双氧水超临界氧化对氨基苯酚模拟废水

在连续流管式反应器中，以H2O2为氧化剂，在温度480~550℃、压力32~38 MPa及H2O2过量100%~270%的条件下，用超临界水氧化(Supercritical water oxidation，简称SCWO)对含对氨基苯酚的模拟废水进行了实验研究.结果表明，采用SCWO法能有效去除废水中的含氮有机物对氨基苯酚. 升高温度、升高压力和延长停留时间使COD去除率显著提高. 在550℃, 38 MPa, H2O2过量190%和停留时间229 s时，COD去除率高达98.5%. 在此条件下，SCWO总动力学对COD是2.13级，反应的活化能为29.3 kJ/mol.     

超临界水氧化法处理煤气化废水生化污泥

煤气化废水生化处理过程所产的污泥中酚、焦油含量较高,常规方法很难将其彻底处理。文中采用超临界水氧化(SCWO)技术对煤气化废水生化污泥进行处理,研究了温度、压力、氧化系数、反应时间及含水率对COD,NH3-N,挥发酚去除率的影响,并优化了操作参数。结果表明:提高温度、氧化系数和反应时间能有效促进污染物的去除,而压力对污染物的去除影响不大。降低污泥含水率有利于提高系统经济性,为满足污泥输运条件,绘制了污泥黏度随温度、含水率变化曲线。由结果可知,含水率88%的污泥预热至80℃时可满足泵的输送要求。该污泥在600℃,25 MPa,氧化系数为3.5,反应时间60 s条件下,经SCWO处理后出水COD,NH3-N质量浓度分别为42,5mg/L,挥发酚低于检测限,水质达GB8978—1996一级排放标准。     

超临界水氧化处理鲁奇炉气化废水的研究

采用240 L/d的连续式超临界水氧化(SCWO)装置对鲁奇炉气化废水进行试验研究,通过实验室设计的高压连续加氧系统和在线温度测量装置,系统研究了废水的反应温度、停留时间、质量浓度等对废水COD、NH3-N和挥发酚去除率的影响,并对氧化自热过程进行了初步探索。结果表明:升高温度和延长反应时间均可促进废水中有机物的分解;随着废水质量浓度的升高,COD去除率增加而挥发酚和NH3-N的去除率有所下降;当温度超过500℃、压力23 MPa、停留时间为68 s时,经处理的废水COD、NH3-N和挥发酚去除率均超过了99.8%。通过高质量浓度鲁奇废水的氧化试验,证明在现有的试验装置上实现过程自热操作是可行的,为过程开发和放大提供基础数据。     

超临界水氧化法处理造纸黑液研究

采用自制的超临界水氧化器对造纸工业排放的黑液进行了试验研究,考察了反应温度、反应压力,反应时间,氧气过量等对COD去除率的影响.结果表明,过氧量的影响最为显著,其次是反应压力,反应时间和反应温度的影响较小.反应温度为450℃,压力26 MPa,氧气过量500%,反应时间120 s时,COD最高去除率可达99.92%.     

热和Fe2+共活化Oxone法深度处理填埋污泥脱水液

采用热和Fe²⁺共活化Oxone法深度氧化处理填埋污泥脱水液,分析了Oxone投加量、温度、pH值对有机物去除效果的影响。结果表明,该氧化体系对胡敏酸类物质具有较好的去除效果;COD降解符合准二级动力学模型,改变Oxone投加量和pH值会影响有机物基团的降解顺序。在污泥脱水液初始COD为(600±22)mg/L,温度为45℃,pH值为2,Oxone投加量为17.9 mmol/L,Oxone/Fe²⁺摩尔比为50时,COD去除率达到31.2%,最终出水COD为423 mg/L,达到《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(GB/T 31962—2015)的A级排放标准。     

印染污泥的超临界水氧化实验研究

通过间歇式反应器和小型盘管式反应器进行了印染污泥的超临界水氧化特性实验研究。在明确污泥输运特性的基础上,探索反应温度、氧化系数、污泥含水率及辅助燃料对超临界水氧化反应的影响规律,评估反应后污泥中重金属元素的浸出毒性。研究结果表明,常温条件下,91%含水率的污泥粘度满足高压污泥隔膜泵的输运要求。温度与氧化系数对超临界水氧化反应起积极作用,而含水率对有机物分解是不利的,在585℃、5 min、含水率91%及氧化系数3.0条件下,污泥COD去除率达到99.61%。另外,2.57%的异丙醇对污泥具有明显的共氧化作用,在400℃时,COD去除率增加至98.54%。最后,重金属在反应过程中可转化为稳定的结合态。综上所述,超临界水氧化技术可实现对印染污泥的无害化处置。     

处理废碱液中硫化物和有机物的方法研究

本文主要研究用化学催化氧化和光学氧化相结合的方法处理废碱液中所含的高浓度硫化物和有机物 ,并研究各影响因素的作用情况。实验结果表明 ,硫化物的转化率随反应温度升高、反应时间的延长而增大 ;而且当反应温度 6 0℃ ,曝气量 0 6m3 /h、Mn2 初始浓度 15mg/L、反应时间 90min时 ,硫化物的转化率为 95 3%。COD的去除率随反应时间的延长而增大 ;反应时间 15 0min时 ,COD的去除率即可达到6 5 2 %     

TNT在超临界水中的氧化反应动力学

利用超临界水氧化(SCWO)实验装置,氧气为氧化剂,对废水中的TNT在超临界水中的氧化反应进行了研究,用幂函数法则建立了COD去除率宏观动力学方程。结果表明,SCWO技术可有效消除废水中的TNT,随着反应温度的升高和停留时间的延长,TNT模拟废水的COD去除率显著增大。在温度为673~823K、压力24MPa、300%过氧量、TNT浓度为5.7×10-4mol/L的实验条件下,有机物的反应级数为1.18,活化能Ea为96.85kJ/mol,指前因子A为4.87×103s-1。     

超临界水氧化处理HMX废水

实验在400～550℃的反应温度、22～25MPa的反应压力下对HMX炸药废水进行超临界水氧化技术处理,有机物COD去除率在99%以上。采用单因素法分析反应温度、压力、反应时间对超临界水氧化HMX废水的影响,确定超临界水氧化法处理HMX废水的最佳实验运行条件：反应温度500℃,压力为22.4MPa,反应时间为150s。通过液相色谱检测,得出主要污染物的去除率为99.88%。     

超临界水氧化法处理顺酐生产废水的工艺研究

探讨了超临界水氧化法处理顺酐生产废水的工艺条件,考察了反应温度、压力、流量等工艺参数对顺酐去除率的影响.结果表明,在没有氧化剂的情况下,超临界水中的氧化反应能有效去除水中的COD,反应温度、反应时间是重要的影响因素.当反应温度为400℃、反应压力为28 MPa、流量为5 mL·min时,废水的COD去除率为99.9%,出水达到GB 8978-1996国家颁布的污水综合排放一级标准,可直接排放.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。