MWECR CVD系统中磁场梯度对a-Si∶H薄膜沉积速率的影响

为了定量地得到磁场梯度对a-Si∶H薄膜沉积速率的影响,对单磁场线圈分散场MWECR CVD系统等离子体室和沉积室中用三种方法得到的磁场形貌进行了研究.通过洛伦兹拟合的方法定量地得到了这些磁场形貌的磁场梯度.结果表明,样品台下面放置钐钴永磁体并使磁场线圈电流为137.7A时其衬底附近磁场梯度值最大,样品台下面无钐钴永磁时,磁场线圈电流分别为137.7A和115.2A的磁场梯度值依次为次之和最小.制备a-Si∶H薄膜时,在衬底附近具有高的磁场梯度值可以得到高的沉积速率.通过红外吸收谱技术分析,虽然样品台下面放置钐钴永磁体并使磁场线圈电流为137.7A下能得到最大的沉积速率,但是沿样品台半径方向沉积速率呈现很明显的不均匀分布.     

MWECR CVD系统中磁场梯度对a-Si∶H薄膜沉积速率的影响

为了定量地得到磁场梯度对a-Si∶H薄膜沉积速率的影响,对单磁场线圈分散场MWECR CVD系统等离子体室和沉积室中用三种方法得到的磁场形貌进行了研究.通过洛伦兹拟合的方法定量地得到了这些磁场形貌的磁场梯度.结果表明,样品台下面放置钐钴永磁体并使磁场线圈电流为137.7A时其衬底附近磁场梯度值最大,样品台下面无钐钴永磁时,磁场线圈电流分别为137.7A和115.2A的磁场梯度值依次为次之和最小.制备a-Si∶H薄膜时,在衬底附近具有高的磁场梯度值可以得到高的沉积速率.通过红外吸收谱技术分析,虽然样品台下面放置钐钴永磁体并使磁场线圈电流为137.7A下能得到最大的沉积速率,但是沿样品台半径方向沉积速率呈现很明显的不均匀分布.     

在DX—3A扫描电镜上安装拉伸台的研究

研究纺织材料在力学作用下发生相应的变形和破坏的规律性,无疑对合理地确定其加工工艺参数和使用条件有着实际意义。尤其近年来纺织材料在土建、航天等工程领域的应用日益广泛,人们对它的变形和破坏的研究也越来越重视。扫描电镜的附件拉伸台是此项研究的重要手段之一。国产DX—3A扫描电镜没有配备拉伸台,但它具有大的样品室。为满足教学科研的需要,我们自己设计、制造、安装了一个拉伸台。由于借用了原样品台的五个自由度运动系统,所以自制的拉伸台体积小,重量轻、拆装方便,使用灵活。经反复试验、改进,现已拍出部分边菜羊毛的拉伸变形、断裂照片(图1—2)。拉伸台的使用使DX—3A扫描电镜的功能增强,也为我们的科学研究创造了条件。     

原位显微拉曼测温系统的设计及实现

拉曼光谱仪是一种常用的光学分析手段,目前国内市场上存在许多小型的便携式拉曼光谱仪,虽然操作简单,但光谱分辨率及探测范围有限.文章设计并搭建了一台具有显微原位测温功能的大型拉曼光谱仪系统,测试结果表明,系统能够探测的波数范围为-6 000～325 cm-1、275～6 000 cm-1,光谱分辨率可达到0.7cm-1.将其与已经商业化的便携式拉曼光纤探头对比,对标准样品硅片及其他样品的测试结果表明:该系统具有更高的信噪比及灵敏度,对激发光、杂散光的滤除效果更优,能够探测到样品的反斯托克斯拉曼信号,具有原位探测样品表面温度的能力.     

MWECR CVD系统中磁场梯度对a-Si:H薄膜沉积速率的影响

为了定量地得到磁场梯度对a Si∶H薄膜沉积速率的影响 ,对单磁场线圈分散场MWECRCVD系统等离子体室和沉积室中用三种方法得到的磁场形貌进行了研究 .通过洛伦兹拟合的方法定量地得到了这些磁场形貌的磁场梯度 .结果表明 ,样品台下面放置钐钴永磁体并使磁场线圈电流为 137 7A时其衬底附近磁场梯度值最大 ,样品台下面无钐钴永磁时 ,磁场线圈电流分别为 137 7A和 115 2A的磁场梯度值依次为次之和最小 .制备a Si∶H薄膜时 ,在衬底附近具有高的磁场梯度值可以得到高的沉积速率 .通过红外吸收谱技术分析 ,虽然样品台下面放置钐钴永磁体并使磁场线圈电流为 13     

可输入气体及加热样品的高分辨原位电子显微镜及其应用

在材料科学和工业生产中,气态-固态相互作用是材料合成及处理过程中的基本环节之一,很多研究诸如纳米材料的生长、纳米材料对生态环境及生物组织的影响、催化剂的制备和催化过程,以及微量气体探测等都离不开对气态-固态反应的深入了解.随着纳米时代的来临,对气态-固态作用机制的研究也随之进入了原子分辨率的水平.所以样品室能够接受气体和根据需要对样品进行加热,并具备原子分辨率成像能力的透射电子显微镜就变得非常重要.本文旨在介绍应用日立300 kV H-9500型高分辨透射电子显微镜对不同材料进行原位电子显微术观察的技术,目的是研究固体材料与气体相互作用而产生的原子水平上的结构变化.日立H-9500型电镜具有较为独特的真空系统设计.一台高速涡轮分子真空泵与样品室连接使得气体可以不断被注入样品室又不断被快速抽出.在样品室的上方加装有一个小孔光阑,其作用是让电子束正常通过但大幅减少样品室中的气体向高真空的电子枪区域的扩散.在电子枪的下方设有一个真空测量装置,当从样品室泄漏过来的气体过多时,电子枪下方的一个阀门会自动关闭从而保护电子枪不被损坏.这台电镜既可以作为普通电镜用于结构研究和成分分析,需要时又可以用日立公司的'气体-加热样品台'将气体注入电镜样品室和对样品加热进行动态结构变化的高分辨研究.用这种电镜可以研究半导体材料、催化剂颗粒、纳米碳管、以及陶瓷材料.本文对部分研究结果进行了简略的介绍.     

硬质材料超薄切片机的研制

这种超薄切片机是一台装有薄型金刚石切割片的超低速切割机,它适用于钢铁、陶瓷、玻璃、单晶硅、骨骼、牙齿等硬质材料的试样切割。具有切割速度低;切割过程发热少;切削应力低;对试样的组织结构影响小等优点,并且刀口小,光洁度高,节省材料,试样切割最小厚度可达0.1～0.2mm,为超薄样品的制备提供了一台较理想的设备。尤其适用于透射电镜薄膜样品的制备。     

聚焦离子束技术制备超薄TEM样品-X2样品台的应用

聚焦离子束技术在制备TEM样品方面得到了广泛的应用。普通传统的制样减薄方法存在远端薄区极易弯曲和薄区厚度不均匀的问题。针对存在的这些问题本文使用Zeiss公司的X2样品台采取交叉减薄的方法制备一个具有均匀的极薄的TEM样品。本文主要介绍X2样品台的工作原理和交叉减薄的实验过程,并分析了该方法在制备TEM样品时存在的优缺点以及其独特的适用性。     

红外显微镜

日本Jasco公司推出一款具有两种红外成像探测器的IRT-7000型多通道红外显微镜。16通道的线阵探测器和单点碲镉汞探测器以及自动的样品平台使得显微镜能够在短时间内对样品的特定区域达到高灵敏度和高分辨率。利用一台集成的高分辨率CCD摄像机,显微镜的灵巧映射功能无需自动样品平台就能对样品的特定区域进行映像分析,同时还能在软件显示器上观察整个样品的图像。     

扫描电镜多功能加载样品台及其应用

在扫描电镜中采用加载样品台能进一步对金属的变形、断裂以及应力诱发相变等过程进行动态观察,这在材料科学研究中是十分重要的。评价SEM加载样品台主要应考虑以下几方面:1)负载能力(载荷大小);2)操作控制(加载速率、方向,自动或手动);3)数据测量和输出(负载、位移的指示、记录及其精度);4)加载方式(样品受力和变形的方式)。目前各国生产的商品仪器中以英国CAMBRIDGE公司的拉伸样品台较优,但它仍存     

A coding theorem for secret sharing communication systems with two Gaussian wiretap channels

A coding theorem is proved for the secret sharing communication system (SSCS) with two Gaussian wiretap channels. This communication system is an extension of both the SSCS with two noiseless channels and the Gaussian wiretap channel (GWC). The admissible region of rates and security levels for the SSCS with two GWCs is described by the capacities and secrecy capacities of two GWCs. The following three cases are considered: two wiretappers cannot cooperate with each other: they can cooperate to decipher the transmitted information; and it is not known whether they can cooperate or not.<>     

ATM支持中低速话音业务的新方案

时延和效率问题是ＡＴＭ不能很好地支持中、低速话音业务的关键,因此,ＩＴＵ－Ｔ提出了新型ＡＡＬ２规程－组合信元技术。ＡＡＬ２规程的基本思想是用一个ＡＴＭ连接支持多个ＡＡＬ２用户信息流,从而减少时延。ＡＡＬ２由公共部分子层（ＣＰＳ）和业务特定会聚子层（ＳＳＣＳ）组成,其中面向话音应用的ＳＳＣＳ是中、低速话音业务解决方案的核心,文中对其功能、业务、等时同步问题的解决等作了详细介绍。最后,还介绍了有关标准     

On secret sharing communication systems with two or three channels

The source coding problem is considered for secret sharing communication systems (SSCS's) with two or three channels. The SSCS, where the informationXis shared and communicated through two or more channels, is an extension of Sbannon's cipher communication system and the secret sharing system. The security level is measured with equivocation; that is,(1/N)H(X|W_{i}), (1/N)H(X|W_{i}W_{i}), etc., whereW_{i}andW_{j}are the wire-tapped codewords. The achievable rate region for the given security level is established for the SSCS's with two or three channels.     

A low-power sigma-delta modulator for wireless communication receivers using adaptive biasing circuitry and cascaded comparator scheme

This paper represents the low-power signal-delta (ΣΔ) modulator for wireless communication receiver applications. The 2nd-order modulator has a single-loop structure with 11 quantization levels. An adaptive biasing scheme of the operational amplifier and cascaded comparator scheme are proposed in order to save the power consumption. The DAC with three-level references including the analog ground voltage can make the modulator be implemented with half of the input capacitances without degradation of linearity characteristics with the help of dynamic element matching technique. Peak SNR values of 74 dB and 68 dB are achieved with the input bandwidths of 615 kHz and 1.92 MHz for CDMA-2000 and WCDMA applications, respectively. The modulator is fabricated in a 0.13-μm standard digital CMOS technology and dissipates 4.3 mA for a single supply voltage of 2.8 V. Jinup Lim was born in Seoul, Korea, in 1973. He received the B.S. and the M.S. degrees in semiconductor engineering from University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea, in 1999 and 2001, respectively. From 2001 to 2002, he worked in GCT Semiconductor Inc., Seoul, Korea. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in Electrical & Computer Engineering at the same university. He received the Best student paper award from IEEE SSCS/EDS Seoul Chapter in 2004 and the Samsung Best paper award third prize in ISOCC 2004. His research area is the design of high-performance discrete-time / continuous-time sigma-delta modulator circuits. Joongho Choi was born in Seoul, Korea, in 1964. He received the B.S. and the M.S. degrees in electronics engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, in 1987 and 1989, respectively. In 1993, he received Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from University of Southern California, CA, USA. From 1994 to 1996, he worked in IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, NY, USA. In 1996, he joined the University of Seoul, Seoul, where he is currently a professor in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering. His research area is the design of high-performance analog integrated circuits.     

Traceback-Based Optimizations for Maximum a Posteriori Decoding Algorithms

Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) decoding is a crucial enabler of turbo coding and other powerful feedback-based algorithms. To allow pervasive use of these techniques in resources constrained systems, it is important to limit their implementation complexity, without sacrificing the superior performance they are known for. We show that introducing traceback information into the MAP algorithm, thereby leveraging components that are also part of Soft-Output Viterbi Algorithms (SOVA), offers two unique possibilities to simplify the computational requirements. Our proposed enhancements are effective at each individual decoding iteration and therefore provide gains on top of existing techniques such as early termination and memory optimizations. Based on these enhancements, we will present three new architectural variants for the decoder. Each one of these may be preferable depending on the decoder memory hardware requirements and number of trellis states. Computational complexity is reduced significantly, without incurring significant performance penalty.

Alternative Schemes for Dynamic Secure VPN Deployment in UMTS

Three alternative schemes for secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) deployment over the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) are proposed and analyzed. The proposed schemes enable a mobile node to voluntarily establish an IPsec-based secure channel to a private network. The alternative schemes differ in the location where the IPsec functionality is placed within the UMTS network architecture (mobile node, access network, and UMTS network border), depending on the employed security model, and whether data in transit are ever in clear-text, or available to be tapped by outsiders. The provided levels of privacy in the deployed VPN schemes, as well as the employed authentication models are examined. An analysis in terms of cost, complexity, and performance overhead that each method imposes to the underlying network architecture, as well as to the mobile devices is presented. The level of system reliability and scalability in granting security services is presented. The VPN management, usability, and trusted relations, as well as their behavior when a mobile user moves are analyzed. The use of special applications that require access to encapsulated data traffic is explored. Finally, an overall comparison of the proposed schemes from the security and operation point of view summarizes their relative performance. Christos Xenakis received his B.Sc. degree in computer science in 1993 and his M.Sc. degree in telecommunication and computer networks in 1996, both from the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Greece. In 2004 he received his Ph.D. from the University of Athens (Department of Informatics and Telecommunications). From 1998–2000 was with the Greek telecoms system development firm Teletel S.A., where was involved in the design and development of advanced telecommunications subsystems for ISDN, ATM, GSM, and GPRS. Since 1996 he has been a member of the Communication Networks Laboratory of the University of Athens. He has participated in numerous projects realized in the context of EU Programs (ACTS, ESPRIT, IST). His research interests are in the field of mobile/wireless networks, security and distributed network management. He is the author of over 15 papers in the above areas. Lazaros Merakos received the Diploma in electrical and mechanical engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, in 1978, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the State University of New York, Buffalo, in 1981 and 1984, respectively. From 1983 to 1986, he was on the faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. From 1986 to 1994 he was on the faculty of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Northeastern University, Boston, MA. During the period 1993–1994 he served as Director of the Communications and Digital Processing Research Center at Northeastern University. During the summers of 1990 and 1991, he was a Visiting Scientist at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY. In 1994, he joined the faculty of the University of Athens, Athens, Greece, where he is presently a Professor in the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, and Director of the Communication Networks Laboratory (UoA-CNL) and the Networks Operations and Management Center. His research interests are in the design and performance analysis of broadband networks, and wireless/mobile communication systems and services. He has authored more than 150 papers in the above areas. Since 1995, he is leading the research activities of UoA-CNL in the area of mobile communications, in the framework of the Advanced Communication Technologies & Services (ACTS) and Information Society Technologies (IST) programmes funded by the European Union (projects RAINBOW, Magic WAND, WINE, MOBIVAS, POLOS, ANWIRE). He is chairman of the board of the Greek Universities Network, the Greek Schools Network, and member of the board of the Greek Research Network. In 1994, he received the Guanella Award for the Best Paper presented at the International Zurich Seminar on Mobile Communications.     

单目图像序列光流三维重建技术研究综述

由单目图像序列光流重建物体或场景的三维运动与结构是计算机视觉、图像处理与模式识别等领域的重要研究内容,在机器人视觉、无人机导航、车辆辅助驾驶以及医学影像分析等方面具有重要的应用。本文首先从精度与鲁棒性等方面对单目图像序列光流计算及三维重建技术近年来取得的进展进行综述与分析。然后采用Middlebury测试图像序列对HS、LDOF、CLG-TV、SOF、AOFSCNN 和 Classic ＋NL 等典型光流算法以及 Adiv、RMROF、Sekkati 和DMDPOF等基于光流的间接与直接重建方法进行实验对比分析,指出各对比方法的优点与不足,归纳各类方法的性能特点与适用范围。最后对利用分数阶微分模型、非局部约束、立体视觉以及深度线索解决亮度突变、非刚性运动、运动遮挡与模糊情况下光流计算及重建模型的局限性与鲁棒性问题进行总结与展望。     

高效双光子引发剂及水相中制备水凝胶微结构的研究进展

对双光子引发剂的设计合成和飞秒激光双光子聚合技术的基本原理进行了简单介绍。着重介绍了用于水凝胶双光子聚合的引发剂的研究进展,主要包括通过扩大共轭链长度、引入强供/吸电子基团、加入共引发体系等来增大双光子吸收截面,引入自由基淬灭基团以降低荧光量子产率,增加引发剂的水溶性来降低微结构细胞毒性等方面。这些研究为生物相容性三维水凝胶微纳结构的制备及应用提供了科学基础,是更好地模拟体内细胞生长微环境的必要条件。接着,介绍双光子聚合制备的水凝胶微纳结构及其在组织工程领域中的应用。最后,对生物相容性水凝胶微结构在应用中存在的问题与未来发展趋势进行总结和展望。     

5G传输网络承载方案分析

5G时代3类典型场景的业务需求对承载网络在容量、时延和组网灵活性方面提出了更高的要求,同时针对无线网和核心网架构的变化提出了网络切片、增强路由转发功能等要求。首先分析5G的承载需求,重点考虑5G的3类典型业务场景、无线和核心网的架构变化;然后结合现网100GE PTN的实际应用情况,重点围绕容量、时延等维度完成需求与网络现状的对标;最后提出了网络回传、机房配套的演进方案。     

Analysis and VLSI Realization of a Blind Beamforming Algorithm

We present the fixed-point analysis and VLSI realization of a maximum-power blind beamforming algorithm. This algorithm consists of the computation of a correlation matrix and its dominant eigenvector, and we propose that the latter be accomplished by the power method. After analyzing the numerical stability of the power method, we derive a division-free form of the algorithm. Based on a block-Toeplitz assumption, we design an FIR filter based system to realize both the correlation computation and the power method. Our ring processor, which is optimized to implement digital filters, is used as the core of the architecture. A special technique for dynamically switching filter inputs is shown to double the system throughput. VLSI design is discussed in detail and chip fabrication results are presented.Fan Xu received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electronics engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 1993 and 1996, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 2001. His Ph.D. research focused on algorithm design and analysis for digital signal processors and eigenvector estimation architectures.In 1997, he held an internship at Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, Holmdel, NJ, where he worked on equalization algorithms for cellular systems. He joined Broadcom Co., Irvine, CA, in 2001. His research interests include VLSI signal processing, customized digital signal processor, efficient hardware architectures for adaptive signal processing and high-performance VLSI design.Guichang Zhong received the B.S. degree from Xi an Jiaotong University, China, in 1996 and the M.S. degree from the Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 2000, both in electrical engineering. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in integrated circuits and systems at the University of California, Los Angeles.His present research interests are in high-performance VLSI digital signal processors design, with an emphasis on reconfigurable and energy-efficient architecture.Alan N. Willson, Jr. received the B.E.E. degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, in 1961, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, in 1965 and 1967 respectively.From 1961 to 1964 he was with IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY. He was an Instructor in electrical engineering at Syracuse University from 1965 to 1967. From 1967 to 1973 he was a Member of the Technical Staff at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ. Since 1973, he has been on the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he is Professor of Engineering and Applied Science in the Electrical Engineering Department. In addition, he served the UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Science as Assistant Dean for Graduate Studies from 1977 through 1981 and as Associate Dean of Engineering from 1987 through 2001. He has been engaged in research concerning computer-aided circuit analysis and design, the stability of distributed circuits, properties of nonlinear networks, theory of active circuits, digital signal processing, analog circuit fault diagnosis, and integrated circuits for signal processing. He is editor of Nonlinear Networks: Theory and Analysis (New York: IEEE Press, 1974). In 1991 he founded Pentomics, Inc.Dr. Willson is a member of Eta Kappa Nu, Sigma Xi, Tau Beta Pi, the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and the American Society for Engineering Education. From 1977 to 1979, he served as Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS. In 1980, he was General Chairman of the 14th Asilomar Conference on Circuits, Systems, and Computers. During 1984, he served as President of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. He was the recipient of the 1978 and 1994 Guillemin-Cauer Awards of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, the 1982 GeorgeWestinghouse Award of the American Society for Engineering Education, the 1982 Distinguished Faculty Award of the UCLA Engineering Alumni Association, the 1984 Myril B. Reed Best Paper Award of the Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, the 1985 and 1994 W.R.G. Baker Awards of the IEEE, the 2000 Technical Achievement Award and the 2003 Mac Van Valkenburg Award of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society.