钢桥疲劳评估研究进展

介绍近期国内外关于钢桥疲劳研究的新进展,主要是热点应力法、临界距离理论法、连续介质损伤力学和断裂力学法在钢桥疲劳评估中的应用。分析现行设计规范推荐的疲劳评估法存在的不足,提出钢桥疲劳三阶段评估法。在整体-局部模型和局部精细化模型中采用热点应力、临界距离理论与断裂力学法是三阶段疲劳评估的关键内容。三阶段疲劳评估法具有良好的普遍适用性,可提高疲劳寿命评估的效率和准确性。     

高速铁路钢桥疲劳设计研究

首先对我国铁路钢桥设计规范的疲劳设计方法予以回顾,针对高速铁路钢桥受力特点,分析了疲劳设计应特殊考虑的问题,最后提出设计方法．     

钢桥疲劳研究关键技术分析

针对当今大跨度钢桥的建设和既有钢桥的使用状况进行分析,结合工程建设和运营管理中涉及疲劳的重点研究领域作了阐述,对钢桥疲劳研究成果的应用作了归纳,并展望了钢桥疲劳研究的前景.     

钢桥疲劳研究关键技术分析

针对当今大跨度钢桥的建设和既有钢桥的使用状况进行分析,结合工程建设和运营管理中涉及疲劳的重点研究领域作了阐述,对钢桥疲劳研究成果的应用作了归纳,并展望了钢桥疲劳研究的前景。     

钢桥整体节点的疲劳性能研究

指出对于钢桥,节点的疲劳破坏是最主要的破坏形式,以某大桥的整体节点为模型,采用疲劳试验分析和有限元计算的方法对其进行疲劳性能分析,结果表明,该桥梁的整体节点具有足够的抗疲劳强度。     

在役铁路钢桥疲劳损伤机理、检测技术及疲劳寿命预测研究综述

在役铁路钢桥由于设计、施工水平的局限性和环境因素的影响,许多旧桥在通行高速重载列车时的运营能力已明显不足,于是如何对铁路钢桥进行疲劳损伤检测和剩余寿命预测已成为国内外学术界、工程界研究的热点.本文对目前国内外有关钢桥的疲劳损伤机理、检测技术及疲劳寿命预测的研究做了总结和展望.     

铁路钢桥疲劳多线系数研究

我国的铁路桥梁已从单线逐步发展到双线。近年来为适应铁路事业的蓬勃发展,满足日益增长的运输需求,同时为节约航道资源,一桥多线的铁路钢桥形式逐步出现,并将成为发展的主流。而我国的TB10002.2-99《铁路桥梁钢结构设计规范》中对钢桥疲劳设计仅有双线系数的取值规定,通过对多线系数计算方法的研究以及对已有多线桥梁多线系数的计算分析,得出影响多线系数大小的因素,为今后制定统一的多线系数取值方法提供初步研究基础资料。     

焊接钢桥结构细节疲劳裂纹原因及对策分析

从分析现代焊接钢桥疲劳性能的影响因素入手,分析了钢桥的疲劳设计,并探究了焊接钢桥疲劳设计的敏感部位,并依据所得探究结果提出防止疲劳问题的解决对策,为现代钢桥的安全性能提供保障。     

铁路栓焊钢桥疲劳设计

简要介绍了我国铁路钢桥由铆接结构发展到栓焊结构的历程。铁路桥梁承载大,结构的荷载效应变化频繁,焊接桥梁构造容易产生疲劳破坏。在1965年铁路栓焊桥梁的发展之初,就开始进行了疲劳试验研究,根据数十年的使用经验和研究资料,给出了疲劳抗力方程和铁路栓焊钢桥疲劳设计的列车疲劳应力、结构疲劳抗力的计算方法以及疲劳应力检算方法。研究成果已应用于铁路桥梁设计中,由于铁路高速、重载的发展方向,研究还有待于进一步深入。     

公路钢桥疲劳车辆荷载研究进展

车辆荷载反复作用下的疲劳损伤是影响钢桥运营安全和耐久性能的重要控制因素.新桥疲劳设计和既有桥梁评估应采用疲劳荷载.目前我国的桥梁规范还没有疲劳车辆荷载的取值规定.本文详细阐述了我国桥梁疲劳车辆荷载的疲劳设计状况和研究现状,系统介绍了几个发达国家桥梁疲劳车辆荷载的规范规定及其最新研究进展.本文还就建立适合我国国情的基于动态车辆称重WIM(Weigh-in-Motion)数据的车辆疲劳荷载模型或荷载谱作了初步的探讨性研究.     

Stochastic analysis of fatigue of concrete bridges

A novel method is proposed in this work for the assessment of the remaining fatigue life and fatigue reliability of concrete bridges subjected to random loads. The fatigue reliability of a bridge is a function of the fatigue damage accumulation; a stochastic fatigue damage model (SFDM) with physical mechanism is introduced for deriving the fatigue damage process. In order to implement the probabilistic analysis, based on the probability density evolution method (PDEM), the generalised density evolution equation (GDEE) for the remaining fatigue life is developed. Finally, a prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge located in China is illustrated. The random fatigue load acting on the bridge is modelled as the compound Poisson process, and the simulation of the random load uses the stochastic harmonic function (SHF) method. To simplify the reliability analysis, an equivalent constant-amplitude (ECA) load process is introduced based on energy equivalence. By employing SFDM, the finite element analysis of the bridge under the fatigue loading is performed. Then, the fatigue damage accumulation process of the bridge under the fatigue loading is obtained. Through solving the probability density evolution equation for the remaining fatigue life, the probability density functions (PDFs) of the remaining fatigue life evolving with time is obtained. The fatigue reliability is then calculated by integrating the PDF of the corresponding remaining life.     

Probabilistic fatigue analysis of shop and field treated tubular truss bridges

This article examines the extent to which post-weld treatment by needle peening can improve the fatigue performance of tubular truss bridges. To do this, the various potential crack sites on several variants of a typical bridge are analyzed using a probabilistic, fracture mechanics-based model. Systems reliability theory is then used to determine the reliability of the entire untreated or treated bridge. The results of this work show that: considering phase effects may result in large reductions in the design stress ranges for these structures, a significant increase in the treatment benefit can be achieved if the treatment is applied after the dead load stresses are introduced, and weld root cracking does not appear to be the critical failure mode for these structures, so long as a strategy of partial treatment is employed.     

钢桥面沥青混合料铺装体系疲劳特性的损伤力学分析

用损伤力学原理及方法,从力学近似法角度分析了单纯的沥青混合料铺装层矩形截面梁疲劳损伤特性,推导出梁的应变场和疲劳寿命预测公式。按抗弯刚度等效简化原则,将疲劳试验复合梁模型中的实际桥面用钢板简化为沥青混合料铺装层叠加到下面的沥青混合料铺装层上,共同组成准单纯的沥青混合料铺装层矩形截面梁,应用该原理及方法推导出梁底缘的应变场,以南京长江第二大桥钢桥面环氧沥青混凝土铺装体系复合梁疲劳试验为例,进一步推导出复合梁的疲劳寿命预测公式。通过实例分析,表明损伤力学原理及方法可用于分析钢桥面沥青混合料铺装体系疲劳特性,其疲劳寿命预测结果是较为精确的,它的实际应用还需给出相应的修正,此外指出了环氧沥青混凝土铺装具有很好的抗疲劳性能。     

Remaining fatigue life of steel railway bridges under enhanced axle loads

In this study, various fatigue damage models proposed by researchers have been briefly discussed and found that the models are problem specific and their efficacy needs to be checked for high cyclic fatigue cases such as in railway bridges. Towards this, field studies were conducted to obtain the strain responses from a steel bridge during the passage of scheduled trains and test train formation with enhanced axle loading. Instrumentation was carried out at critical locations to obtain the responses from the girder. Three different scenarios have been considered to avoid the influence of noise. Further, numerical simulation of the bridge subjected to train loading at different speeds was carried out using ANSYS to obtain synthetic data of strain response from the validated finite element model. Analysis was carried out for normal as well as for futuristic speed of the trains. Responses obtained from field measurements as well as from numerical investigations were used to calculate the damage indices. Based on the damage indices, remaining fatigue life of the bridge was evaluated. The present study can be helpful in assessing the health condition of the railway bridges and to check the suitability of further increase in axle load or speed of trains.     

正交异性钢桥面铺装层疲劳寿命的断裂力学分析

计算和分析正交异性钢桥面铺装层表面裂缝应力强度因子,在此基础上应用Paris扩展公式预测铺装层疲劳寿命。将奇异单元布置在铺装层表面裂缝前沿,建立正交异性钢桥面系三维断裂力学有限元模型,计算铺装层表面裂缝的应力强度因子;分析裂缝应力强度因子随轴载作用位置的变化规律,确定了带裂缝铺装层轴载作用的最不利荷位;以最不利荷位作为轴载作用的标准荷位,计算应力强度因子随裂缝扩展深度的变化,并数值拟合得到了应力强度因子与裂缝深度的关系式;将应力强度因子的深度关系式代入Paris公式,积分得到铺装层的疲劳寿命。计算结果表明,基于钢桥面铺装层带裂缝工作的事实,应用断裂力学方法预测钢桥面铺装层疲劳寿命是可行的。     

波纹钢腹板梁疲劳性能的试验研究

结合国内已建波纹钢腹板PC组合梁桥(平铁大桥)的波形尺寸,设计了4根Q345c高强钢的波纹钢腹板试验梁。试验首先对第一根梁(GA)进行四点弯曲静力试验,分析了其在竖向荷载作用下的受力特征和破坏形态;另外3根梁分别采用R=0.1,荷载下限分别为9,11,13 kN的不同条件下的疲劳试验。结果表明,由于波纹腹板的"折扇"效应,在弯矩作用下不完全满足平截面假定条件,弯矩主要由上下翼缘承受;二级焊缝条件下,试验梁波纹处焊缝能满足美国AASHTO规范B类焊接的疲劳强度,焊缝搭接位置以及构造处是该类型梁的疲劳薄弱位置之一。     

中小跨径梁桥钢筋锈蚀率评估

以中小跨径的钢筋混凝土简支梁桥为研究对象，列出部分桥梁的钢筋锈蚀状况，探索了用人工神经网络评估野外环境下钢筋锈蚀率的方法，并与实际资料相印证，突出其合理性。     

闭口型压型钢板-混凝土组合板疲劳性能试验研究

为研究闭口型压型钢板-混凝土组合板的疲劳性能,完成14块闭口型压型钢板-混凝土组合板的疲劳试验研究。试验主要考察组合板端部栓钉布置、组合板板厚、疲劳荷载水平及组合板加载剪跨比等4个主要因素对组合板疲劳破坏模式及疲劳损伤程度的影响。试验过程中对组合板在各个关键阶段的动挠度、动滑移、压型钢板及混凝土应变、组合板残余挠度及组合板剩余承载能力等参数进行测量和分析。在试验研究基础上,根据组合板疲劳破坏形态及损伤发展情况,着重对组合板的疲劳性能进行较全面研究,初步提出组合板疲劳性能水平评估方法及组合板疲劳设计建议。试验研究结果表明,无栓钉组合板的疲劳性能明显差于带栓钉组合板,布置栓钉可大大提高组合板疲劳性能;无栓钉组合板的设计疲劳荷载上限可以取为40%的静力极限荷载,而带栓钉组合板的设计疲劳荷载上限可以取为60%的静力极限荷载。研究结果为闭口型压型钢板-混凝土组合板疲劳设计计算提供有利依据。     

Dynamic stress analysis for fatigue damage prognosis of long-span bridges

For fatigue damage prognosis of a long-span steel bridge, the dynamic stress analysis of critical structural components of the bridge under the future dynamic vehicle loading is essential. This paper thus presents a framework of dynamic stress analysis for fatigue damage prognosis of long-span steel bridges under the future dynamic vehicle loading. The multi-scale finite element (FE) model of the bridge is first developed using shell/plate elements to simulate the critical structural components (local models) and using beam/truss elements to simulate the rest part of the bridge (global model). With the appropriate coupling of the global and local models, the multi-scale FE model can accurately capture simultaneously not only the global behavior in terms of displacement and acceleration but also the local behavior in terms of stress and strain. A vehicle traffic load model is then developed for forecasting the future vehicle loading based on the recorded weigh-in-motion (WIM) data and using the agent-based traffic flow microsimulation. The forecasted future vehicle loading is finally applied on the multi-scale model of a real long-span cable-stayed bridge for dynamic stress analysis and fatigue damage prognosis. The obtained results show that the proposed framework is effective and accurate for dynamic stress analysis and fatigue damage prognosis.     

钢结构的疲劳和焊接实腹吊车梁的裂缝探讨

针对冶金工业厂房吊车梁产生裂缝的情况,以钢结构的疲劳破坏为切入点,分析了钢结构疲劳破坏特征和破坏机理,结合影响吊车梁疲劳强度的因素,阐述了裂缝产生的具体原因,并提出相应措施,以指导实践。