双轮式摩擦仪测量模型的共激励源动态标定方法

为解决双轮式摩擦仪测量模型参数的动态标定问题,提出了基于共激励源的模型参数动态标定方法,设计了反力约束型动态标定装置,通过共激励源条件下的数据序列匹配,建立双轮式摩擦仪力传感器和参考力传感器之间的数据映射关系,利用分组回归及二维最优化方法确定测量模型参数。试验表明,所提方法可有效实现双轮式摩擦仪测量模型参数的动态求解,对仪器动态试验过程中的运动状态转变具有良好的适应性,拟合的残差平方和比直接对校准全过程进行最小二乘法拟合的残差平方和减小50%以上。     

双肼基硫代乙二胺双Schiff碱的合成与表征

采用双肼基硫代乙二胺分别与HPMBP、对二甲氨基苯甲醛、香草醛、间硝基苯甲醛、对羟基苯甲醛、苯甲醛双缩合成了相应的双Schiff碱。利用元素分析法,红外光谱法,核磁共振对其进行了表征。     

基于双视角的真实感三维人脸重建系统

人脸建模是计算机图形学及三维重建领域的一个研究热点,论文根据结构光测量及编码原理,利用两组CCD及结构光投影仪实现了人脸双视角测量,保证了数据测量的范围和完整性;针对测量得到的几何及纹理数据,开发了可视化数据软件处理平台,能够完成两部分数据的精简、分割、拼接及网格化等处理过程,并通过纹理映射实现具有真实感的人脸模型三维重建;最终,将上述硬件测量方案及软件处理平台结合,形成了一套完整的三维人脸重建系统,并通过试验验证了系统的可行性。     

基于能量空间不对中非线性双转子振动特性分析

针对轴系质量不平衡、转子支点不同心等故障问题,建立具有偏角不对中的水平支撑非线性双转子系统模型及动力学方程。利用Runge-Kutta法求解系统的振动响应,发现低压转子出现多个超谐波共振峰。通过庞加莱映射和分岔图分析该系统的非线性振动机理。基于振动能量空间分析方法,研究双转子不同临界转速区域的振动能量轨道特性,初步定量地分析不对中故障对非线性双转子系统振动的影响。实现了具有不对中故障的非线性双转子系统的振动机理表征,研究结果可为多转子系统的复合故障诊断提供新的分析方法。     

山东胜利发电厂双进双出磨煤机的调试

双进双出钢球磨煤机是近些年投产机组中普遍使用的磨煤机,文中详细论述了山东胜利发电厂BBD 3854型双进双出钢球磨煤机的主要特点及运行情况,重点介绍该种磨煤机及料位测量系统调试过程、调试中出现的主要问题及处理.     

双扭杆双横臂独立悬架结构件有限元分析与关联式结构优化

基于双扭杆双横臂独立悬架的实体建模之上建立其有限元模型,对各零部件之间的连接关系进行模拟,并对悬架结构件进行有限元受力分析,得到了引起车架纵梁产生开裂的原因．对双扭杆双横臂独立悬架进行了关联式结构优化,结果表明,对关联式结构优化后,克服了纵梁开裂的问题并在后续实车上得到了应用,对工程实践有一定的实用价值．     

电化学滴定分析的新方法——双点滴定法

本文综述了库仑双点滴定法、极谱双点滴定法及电位双点滴定法的原理及其实际应用。这些新方法不仅简便快速,而且有利于滴定分析的数字化和计算机化。     

双横臂双扭杆悬架中上下扭杆的刚度匹配和等强度设计

 通过对双横臂双扭杆悬架中上下扭杆的刚度匹配和等强度设计问题的研究,提出了扭杆的设计方法.分析了双横臂双扭杆悬架的导向机构模型简图,得到了导向机构的运动关系和进行悬架刚度计算的方程;以满足悬架载荷要求和悬架刚度要求为前提,分析了上下扭杆的刚度匹配条件;在上下扭杆在悬架运动时的强度始终相等的前提下,分析了上下扭杆的等强度条件.通过对扭杆直径和有效长度的实例计算,证明所提出的上下扭杆的刚度匹配和等强度设计的方法是可行的.     

Duffing系统的双参数分岔与全局特性分析

通过数值计算分析Duffing系统在双参数平面上最大Lyapunov指数的分布特性,得到系统在双参数平面上混沌运动、稳定周期运动和各种分岔曲线的参数区域,结合系统单参数分岔图和相图等,讨论参数耦合对系统动力学特性的影响和系统在双参数平面上的分岔与混沌过程。结果显示在双参数平面上由于混沌运动的参数区域被一系列的倍周期分岔曲线环包围,导致系统单参数分岔图出现连续周期泡结构,系统局部分岔特性变得非常复杂;在双参数平面上,经叉式分岔后系统出现倍周期分岔等各种分岔曲线,使得系统经叉式分岔后出现各种吸引子共存现象,利用多初值分叉图和胞映射法对系统经叉式分岔后的全局动力学特性进行详细深入地研究,发现系统参数对各吸引子的稳定性和吸引子吸引域的演变规律有重要影响。     

双光束双曝光与四光束单曝光干涉光刻方法的比较

双光束双曝光和四光束单曝光是无掩模激光干涉光刻的两种典型方法,都容易利用现有光刻工艺,在不需掩模和高精度光刻物镜的情况下,用简单廉价光学系统在大视场和深曝光场内形成孔阵、点阵或锥阵等周期性图形。双光束双曝光法得到的阵列图形周期极限为λ/2;四光束单曝光的周期略大,为前者的2倍。模拟和实验结果表明,通过控制曝光和显影工艺,双光束双曝光较四光束单曝光能更灵活地得到孔阵或点阵,而四光束单曝光得到的图形孔与孔之间没有鞍点,较双光束双曝光形成的孔侧壁更陡。这两种方法在需要在大面积范围内形成孔或点这类周期阵列图形的微电子和光电子器件的制造领域有很好的应用前景。     

Shrinkage compensation approach proposed for ABS material in FDM process

Dimensional accuracy of parts manufactured by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) greatly suffers from the shrinkage problems of the available polymer materials. This paper proposes a constructive idea for resolving the shrinkage issues and explains how shrinkage could be managed by interior geometry of the artifacts fabricated on desktop 3D printers. The main principle for preventing the deterioration on dimensional accuracy of the holes/slots is to utilize the auxiliary lines located from the hole’s perimeter to the outer boundaries of the artifact. Thus, the shrinkage of these auxiliary line segments simply helps to pull the original hole backward, acting against the predicted contraction. In this paper, the proposed approach will be examined using a finite element analysis tool to predict the shrinkage behavior of the fabricated samples along with necessary measurements taken on the Coordinate Measuring Machine. Additionally, an analytical framework for modeling the shrinkage behavior of ABS is to be elaborated. The coherence of the simulations and the measurements are to be analyzed regarding the effect of the geometry and material color on the shrinkage behavior. The discussion involves the improvement on the dimensional accuracy of 3D printed features.     

Dynamic simulation of a single-effect ammonia–water absorption chiller

A lumped-parameter dynamic simulation of a single-effect ammonia–water absorption chiller is performed. Modeling is based on the continuity of species constituting the ammonia–water mixture and the conservation of energy for each component of the absorption chiller. Ordinary differential equations governing the response of each component and the algebraic equations describing the constitutive relation are solved in parallel by numerical integration. The model has been applied to a commercially available 10.5 kW absorption chiller to study the transients of temperature, pressure, concentration, and void fraction of each component during the start-up operation. The time constant of the absorption chiller is also investigated. The parameters considered are the bulk concentration of the ammonia–water solution, the mass of the solution filled, and the volumes of key components of the absorption chiller. In addition, the reduction of the time constant by a stepwise turn-up and turn-down of the flue gas flow rate during the primary stage of start-up period is demonstrated.     

Capturing Nitrosamines in Environment by Zeolite

To meet the requirement of environment protection, the adsorption of volatile nitrosamines, which are carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke, by zeolite is investigated in this article, along with the temperature programmed surface reaction of nitrosamines on zeolite to assess the catalytic capability of the porous material on the decomposition of the carcinogens. The actual function of zeolite to reduce the level of nitrosamines in cigarette smoke is also studied. The influences of zeolite pore's structure and the surface acid-basic properties of the adsorbent on the adsorption are explored in terms of geometric matching content and adsorbent-adsorbate interaction. Moreover, the role played by the cation of zeolite in the adsorption of volatile nitrosamines is discussed and the possible attracting range of the sodium cation in basic zeolite to pull the nitrosamine molecule is tentatively calculated. Owing to the specific ability of capturing nitrosamines, zeolite is proven to be the most effective additive encased within a cigarette as the functional additive for lowering the nitrosamines content of smoke to protect the environment and public health. Other porous oxides such as amorphous silica and alumina are also utilized in these experiments, and their actual functions to trap nitrosamines as well as their potential application as the candidates for cigarette additives are discussed and prospected, too.     

Corrosion Resistance of an electrodeposited Zinc Coating Containing CeO2 Nanoparticles

A Zinc coating containing CeO2 nanoparticles has been deposited by electrodeposition in a zinc plating bath.The content of CeO2 in the coating is 0.22 mass%. The results of weight loss experiments and electrochemistry tests show that corrosion resistance of the Zinc coating containing CeO2 nanoparticles is remarkably improved in contrast to the pure zinc coating in 0.5 M MgSO4 solution. The effects of CeO2 microparticles on the corrosion resistance of the zinc coating have been studied, the results show that CeO2 microparticles have no effect on the corrosion resistance of the zinc coating. SEM and XRD experiments suggest that the presence of CeO2 nanoparticles in the coating causes the modification of the surface morphology and preferential orientation of the crystal planes; therefore, the reason for the enhancement of corrosion resistance is mainly related to improvement of the structure of the coating.     

Archaeometallurgical contributions to a better understanding of the past

Archaeometallurgical investigations, and in particular those employing metallographic techniques, have greatly increased our understanding of the past, primarily by improving our knowledge of the histories of technological developments. However, these studies have potential for contributing to our comprehension of many more aspects of life in the past. The series of case studies presented here illustrate the application of metallography not only in elucidating the history of technology but also in areas such as the dating of objects, the determination of the spread of technologies and the nature and implications of the contact of cultures with the ‘outside’ world.     

Corrosion of reinforcement induced by environment containing chloride and carbon dioxide

Reinforced concrete structures during their exploitation may be exposed to the common action of carbonation and chlorides causing corrosion of steel reinforcement. Therefore, the related data seem to be interesting and important when the evaluation of the service life of the structures is the object of interest. This fact was a motivation for the present experimental study on the sequence of action of chloride solutions and carbonation of the embedding concrete. The results obtained show that carbonation of concrete foregoing the action of chloride solutions may intensify the process of corrosion of steel reinforcement in comparison to the converse sequence of the action of mentioned media. At the same time the natrium chloride solution has been shown as a more aggressive medium opposite to the calcium and magnesium chloride solutions.     

Modelling enthalpy and entropy of pure and mixed refrigerants with an innovative corresponding states method

In this work an original improvement of the Corresponding States technique is developed and a new model, based on a three parameters CS format, is proposed to predict the enthalpy and the entropy of the new generation halogenated alkanes fluids together with some alkanes. Limiting the analysis of the selected fluids to a specific thermodynamic property behaviour, an appropriate conformality approach can be deduced, which allows to set up a predictive model of high accuracy level on a wide range of the enthalpy and entropy surfaces. The fundamentals of the model are innovative scaling parameters deduced from the enthalpy of vaporization and from two dedicated equations, belonging to the selected family of fluids. This allows to set up innovative models following a CS format. Through the introduction of advanced mixing rules, the models can be simply extended to calculate the corresponding properties for mixtures. The proposed models allow also the calculation of VLE for systems of rather regular behaviour. The required inputs for a pure target fluid are an ideal gas isobaric heat capacity correlation, a single value of saturated liquid density and of vaporization enthalpy; if the last one is lacking, a single value of vapor pressure can be alternatively supplied. For non azeotropic mixtures the enthalpy and entropy models are predictive, whereas in case of azeotropy VLE calculations are possibly only applying regressed interaction coefficients. Due to the lack of accurate experimental enthalpy data and to the particular nature of the entropy function, the validation of the models is proposed against fundamental dedicated EoS available, both for pure and mixtures, for a significant number of the studied family of fluids. The predictive character of the proposed approach as well as the high performances reached, make these models particularly suitable for the new families of fluids regarding advanced technological applications.     

Ice crystal growth in supercooled solution

Study on the crystal growth of ice in water-ethyleneglycol solution was carried out, experimentally. The ice crystal, which was seeded on top of the capillary tube, propagated inside the tube slowly and began to grow freely at the tip of the tube in subcooled solution. The outer diameter of the tip of the capillary tube was less than 0.1 mm, which was much smaller than that of other researchers. Hence, considerable reduction of the influence of the existence of a capillary was accomplished and the initial growth of a single crystal was observed, precisely. Under the condition of subcooling of less than 8 K, the shape of the crystal was observed to be different from that of the one in pure water. The velocity of dendrite ice growth and the radius of the curvature of the tip were measured. It was found that after the dendrite ice developed to a certain size, the velocity of the dendritic growth and the radius of curvature were kept steady, and its values were dependent on the degree of subcooling and the concentration of the solution.     

Untersuchung von Schmelz‐ und Rekristallisationsprozessen sowie Riss‐, Oxid‐ und Porenbildung beim Schweißen

Investigation of melting and re‐crystallization processes and of crack, oxide and pore formation during welding In the paper some known investigation methods of the primary re‐crystallization and of the structure of the crystallization front are discussed. All these methods have disadvantages, in some cases they cause a limited validity or are expensive. The presented new method is based on the micrographic recording of the melting and solidifying metal surfaces. The method overcomes the above‐mentioned disadvantages. It is able to investigate in the welding seams not only the primary re‐crystallization processes but also the secondary ones including the formation of cracks and pores and the appearance of non‐metallic inclusions like oxides. The facilities of the method are demonstrated on some examples of use.     

对广电数字化运动的几点看法——兼谈对信息时代的数字技术标准化意义的反思

从信息革命的角度对于当前这场广电数字化运动做定位分析。对当前数字电视领域中的一些有争议的问题提出了看法。如,公共平台与收费平台的关系,服务平台的统一,整体平移,外来标准和自主标准,数字标准的统一等。提出了对标准化意义的反思。指出,在信息时代,给社会和技术带来进步的往往是追求标准化的过程,而不是标准建立的事实本身。近几年来,许多人已经开始意识到工业时代标准化的“旧瓶”,已经很难装下信息时代数字技术的“新酒”。标准化的工作要有一种新思维来适应信息社会的变化和特点。