响应面法优化海藻酸盐复合凝胶微球的制备工艺

以氯化钙(Ca Cl2)和壳聚糖(CS)作为交联体系,膨润土(BT)作为吸附剂制备了负载甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的海藻酸盐(SA)复合凝胶微球,以其载药率(DLR)和平衡溶胀率(ESR)的比值作为响应值(UR,UR=DLR/ESR),采用Box-Behnken设计建立模型和考察海藻酸钠质量分数(1.00%~3.00%)、膨润土质量分数(1.00%~5.00%)、氯化钙浓度(0.10~0.40 mol/L)和壳聚糖质量分数(0.50%~1.50%)对响应值的影响。结果表明,响应值与四因素关系符合二次模型,在实验范围内,该数学回归模型具有良好的预测性。在各因素设定范围内预测最佳工艺条件为:海藻酸钠质量分数2.39%、膨润土质量分数2.81%、氯化钙浓度0.24 mol/L、壳聚糖质量分数0.71%。在该条件下进行3次重复实验,实际测得的平均响应值为3.550 9%,与理论预测值3.583 6%无显著性差异。在该条件下制备的复合凝胶微球,包封率为98.31%,载药率为2.11%,并且具有良好的缓释性能。     

阿维菌素凝胶微球制备及其缓释性能研究

以壳聚糖(CS)和海藻酸钠(ALG)为包封材料,以阿维菌素(AVM)为芯材,采用锐孔法制备了阿维菌素-海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球,考察了海藻酸钠质量分数、壳聚糖质量分数、氯化钙质量分数和芯壁体积比(质量分数1%的阿维菌素乳液与质量分数3%海藻酸钠溶液的体积比)对微球形态及包埋率的影响,利用SEM、FTIR等对微球结构及性质进行了表征,并考察了其在土壤中的缓释性能和释药机制。结果表明,经优化的制备条件为:海藻酸钠、壳聚糖及氯化钙的质量分数分别为3%、0.6%及5%,芯壁体积比为1∶2,制备的载药微球形状规整,成球性良好,粒径约0.7 mm,载药量31.65%,包埋率83.81%;红外光谱分析显示,芯壁材料之间除氢键外,没有发生化学作用。所制备的阿维菌素微球在土壤中具有缓释特性,42 h累积释药率达到82.06%,之后药物释放减缓。药物释放特性符合Riger-Peppas模型,释放机理为Fick扩散。     

吡虫啉/羧甲基壳聚糖凝胶球的制备及释放性能

以羧甲基壳聚糖为载体材料,吡虫啉为模型药物,采用双组分交联剂的悬浮交联法制备了吡虫啉/羧甲基壳聚糖凝胶球,采用扫描电镜和红外光谱对凝胶球进行了表征,探讨了制备工艺条件对凝胶球性能影响,利用体外释放实验测定了交联羧甲基壳聚糖凝胶球的释放特性。研究表明,采用氯化钙-戊二醛双组分交联剂可获得外形规整而表面带有皱褶的载药凝胶球;交联凝胶球中吡虫啉与羧甲基壳聚糖间无化学键合;交联凝胶球的载药量和包封率随交联时间和氯化钙浓度的增加呈先升后降趋势,随戊二醛体积分数的增加呈显著下降趋势;吡虫啉释放速度,随交联剂中氯化钙浓度和戊二醛体积分数的增加呈先降后增趋势;随交联时间变化不显著。在较佳条件下可制备载药量为25.71%的吡虫啉/羧甲基壳聚糖凝胶球,控释时间可达6 d;释放机理初步确定为Super CaseⅡ型传递机理。     

膨润土对海藻酸钠/壳聚糖凝胶微球性能的影响

为了得到一种对啶虫脒具有高负载率和良好的缓释性能的农药载体,以膨润土作为吸附剂,利用壳聚糖的成膜性,采用挤出外源凝胶法制备了啶虫脒凝胶微球。并通过FTIR、SEM、TG、溶胀实验和释药实验对其结构、形貌和性能进行表征。结果表明,所制得的凝胶微球的粒径为1.42～1.71 mm,膨润土可提高微球粒径与球形度,使啶虫脒的载药率和包封率分别由原来的4.16%和36.36%提升为4.91%和63.01%。壳聚糖与海藻酸钠通过静电作用形成了聚电解质复合物,辅助了钙离子交联,使啶虫脒的载药率和包封率分别由原来的4.16%和36.36%提升为5.23%和54.29%。膨润土表面含有大量的羟基,与海藻酸钠和壳聚糖形成氢键作用,可有效抑制海藻酸钙的大量溶胀,提高其缓释性能。     

高效氯氰菊酯/海藻酸钠/壳聚糖凝胶微球的制备

采用复凝聚相法以海藻酸钠和壳聚糖为材料制备了高效氯氰菊酯微球,以微球粒径和机械强度为主要性能指标,确定了较适宜制备条件:海藻酸钠质量分数为3%,乳化剂吐温-20为3%,OP-10-P为1%,氯化钙质量分数为2%,壳聚糖质量分数为0.6%,制得的复合微球载药率为22.33%,包埋率为76.17%,粒径为1.5 mm左右,具有良好的强度和稳定性。     

高效氯氰菊酯/海藻酸钠/壳聚糖凝胶微球的制备

采用复凝聚相法以海藻酸钠和壳聚糖为材料制备了高效氯氰菊酯微球,以微球粒径和机械强度为主要性能指标,确定了较适宜制备条件:海藻酸钠质量分数为3%,乳化剂吐温-20为3%,OP-10-P为1%,氯化钙质量分数为2%,壳聚糖质量分数为0.6%,制得的复合微球载药率为22.33%,包埋率为76.17%,粒径为1.5 mm左右,具有良好的强度和稳定性。     

羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠复合止血微球制备工艺研究

采用羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为基质原料,以戊二醛与氯化钙为复合交联剂,采用乳化交联法制备复合止血微球。以其溶胀率为指标,通过单因素实验研究复合止血微球制备的影响因素;基于单因素实验结果,采用BoxBehnken响应面法(RSM)优化制备工艺。结果表明,复合微球的最佳工艺条件为:羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠质量比为1∶1,5%氯化钙8 mL,乳化剂Span-80浓度2%。在此条件下,复合微球的溶胀率为302.62%,具有显著的体外促凝血活性。     

羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠复合止血微球制备工艺研究

采用羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为基质原料,以戊二醛与氯化钙为复合交联剂,采用乳化交联法制备复合止血微球。以其溶胀率为指标,通过单因素实验研究复合止血微球制备的影响因素;基于单因素实验结果,采用BoxBehnken响应面法(RSM)优化制备工艺。结果表明,复合微球的最佳工艺条件为:羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠质量比为1∶1,5%氯化钙8 mL,乳化剂Span-80浓度2%。在此条件下,复合微球的溶胀率为302.62%,具有显著的体外促凝血活性。     

响应面法优化海藻酸钠微球包封L-抗坏血酸的制备工艺

用内源乳化凝胶法制备包封L-抗坏血酸(VC)的海藻酸钠(SA)微球。以包封率和粒径为指标,采用单因素及响应面实验相结合的方法,确定了SA微球包封VC的较佳制备条件:Span 80质量分数为2%,水相体积分数为30%,转速为400 r·min-1,SA质量浓度为18.80 g·L-1,n(冰醋酸)/n(CaCO3)=3.29,m(Ca)/m(SA)=0.071 6,在此条件下,制备的SA微球包封率为63.83%。为进一步提高包封率,在较佳制备条件下,用SA/羧甲基壳聚糖(NOCC)作为壁材制备SA/NOCC微球,其包封率为77.08%。扫描电镜显示SA/NOCC微球表面气孔明显少于SA微球。     

交联直写海藻酸盐水凝胶中空纤维的凝胶率与溶胀度

以海藻酸钠为原料、氯化钙为交联剂,反应直写制备海藻酸钙水凝胶中空纤维及组织工程支架.纤维的凝胶率和溶胀度直接影响支架的成形质量与所装载细胞的存活率.浸取分离所直写中空纤维的未交联部分,分析材料浓度对凝胶率的影响;以滴注凝固浴制备的海藻酸钙微球为对照组,分析直写工艺的溶胀度表现.结果表明,以4%海藻酸钠与3%氯化钙材料交联直写的中空纤维凝胶率和纤维形貌较好地满足了直写工艺的要求;随着海藻酸钠浓度的增加,中空纤维的溶胀度先减小后小幅升高并趋于稳定;随着氯化钙浓度的增加,凝胶纤维的溶胀度逐渐减小;反应直写工艺由于较小的两相接触表面,其溶胀度比凝固浴制备凝胶微球高2～5倍,更高的含水率有利于保障所装载细胞的活性和传质.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997