多孔硅/高氯酸钠复合材料合成与爆炸特性研究

采用电化学阳极氧化法制备多孔硅,考察不同阳极氧化条件下多孔硅孔隙率及膜厚变化规律,分析阳极氧化条件、高氯酸钠溶液浓度及多孔硅贮存方法等对多孔硅/高氯酸钠复合材料爆炸特性的影响。结果表明,多孔硅孔隙率随阳极氧化电流密度增加而增大,当电流密度达到50mA.cm-2时趋于稳定,当氢氟酸浓度增加时多孔硅孔隙率反而减小,而阳极氧化时间延长时多孔硅孔隙率呈先增加后减小现象,且氧化时间为30min时孔隙率最大;多孔硅膜厚随时间增加而增大,其生长速度为2μm.min-1左右;当新鲜多孔硅形成后,其表面出现微裂缝,内部含大量长度为40μm,宽度为2～3μm硅柱;当新鲜或乙醇贮存7天内的多孔硅浸入浓度不小于0.1g.mL-1NaClO4甲醇溶液后,形成的多孔硅/高氯酸钠复合材料能够发生爆炸。     

多孔硅含能芯片的制备工艺和性能研究

采用电化学双槽腐蚀法在P型单晶硅片表面生长多孔硅膜。利用超声强化原位装药技术,在多孔硅膜中填充高氯酸铵或高氯酸钠制备多孔硅含能芯片。试验表明:采用电化学双槽腐蚀法可以制备厚度达90~100μm的不龟裂多孔硅厚膜;该多孔硅膜能够承受超声填充高氯酸铵和高氯酸钠等氧化剂时的冲击,得到多孔硅含能芯片。该多孔硅含能芯片在450~470℃的热作用下,可在开放空间发生猛烈爆炸。高氯酸铵比高氯酸钠更适合制备多孔硅含能芯片。     

纳米多孔硅复合材料爆炸反应的实验与理论研究

纳米结构多孔硅具有极高的孔隙率和比表面积,在其孔隙内掺入硝酸盐组分形成一种可发生爆炸反应的复合材料.实验表明①多孔硅的比表面积越高,与相关组分的接触面积越大,爆炸越迅猛;②新鲜制备的多孔硅较易发生爆炸,经过存放后需要更高的触发能量才能发生爆炸;③多孔硅-硝酸盐复合材料的爆炸过程与硝酸盐的种类有关,在实验条件下,掺碱金属硝酸盐的复合材料不发生爆炸,而掺镧系金属硝酸盐的复合材料可以发生爆炸;④在镧系硝酸盐中,硝酸钆和硝酸镧最为敏感,在滴加较低浓度时就发生爆炸,而硝酸铒需要在滴加较高浓度时才会发生爆炸.我们依据已有的硅氢加成反应和过渡金属催化炸药分解反应,首次提出了多孔硅-硝酸盐复合材料的微观结构模型,使用这种模型可以合理地解释实验中的爆炸现象.     

纳米多孔硅含能芯片性能研究

采用MEMS（Micro-electromechanical Systems）工艺在硅片上加工耐HF酸掩模窗口,结合电化学腐蚀法制备出多孔硅阵列。通过扫描电镜和比表面积测试仪对多孔硅进行了性能表征,结果表明：多孔硅具有均匀的纳米尺度孔径、较大的比表面积以及良好的海绵体的结构特性。通过原位形成多孔硅含能芯片,进行了热发火和机械撞击发火试验,结果表明：在没有壳体限制条件时,纳米多孔硅含能芯片在热和机械能刺激下发生强烈点火或者爆炸。     

多孔硅/高氯酸钠含能材料爆炸性能研究

采用电化学阳极氧化法在P型单晶硅基片上生成多孔硅层,利用重量法计算出多孔硅层的孔隙率.在多孔硅孔隙中填充高氯酸钠,制备多孔硅/高氯酸钠含能材料,并对其进行了电压感度测试.结果表明:生成多孔硅层的孔隙率最高可达到85％;按照GJB 772A-97标准对多孔硅/高氯酸钠进行摩擦感度测试,爆炸概率为84％;用Ni-Cr桥丝对...     

纳米多孔硅含能材料性能研究

结合微机电系统(micro-electromechanical systems)加工技术采用电化学腐蚀法制备多孔硅,通过扫描电镜、比表面积测试仪、差热和红外对多孔硅结构参数以及多孔硅含能材料性能进行了分析,同时对其发火性能进行了测试,结果显示多孔硅具有均匀的纳米尺度孔径,孔径为20 nm左右,较大的比表面积以及良好的海绵体结构特性;纳米多孔硅含能材料在热能刺激下515℃时可发生热分解反应;在热烘烤2 min或者1.6 A直流条件下多孔硅含能材料可靠发火。表明了纳米多孔硅含能材料在没有金属壳体条件限制时,可以在热能和电能刺激下发生点火作用。     

宽温度范围纳米多孔硅/高氯酸钠热分解特性

以纳米多孔硅粉(nPS)为燃烧剂,高氯酸钠(NaClO_4)为氧化剂制备nPS/NaClO_4复合含能材料,利用差示扫描量热-热重(DSC-TG)法研究其在宽温度范围(25~1200℃)的热分解特性。为了更全面地了解该复合含能材料的热分解特性,同时研究了nPS、NaClO_4、Si/NaClO_4、nPS/NaCl复合材料热分解特性。结果显示,氧气气氛下硅氢键在400.0℃发生断裂,而其在氩气氛围下的断裂温度为820.0℃。NaClO_4在581.0℃分解放热,总失重量为68.31%。nPS/NaCl复合材料在883.3℃出现最强放热峰,放热量为567.0 J·g~(-1)。硅氢键的存在使nPS/NaClO_4放热量达到359.5 J·g~(-1),与Si/NaClO_4相比,增大了15.3 J·g~(-1)。综合热分析测试结果,推测出nPS/NaClO_4复合含能材料的热分解机理:O_2使硅氢键提前断裂并参与放热反应,800℃后未断裂的硅氢键与NaCl发生反应最终生成Si。固体燃烧产物的XRD图谱证明了该推论的合理性。     

嵌入式Al/Ni纳米复合材料的制备与表征

利用硅基氧化铝模板制备出具有较大物理接触面积的嵌入式Al/Ni纳米复合材料.首先,在0.3M草酸、40V条件下通过阳极氧化技术制备硅基多孔氧化铝薄膜;其次,以多孔氧化铝薄膜为模板电沉积制备Ni纳米棒;最后,在Ni纳米棒表面溅射一层Al膜形成嵌入式结构.采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)清晰地描述了嵌入式Al/Ni纳米复合...     

硅烷偶联剂稳定化处理的多孔硅/Pb3O4的反应性能

为了将多孔硅应用于新型含能材料,研究了经硅烷偶联剂稳定化处理的多孔硅/Pb3O4的反应性能。用电化学腐蚀法制备了多孔硅,用KH550、KH560和KH570改性了多孔硅,制成了10/90-多孔硅/Pb3O4点火药。用氧弹、DSC、TG、MS测定了多孔硅/Pb3O4点火药的反应性能,用XRD分析了多孔硅/Pb3O4点火药分解和燃烧后的残渣。结果表明:(1)经硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH560、KH570处理的多孔硅/Pb3O4点火药(样品2、样品3、样品4)的放热量低于未经硅烷偶联剂处理的多孔硅/Pb3O4点火药(样品1),但其放热峰温度未发生改变,表明硅烷偶联剂只影响多孔硅/Pb3O4点火药分解反应的动力学行为;(2)样品1～4燃烧热值的降低次序为样品2>样品3>样品4>样品1;(3)多孔硅/Pb3O4点火药分解和燃烧后的残渣为氧化铅和硅酸铅;(4)硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH560和KH570可使多孔硅在空气中的稳定性提高。     

CuO/PG纳米复合材料的制备及其对AP催化分解性能的影响

为改善纳米CuO的催化效果,以多孔石墨烯(PG)为载体,采用络合沉淀法分别制备CuO形貌为片状、线状、棒状和球状的CuO/PG纳米复合材料,并通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试了CuO/PG纳米复合材料对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的影响,分析了其催化机理。结果表明,与相同形貌的纳米CuO相比,CuO/PG纳米复合材料的比表面积更大,对AP热分解的催化效果更好。在四种CuO/PG纳米复合材料中,球状氧化铜粒径最小,约4 nm,其复合材料的比表面积最大,约115 m~2·g~(-1),故催化活性位点最多,催化AP分解效果最好,使其高温分解放热峰温度下降至310.1℃。     

利用电化学刻蚀ェ艺制备P型硅基大孔深通道阵列

在自制的三极电解槽中，采用浓度不同的氢氟酸(HF)电解液在一定掺杂浓度的p型硅基上，研究了大孔深通道阵列的形成过程。通过一系列实验、电化学测试与分析，从理论上论述了D型大孔深通道阵列的形成微观机制，同时解释了电化学刻蚀反应与HF浓度的关系，指出了HF浓度决定电化学反应刻蚀的进行与否与样品质量的关键。提供了一种利用电化学刻蚀工艺制备p型大孔深通道阵列经济实用的方法，实验结果对其形成具有指导意义。     

硅微通道板微加工技术研究

微通道板(MCP)是二维通道电子倍增器,广泛用于电子、离子、紫外辐射和X-射线的探测与成像。提出一种硅微通道板(Si-MCP)制备工艺,分别采用干法刻蚀和电化学腐蚀微加工技术制备了硅微通道阵列（SMA）。重点研究了硅感应耦合等离子体刻蚀和光电化学腐蚀的特性,结果表明：硅光电化学腐蚀技术易于制备高长径比微通道,微通道侧壁更光滑、可制备倾斜通道、更适合制备Si-MCP. 制备出通道周期为6 μm、长径比大于50的SMA结构。采用厚层氧化实现了Si-MCP基体绝缘,采用原子层沉积工艺制备了连续倍增极,制作出Si-MCP样品。测试结果表明,采用半导体微加工技术制备的Si-MCP电子增益特性具有可行性。     

纤维表面处理对聚乙烯纤维增强PMMA复合材料性能的影响

用液态氧化法对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维进行了表面处理 ,并对其表面形貌进行了SEM观察 ,采用真空浸渍法 ,成功制备出超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强PMMA复合材料。详细阐述了纤维表面处理对复合材料弯曲 ,冲击性能的影响     

Ni-Cr桥膜换能元的制备

为了制作出阻值一致性好,发火电压低的金属桥膜换能元,对Ni-Cr薄膜换能元制作过程中的薄膜溅射、刻蚀等工艺进行了探索,并对制作的换能元参数进行了测试.结果显示随着溅射功率的减小,薄膜的沉积速率减小,成膜致密性提高;在一定范围内,刻蚀液中高氯酸所占的比例越大,刻蚀用时越短.制作的Ni-Cr薄膜换能元电阻的一致性较好,在4...     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.