. The highest cell hydrophobicity degrees were for Lb. casei (G20a) and Lb. plantarum (G19e) as 87.5 and 86.0%, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus were the most sensitive bacteria against the selected LAB strains, while Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most resistant. Again all the isolated LAB species were resistant to three antibiotics; kanamycin, streptomycin and vancomycin. Characterization and probiotic potentials of the LAB isolated from fermented gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) juice were studied first time, and further research needs to be done on their behaviors in similar food formulations as a probiotic.     

禽肉发酵枣肠的制备及其成熟过程中品质分析

以鹅脯肉、鸡脯肉、鸭脯肉和猪背膘为原料,选取植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、木糖葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus xylosus）和戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosaceus）作为发酵剂（菌种配比为1∶1∶1）,开发发酵枣肠。通过单因素和L₉（3⁴）正交实验,确定了在添加鹅脯肉40%、猪背膘10%的基础上,最优工艺参数为:发酵剂添加量10⁷cfu/g,发酵时间20 h,发酵温度20℃,鸡脯肉和鸭脯肉添加比例2∶1（添加量50%）。发酵枣肠成熟过程中,水分含量由66.03%降至24.76%,非蛋白氮（Non-protein nitrogen,NPN）含量由0.13%升至0.35%,游离氨基酸含量（Free amino acids,FAA）由842.00 mg/kg升至1878.33 mg/kg。由此开发具有良好品质和风味的禽肉发酵枣肠,同时缩短了产品的成熟时间。      

成熟时间对羊肉发酵香肠品质及风味的影响

通过添加清酒乳杆菌及木糖葡萄球菌制作发酵羊肉香肠,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术测定不同成熟时间(0,3,4,5,6 d)香肠脂肪酸及风味组成,探究不同成熟时间对羊肉发酵香肠食用品质及风味累积的影响,旨在确定香肠成熟最佳时间.结果表明:随着成熟时间的延长,香肠pH值、水分活度(aw)显著(P<0.05)下降,...     

发酵剂对发酵香肠微生物及理化特性的影响

采用3种复合型发酵剂(VBL-97、VBM-60、SHI-59)和1种单一型发酵剂(BOM-13)生产发酵香肠,研究不同发酵剂对发酵香肠微生物及理化性质的影响。结果表明4组发酵香肠在发酵和成熟过程中,乳酸菌始终保持为优势菌,当达到成熟时,乳酸菌数在7.21~8.13 lgcfu/g范围内,葡萄球菌(除BOM-13外)高于5.50 lgcfu/g,肠杆菌科菌数低于3.00 lgcfu/g。BOM-13型发酵剂由单一清酒乳杆菌组成,发酵和成熟时间长于其他三组,所以成品的硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS值,0.84 mg/100 g)和非蛋白氮值(NPN,0.46%)高于其它3组产品。由此可知由于发酵剂组成不同,相应地发酵条件(温度和时间)和成熟时间亦不同,但最终四种发酵剂都可生产出高品质产品(p H值5.3;AW0.82;NPN值高;TBARS值1.0 mg/kg;乳酸菌为优势菌且7.0 lgcfu/g;肠杆菌科菌3.0lgcfu/g)。VBL-97型发酵剂产酸能力和抗氧化能力强,而BOM-13型发酵香肠蛋白分解程度最高。     

Microbiological characterization of artisanal Raschera PDO cheese: analysis of its indigenous lactic acid bacteria

The aim of this research was to study the bacterial populations involved in the production of artisanal Raschera PDO cheese (Italian Maritime Alps, northwest Italy) in order to collect preliminary knowledge on indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB). A total of 21 samples of Raschera PDO cheese, collected from six dairy farms located in the production area, were submitted to microbiological analysis. LAB were randomly isolated from M17 agar, MRS agar and KAA plates and identified by combining PCR 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer analysis, species-specific primers and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Biodiversity of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolates was investigated by RAPD-PCR. LAB microflora showed the highest count values among all microbial groups targeted. They reached counts of 10(9) colony forming unit (cfu)/g in cheese samples after 3 days of salting and 15 days of ripening. Yeast population also showed considerable count values, while enterococci and coagulase-negative cocci (CNC) did not overcome 10(7)cfu/g. L. lactis subsp. lactis was the species most frequently isolated from Raschera PDO samples at all different production stages while in aged cheeses Lactobacillus paracasei was frequently isolated. RAPD-PCR highlighted that isolates of L. lactis subsp. lactis isolated from Raschera PDO were highly homogeneous.     

接种乳酸菌发酵剂对风干肠成熟过程中微生物群落动态变化及感官品质的影响

为研究乳酸菌发酵剂对风干肠成熟过程中微生物数量、微生物多样性及感官品质的影响,分别将SHI-59(木糖葡萄球菌+戊糖片球菌+植物乳杆菌)、WBL-45(木糖葡萄球菌+肉葡萄球菌+清酒乳杆菌)、PRO-MIX5(木糖葡萄球菌+清酒乳杆菌+类植物乳杆菌)复合型商业发酵剂接种到肉馅中,经过12?d的成熟过程生产发酵型风干肠,...     

Effects of restricted feeding and antioxidant supplementation on pig performance and quality characteristics of longissimus dorsi muscle from Landrace and Duroc pigs

The microbial flora of naturally fermented sausages was studied. Lactic acid bacteria were the dominant species at the end of fermentation in all 3 batches (ca. 10(8) cfu g(-1)). Enterobacteria, Pseudomonas, yeasts and aerobic spore-formers decreased during fermentation and the ripening process and were below the detection limit in the end product. Enterococci exceeded 10(4)-10(5) cfu g(-1) during fermentation and remained constant at this level during ripening. Gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci exceeded 10(5) cfu g(-1), except for batch 1, during the first days of fermentation and then decreased until the end of ripening (10(2)-10(4) cfu g(-1)). No pathogenic staphylococci, sulfite reducing clostridia or Salmonella spp. were detected. Listeria spp. occurred in the first days of fermentation but were eliminated by the end of whole process in all batches. Identification showed that the majority of lactobacilli isolated from MRS agar strains were assigned to the species of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lb. plantarum/pentosus. All the isolated strains from the mannitol salt agar belonged to the genus of Staphylococcus. The predominant species were Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus simulans. The tests used to characterize the lactic acid bacteria and staphylococci as well as their distribution on the three batches were also discussed.     

新疆不同地域发酵乳品中Lactobacillus多样性的研究

利用MRS,M17等5种不同培养基从12份采自新疆北部伊犁、博乐、塔城、阿勒泰地区牧民家庭传统方法制作的乳品中分离乳酸菌,并进行了生理生化表型特征鉴定。对这些乳酸菌进行16Sr RNA基因序列的测序,构建系统发育树,初步建立其属水平的进化地位,再利用乳杆菌种间特异性引物对其进行种水平的鉴定和分类。共分离164株疑似乳酸菌,大部分菌株对温度适应性较强。以杆菌为主,系统发育表明:样品中乳酸菌主要有7个属,其中Lactobacillus(78株)、Carrobacterium(3株)、Weissella(1株)、Lactococcus(22株)、Enterococcus(47株)、Streptococcus(8株)、Vagococcus(5株)。种特性扩增显示乳杆菌存在种水平的差异。主要有4个种。利用牛津杯从样品中筛选出了10株对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)均具有明显抑制作用的乳杆菌,为乳酸菌作为生物型防腐剂应用到食品工业中奠定基础。