InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMT欧姆接触研究

应用Au/Ge/Ni系金属在InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMT上成功制作了良好的合金欧姆接触。采用WN和Ti双扩散阻挡层工艺优化欧姆接触,在样品上获得了最低9.01×10-8Ω.cm2的比接触电阻,对应的欧姆接触电阻为0.029Ω.mm。同时,在模拟后续工艺环境的20min250°C热处理后,器件的欧姆接触性能无显著变化,表明其具有一定的温度稳定性。     

一种在砷化镓上形成欧姆接触的新型六层金属系统

研究了在砷化镓上欧姆接触形成机理,并提出了一种新型的欧姆接触六层金属系统(Ni/Ge/Au/Ge/Ni/Au).在n型GaAs样品上实验了在380～460℃合金温度和50～120 s合金时间下形成欧姆接触,在400℃、60 s下典型的欧姆接触值为2.1x10-7Ω·cm2,同时合金后表面形貌光滑、平整.     

磷化铟基高电子迁移率晶体管欧姆接触工艺

针对磷化铟(InP)基高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT),进行了Ni/Ge/Au和Ni/Ge/Au/Ge/Ni/Au两种金属结构快速退火(10～40s)和长时间合金(10min)的实验.通过研究比较,得到了更适用于InP基HEMT器件制作的合金方法.利用Ni/Ge/Au/Ge/Ni/Au结构,在270℃下合金10min形成了典型值0.068Ω·mm的接触电阻.     

磷化铟基高电子迁移率晶体管欧姆接触工艺

针对磷化铟(InP)基高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT),进行了Ni/Ge/Au和Ni/Ge/Au/Ge/Ni/Au两种金属结构快速退火(10～40s)和长时间合金(10min)的实验.通过研究比较,得到了更适用于InP基HEMT器件制作的合金方法.利用Ni/Ge/Au/Ge/Ni/Au结构,在270℃下合金10min形成了典型值0.068Ω·mm的接触电阻.     

Ge／Pt／Au,Ge／Au／Ni／Au—n型GaAs欧姆接触的对比研究

对用快速热合金方法（RTP）形成Ge/Pt/Au,Ge/Au/Ni/Au-n型GaAs欧姆接触进行了对比研究。实验结果表明，在合金形貌和欧姆接触特性兼顾的情况下，Ge/Pt/Au和Ge/Au/Ni/Au有不同的“温度－时间”窗口的接触电阻率。合金后，Auger能谱分析表明，Ge/Au/Ni/Au金属系统扩散进GaAs体内的净施主Ge浓度较高，因而接触电阻率较低。两种欧姆接触金属系统经高温存贮一定时间后，发现其接触电阻率都有所降低。     

InAs/AlSb异质结的Pd/Ti/Pt/Au合金化欧姆接触

为了得到较低的接触电阻, 研究了帽层未掺杂的InAs/AlSb异质结的Pd/Ti/Pt/Au合金化欧姆接触.利用传输线模型 (TLM) 测量了接触电阻Rc.在最佳的快速热退火条件为275℃和20s时, InAs/AlSb异质结的Pd/Ti/Pt/Au接触电阻值为0.128Ω·mm.TEM观察发现经过快速热退火后Pd已经扩散到半导体中有利于高质量欧姆接触的形成.研究表明经过Pd/Ti/Pt/Au合金化欧姆接触后Rc有明显减小, 适用于InAs/AlSb异质结的应用.     

耿氏管的合金金属及正面反面工艺的研究

介绍了一种实现低成本、高功率、高散热性能耿氏管的工艺制备流程,利用分子束外延生长技术（MBE）在高掺杂的InP衬底上生长n n+型的一致性掺杂外延结构,在外延结构正面利用电子束蒸发Ge/Au/Ni/Au作为器件阴极和电镀金制备作为散热层,背面通过化学湿法腐蚀形成台面（MESA）。在不同的温度下进行了退火对比实验,研究了阴极合金形成良好欧姆接触的温度条件。结果表明:退火温度为450 ℃时形成的金属电极的接触效果最好。关于耿氏管的正面反面制备工艺简便易行,利用Ge/Au/Ni/Au制备金属电极得到了良好的欧姆接触性能,用氯基溶液进行了湿法腐蚀实验得到了较好的垂直台面（MESA）。该制备方法有望实现优良性能的耿氏器件。     

低掺杂浓度n型GaAs欧姆接触的研究

利用传输线方法（TLM）重点研究了低掺杂浓度（2×1017at/cm3）n型GaAs接触层的欧姆接触,通过改变AuGe/Ni的厚度比、合金化的温度和时间等参数,获得了最优化的制备条件：AuGe/Ni/Au的厚度为50nm/25nm/100 nm,退火温度为400 ℃,退火时间为120s时,欧姆接触电阻率为最低3.52×10-4Ωcm-2,这一结果为量子阱结构太赫兹探测器芯片的制备奠定了基础。     

GaSb基半导体激光器功率效率研究

为了提高GaSb基半导体激光器的功率效率和可靠性,研究了GaSb基半导体激光器欧姆接触形成机理并提出了一种新型四层金属欧姆接触结构(Ni/AuGe/Mo/Au)。进行了Au/Mo/AuGe/Ni/n-GaSb在150 ℃~450 ℃退火温度下欧姆接触的实验研究,结果表明,新结构能够在250 ℃~450 ℃退火温度和10 min退火时间下形成良好的欧姆接触并具有较低的接触电阻率,有效地提高了GaSb基半导体激光器的功率效率。俄歇射线能谱分析表明,新型金属化结构中各原子之间的互扩散减少,结构表面形貌光滑、平整,有助于半导体激光器后续封装的进行,有效地提高了GaSb基半导体激光器的可靠性。     

InAs/AlSb异质结的Pd/Ti/Pt/Au合金化欧姆接触（英文）

为了得到较低的接触电阻,研究了帽层未掺杂的InAs/AlSb异质结的Pd/Ti/Pt/Au合金化欧姆接触.利用传输线模型(TLM)测量了接触电阻Rc.在最佳的快速热退火条件为275℃和20s时,InAs/AlSb异质结的Pd/Ti/Pt/Au接触电阻值为0.128Ω·mm.TEM观察发现经过快速热退火后Pd已经扩散到半导体中有利于高质量欧姆接触的形成.研究表明经过Pd/Ti/Pt/Au合金化欧姆接触后Rc有明显减小,适用于InAs/AlSb异质结的应用.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks