钢桥疲劳评估研究进展

介绍近期国内外关于钢桥疲劳研究的新进展,主要是热点应力法、临界距离理论法、连续介质损伤力学和断裂力学法在钢桥疲劳评估中的应用。分析现行设计规范推荐的疲劳评估法存在的不足,提出钢桥疲劳三阶段评估法。在整体-局部模型和局部精细化模型中采用热点应力、临界距离理论与断裂力学法是三阶段疲劳评估的关键内容。三阶段疲劳评估法具有良好的普遍适用性,可提高疲劳寿命评估的效率和准确性。     

高速铁路钢桥疲劳设计研究

首先对我国铁路钢桥设计规范的疲劳设计方法予以回顾,针对高速铁路钢桥受力特点,分析了疲劳设计应特殊考虑的问题,最后提出设计方法．     

钢桥疲劳研究关键技术分析

针对当今大跨度钢桥的建设和既有钢桥的使用状况进行分析,结合工程建设和运营管理中涉及疲劳的重点研究领域作了阐述,对钢桥疲劳研究成果的应用作了归纳,并展望了钢桥疲劳研究的前景。     

钢桥疲劳研究关键技术分析

针对当今大跨度钢桥的建设和既有钢桥的使用状况进行分析,结合工程建设和运营管理中涉及疲劳的重点研究领域作了阐述,对钢桥疲劳研究成果的应用作了归纳,并展望了钢桥疲劳研究的前景.     

在役铁路钢桥疲劳损伤机理、检测技术及疲劳寿命预测研究综述

在役铁路钢桥由于设计、施工水平的局限性和环境因素的影响,许多旧桥在通行高速重载列车时的运营能力已明显不足,于是如何对铁路钢桥进行疲劳损伤检测和剩余寿命预测已成为国内外学术界、工程界研究的热点.本文对目前国内外有关钢桥的疲劳损伤机理、检测技术及疲劳寿命预测的研究做了总结和展望.     

钢桥整体节点的疲劳性能研究

指出对于钢桥，节点的疲劳破坏是最主要的破坏形式，以某大桥的整体节点为模型，采用疲劳试验分析和有限元计算的方法对其进行疲劳性能分析，结果表明，该桥梁的整体节点具有足够的抗疲劳强度。     

公路钢桥疲劳车辆荷载研究进展

车辆荷载反复作用下的疲劳损伤是影响钢桥运营安全和耐久性能的重要控制因素.新桥疲劳设计和既有桥梁评估应采用疲劳荷载.目前我国的桥梁规范还没有疲劳车辆荷载的取值规定.本文详细阐述了我国桥梁疲劳车辆荷载的疲劳设计状况和研究现状,系统介绍了几个发达国家桥梁疲劳车辆荷载的规范规定及其最新研究进展.本文还就建立适合我国国情的基于动态车辆称重WIM(Weigh-in-Motion)数据的车辆疲劳荷载模型或荷载谱作了初步的探讨性研究.     

铁路钢桥疲劳多线系数研究

我国的铁路桥梁已从单线逐步发展到双线。近年来为适应铁路事业的蓬勃发展,满足日益增长的运输需求,同时为节约航道资源,一桥多线的铁路钢桥形式逐步出现,并将成为发展的主流。而我国的TB10002.2-99《铁路桥梁钢结构设计规范》中对钢桥疲劳设计仅有双线系数的取值规定,通过对多线系数计算方法的研究以及对已有多线桥梁多线系数的计算分析,得出影响多线系数大小的因素,为今后制定统一的多线系数取值方法提供初步研究基础资料。     

铁路栓焊钢桥疲劳设计

简要介绍了我国铁路钢桥由铆接结构发展到栓焊结构的历程。铁路桥梁承载大,结构的荷载效应变化频繁,焊接桥梁构造容易产生疲劳破坏。在1965年铁路栓焊桥梁的发展之初,就开始进行了疲劳试验研究,根据数十年的使用经验和研究资料,给出了疲劳抗力方程和铁路栓焊钢桥疲劳设计的列车疲劳应力、结构疲劳抗力的计算方法以及疲劳应力检算方法。研究成果已应用于铁路桥梁设计中,由于铁路高速、重载的发展方向,研究还有待于进一步深入。     

焊接钢桥结构细节疲劳裂纹原因及对策分析

从分析现代焊接钢桥疲劳性能的影响因素入手,分析了钢桥的疲劳设计,并探究了焊接钢桥疲劳设计的敏感部位,并依据所得探究结果提出防止疲劳问题的解决对策,为现代钢桥的安全性能提供保障。     

Multi-scale fatigue damage prognosis for long-span steel bridges under vehicle loading

Fatigue damage prognosis for long-span steel bridges is of the utmost importance in bridge maintenance and management. In this study, a multi-scale fatigue damage prognosis algorithm is developed to calculate the trans-scale fatigue damage accumulation of newly-built long-span steel bridges under vehicle loading. The necessity and procedure of establishing a multi-scale finite element (FE) model of a newly-built long-span bridge for fatigue damage prognosis are first introduced. The future vehicle loading on the bridge is forecasted using the recorded weigh-in-motion (WIM) data and the agent-based traffic flow micro-simulation method. Then, the multi-scale fatigue damage prognosis algorithm is developed based on the multi-scale FE model and using the future vehicle loading. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to a newly-built long-span cable-stayed bridge for the time period from 2010 to 2020. The results show that the macro-scale fatigue damage accumulation and micro-scale short crack evolution of the critical components of the bridge can be simultaneously predicted and visualized. The proposed algorithm can be used as a numerical tool for fatigue damage prognosis of steel bridges where (or near where) WIM station is installed.     

Stochastic analysis of fatigue of concrete bridges

A novel method is proposed in this work for the assessment of the remaining fatigue life and fatigue reliability of concrete bridges subjected to random loads. The fatigue reliability of a bridge is a function of the fatigue damage accumulation; a stochastic fatigue damage model (SFDM) with physical mechanism is introduced for deriving the fatigue damage process. In order to implement the probabilistic analysis, based on the probability density evolution method (PDEM), the generalised density evolution equation (GDEE) for the remaining fatigue life is developed. Finally, a prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge located in China is illustrated. The random fatigue load acting on the bridge is modelled as the compound Poisson process, and the simulation of the random load uses the stochastic harmonic function (SHF) method. To simplify the reliability analysis, an equivalent constant-amplitude (ECA) load process is introduced based on energy equivalence. By employing SFDM, the finite element analysis of the bridge under the fatigue loading is performed. Then, the fatigue damage accumulation process of the bridge under the fatigue loading is obtained. Through solving the probability density evolution equation for the remaining fatigue life, the probability density functions (PDFs) of the remaining fatigue life evolving with time is obtained. The fatigue reliability is then calculated by integrating the PDF of the corresponding remaining life.     

Q460D高强钢及其焊缝连接疲劳性能试验研究

在疲劳荷载作用下钢结构焊缝区易发生疲劳断裂,通过Q460D高强钢及其焊缝连接的疲劳性能试验研究,结合试验数据,拟合了Smax-N曲线预测其疲劳寿命,根据疲劳损伤理论分析了疲劳破坏程度,并通过断口形貌揭示了疲劳裂纹扩展规律。研究结果表明：Q460D母材具有较高的疲劳抗力;对接焊缝接头Smax-N的95%保证率曲线与ANSI/AISC 360-10的疲劳设计曲线吻合较好;GB 50017—2003的设计曲线能较好预估循环次数大于40万次以上十字接头的疲劳寿命。损伤指标能够较好地表征疲劳破坏过程中构件内部状态的变化,缺口系数越大,损伤发展越快。瞬断前裂纹扩展规律与损伤发展一致,随着损伤发展疲劳条带间距逐渐变大。     

Q690D高强钢焊缝连接疲劳性能试验研究

文中对Q690D高强度钢材及其焊缝连接的疲劳性能进行试验研究,讨论Q690D母材、对接接头、十字接头三种连接形式的疲劳极限;拟合了S-N设计曲线,并与现行规范进行比较,对其疲劳特性及疲劳寿命给予评价。试验结果表明：Q690D母材与普通钢材相比表现出较高的疲劳抗力;GB50017设计曲线能较好评估循环次数大于30万对接接头的疲劳寿命,且具有足够安全储备;十字接头S-N设计曲线与AISC360规定的疲劳设计曲线吻合较好。采用电镜扫描分析不同阶段断口的微观形貌特征,并基于零塑性累积应变率假设得到疲劳损伤公式,讨论焊接缺陷对试件疲劳损伤的影响。断口形貌可以反映试件的疲劳损伤发展过程,损伤曲线又很好地解释了断口的形成机理。     

Q690D高强钢螺栓连接疲劳性能试验研究

为探究Q690D高强度钢材螺栓连接的疲劳性能,对Q690D高强钢母材、有孔板和螺栓连接三组试件进行疲劳试验,拟合了S-N设计曲线,并与现行规范进行比较,对其疲劳特性及疲劳寿命给予评价。试验结果表明：Q690D高强钢母材、有孔板、螺栓连接疲劳极限比GB50017理论计算值分别提高了170%、76.02%、47.76%,比AISC360理论计算值分别提高了200%、131.77%、70.49%,说明Q690D高强钢螺栓连接具有较高的抗疲劳能力。讨论了应力集中与螺栓预紧力对试件疲劳强度的影响,应力集中系数越大,疲劳强度越小,螺栓预紧力能缓和应力集中程度,可间接提高疲劳寿命。基于零塑性累积应变率假设得到了疲劳损伤公式,应力集中在一定程度上可以反应损伤发展,损伤曲线可以解释疲劳破坏机理。     

Probabilistic fatigue analysis of shop and field treated tubular truss bridges

This article examines the extent to which post-weld treatment by needle peening can improve the fatigue performance of tubular truss bridges. To do this, the various potential crack sites on several variants of a typical bridge are analyzed using a probabilistic, fracture mechanics-based model. Systems reliability theory is then used to determine the reliability of the entire untreated or treated bridge. The results of this work show that: considering phase effects may result in large reductions in the design stress ranges for these structures, a significant increase in the treatment benefit can be achieved if the treatment is applied after the dead load stresses are introduced, and weld root cracking does not appear to be the critical failure mode for these structures, so long as a strategy of partial treatment is employed.     

钢丝裂纹扩展估算模型及其在预腐蚀疲劳寿命计算中的应用

为给桥梁缆索高强度钢丝损伤容限分析提供实用的裂纹扩展计算参数,根据钢材相关试验的结果统计了珠光体钢丝门槛值ΔKth和裂纹扩展计算数据,建立适用于不同屈服强度和应力比的钢丝裂纹扩展经验模型。在此基础上,提出基于一维裂纹扩展假定的预腐蚀钢丝疲劳寿命预测方法,并对锈蚀钢丝恒幅和变幅疲劳寿命进行实例分析。结果表明,珠光体钢材的屈服强度和门槛值之间的相关性随着屈服强度和应力比的提高而增强|提出的钢丝裂纹扩展模型和初始裂纹深度假定可较好地模拟腐蚀钢丝恒幅疲劳试验的离散性和疲劳极限性质|腐蚀钢丝变幅疲劳评估结果对门槛值变化较敏感|按保守门槛值的预测寿命显示,轻微均匀锈蚀钢丝若及时采取养护措施,可在桥梁常规检修期内继续使用。     

钢桥面沥青混合料铺装体系疲劳特性的损伤力学分析

用损伤力学原理及方法,从力学近似法角度分析了单纯的沥青混合料铺装层矩形截面梁疲劳损伤特性,推导出梁的应变场和疲劳寿命预测公式。按抗弯刚度等效简化原则,将疲劳试验复合梁模型中的实际桥面用钢板简化为沥青混合料铺装层叠加到下面的沥青混合料铺装层上,共同组成准单纯的沥青混合料铺装层矩形截面梁,应用该原理及方法推导出梁底缘的应变场,以南京长江第二大桥钢桥面环氧沥青混凝土铺装体系复合梁疲劳试验为例,进一步推导出复合梁的疲劳寿命预测公式。通过实例分析,表明损伤力学原理及方法可用于分析钢桥面沥青混合料铺装体系疲劳特性,其疲劳寿命预测结果是较为精确的,它的实际应用还需给出相应的修正,此外指出了环氧沥青混凝土铺装具有很好的抗疲劳性能。     

基于车辆荷载的锈损公路桥梁疲劳性能试验研究

采用湿盐砂锈蚀方法获得腐蚀环境钢筋混凝土劣化试件,选取与车辆荷载作用下公路桥梁实际承受的疲劳应力水平,通过8根锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲疲劳试验,分析了锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳破坏形态及应力水平和钢筋锈蚀率对梁疲劳性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,锈蚀梁的疲劳破坏形态为主筋脆性断裂;在设计应力水平作用下,疲劳加载满足规范200万次要求;在桥梁实际应力水平作用下,未锈蚀试验梁的平均疲劳寿命较规范值减少6.71%;锈蚀较严重的试验梁疲劳寿命较规范值减少13.57%,较同应力水平的未锈蚀梁疲劳寿命减少42.54%,锈蚀对试验梁的疲劳寿命影响显著。随着疲劳循环次数的增加,锈蚀梁钢筋内部出现疲劳损伤、抗弯刚度逐渐退化,混凝土残余应变累积,裂缝演变基本符合快速增加、稳定发展、急剧变化的“三阶段”发展规律。根据试验结果,建立S-N疲劳寿命方程,提出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁疲劳寿命计算方法,研究结果为桥梁结构疲劳性能评估提供理论依据。     

Remaining fatigue life of steel railway bridges under enhanced axle loads

In this study, various fatigue damage models proposed by researchers have been briefly discussed and found that the models are problem specific and their efficacy needs to be checked for high cyclic fatigue cases such as in railway bridges. Towards this, field studies were conducted to obtain the strain responses from a steel bridge during the passage of scheduled trains and test train formation with enhanced axle loading. Instrumentation was carried out at critical locations to obtain the responses from the girder. Three different scenarios have been considered to avoid the influence of noise. Further, numerical simulation of the bridge subjected to train loading at different speeds was carried out using ANSYS to obtain synthetic data of strain response from the validated finite element model. Analysis was carried out for normal as well as for futuristic speed of the trains. Responses obtained from field measurements as well as from numerical investigations were used to calculate the damage indices. Based on the damage indices, remaining fatigue life of the bridge was evaluated. The present study can be helpful in assessing the health condition of the railway bridges and to check the suitability of further increase in axle load or speed of trains.