硅藻土磷酸盐催化剂中游离磷酸对丙烯剂聚的催化活性

采用离子色谱的方法对硅藻土磷酸盐催化剂的酸性进行了铁表征，催化剂在丙烯剂聚反应中的催化活性与催化剂表面的游离磷酸组成及含量直接相关，催化剂中含有９．１２％￣１５．９３％正磷酸（Ｈ３ＰＯ４）和３．８５％￣４．８１％焦磷酸（Ｈ４Ｐ２Ｏ７），对丙烯剂聚显示较高的催化活性。     

氟对萃取磷酸性质的影响

氟不仅对磷矿的化学反应性和化学加工性能起主导作用，对萃取磷酸的性质也有重大影响。应用集约简缩法对Ｈ３ＰＯ４—Ｈ２ＳＯ４—Ｈ２ＳｉＦ６—Ｈ２Ｏ体系进行研究的结果，除氟盐外萃取磷酸中的氟还以氟磷酸—ｍＨ３ＰＯ４·Ｆ的形式存在，ＨＦ、Ｈ２ＳｉＦ４和Ｈ８ＰＯ４不能单独存在。当Ｐ２Ｏ５／Ｆ（摩尔比）在２～２．５之间，氟硅酸对磷酸起“增浓”作用；Ｐ２Ｏ５／Ｆ（摩尔比）大于２．５，氟硅酸对磷酸起“稀释”作用。氟磷酸的这种突变性，影响了磷石膏的结晶和磷酸的浓缩、脱氟。     

缓蚀剂文摘

缓蚀剂文摘９８－０１缓蚀剂该缓蚀剂含有（１）Ｈ３ＰＯ４，多磷酸和／或它们的盐；（２）钼酸、钨酸、钒酸、杂多磷酸和／或它们的盐；（３）苯并三唑，甲苯基三唑、２－巯基苯并噻唑和／或它们的盐；（４）３，５－取代的１Ｈ－１，２，４－三唑或４－取代的１，２，３...     

催化合成水杨酸酯的工艺研究

芳基磺酸（ＡＳＡ） 催化水杨酸（２ 羟基苯甲酸） 和Ｃ４ ～Ｃ５ 醇的酯化反应,性能优于磷钨酸等其他４ 种催化剂。探讨并找到了ＡＳＡ催化合成水杨酸丁酯、戊酯的优化反应条件：原料配比ｎ（Ｃ７Ｈ６Ｏ３）∶ｎ（ＲＯＨ）＝１∶１－８,催化剂ＡＳＡ的用量为酸质量的５ ％ ～７％ ,反应温度１１０ ～１４０ ℃,反应时间４～７ ｈ,转化率达９２％ ～９７％ ,产品纯度大于９９％ 。     

丙烯在SO_4~（2－）／M_xO_y固体超强酸催化剂上齐聚过程的研究

考察了丙烯在Ｍ＿ｘＯ＿ｙ固体超强酸催化剂上的齐聚过程。实验表明，催化剂的活性顺序为Ｚ＿ｒＯ＿２＞ＴｉＯ＿２，而Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３催化剂几乎无活性。ＦＴ－ＩＲ表明，ＺｒＯ＿２催化剂具有超强酸的３个特征吸收峰，即１０５０、１１３０和１２２０ｃｍ￣（－１）。ＸＲＤ分析表明，ＺｒＯ＿２为非结晶态，而未浸Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４的ＺｒＯ＿２没有上述３个特征吸收峰，且以晶态存在。在Ｔ＝１３０℃、Ｐ＝４．０ＭＰａ、ＬＨＳＶ＝１．０ｈ￣（－１）和丙烯浓度为５０％的条件下，１００ｈ的稳定性试验表明，丙烯平均转化率为６９．５％，壬烯选择性为４５．５％和十二烯选择性为４１．６％。     

合成2,6-二甲基苯胺的催化剂及工艺条件研究

通过实验筛选出该反应的催化剂为Ｖ２Ｏ５ － Ｃｒ２Ｏ３ － Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ,确定了浸渍法制备的浸渍液质量分数为１３－２％ ,催化剂中主催化剂Ｖ２Ｏ５ 的最佳质量分数为１０ ％ ,最佳改性金属氧化物为Ｃｒ２Ｏ３及最适宜比例为ｎ（Ｖ２Ｏ５）∶ｎ（Ｃｒ２Ｏ３） ＝１０∶１ 。通过工艺条件考察,筛选出最佳工艺条件为：反应温度３７０ ℃,原料配比ｎ（Ｃ７Ｈ７ＮＨ２）∶ｎ（ＣＨ３ＯＨ）∶ｎ（Ｈ２Ｏ）＝ １∶３∶１,液时空速０－５／ｈ,原料中加入水可明显提高目的产物选择性。反应转化率为７４－２９ ％ ,目的产物选择性为５１－２４ ％ 。     

异丁烯两段催化氧化制甲基丙烯酸催化剂的研究 Ⅱ．甲基丙烯醛气相氧化制甲基丙烯酸的杂多酸盐催化剂的研究

本文报道用于甲基丙烯醛（ＭＡＬ）选择氧化制甲基丙烯酸（ＭＡＡ）的ＰＭｏＶ杂多酸盐催化剂的研究结果。ＩＲ和ＸＲＤ考察结果表明，本文所研究的催化剂均具有稳定的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构，催化剂物相组成为Ｈ（４－２ｙ－２）ＰＯ４（ＭｏＯ３）（１２－ｘ）（ＶＯ３）ｘＣＵｙＣｓｚ。在３００℃，原料气组成ＭＡＬ：Ｈ２Ｏ：Ｏ２：Ｎ２＝１：１０：３：３２．体积空速１２００ｈ（－１）的条件下，最佳催化剂的ＭＡＬ转化率为９４．１％，ＭＡＡ选择性达８８．７％。     

1-羟基乙叉-1,1-二膦酸铜(Ⅱ)固体配合物的研究

本文合成了六种１－羟基乙叉－１１二膦酸ＣＨ３Ｃ（ＯＨ）（ＰＯ３Ｈ２）２（简称ＨＥＤＰ）与Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）的固体配合物。用元素分析和热重分析确定了这些配合物的组成Ｃｕ（Ｈ３Ｌ）２．１２Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｎａ４Ｃｕ（ＨＬ）２８Ｈ２ＯＣｕＨ２Ｌ．２Ｈ２Ｏ、ＮａＣｕＨＬ．６Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｎａ２ＣｕＬ．５Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｃｕ２Ｌ．３Ｈ２Ｏ（其中Ｌ＝ＣＨ３Ｃ（ＯＨ）（ＰＯ３）２）。用红外光谱和热分析对合成产物的结构及热稳定性作了系统的研究。通过电位滴定法讨论了Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）与ＨＥＤＰ之间的配位作用。     

1—羟在乙叉—1,1—二膦酸铜（Ⅱ）固体配合物的研究

本文合成了六种１－羟基乙叉－１，１－二膦酸ＣＨ３Ｃ（ＯＨ）（Ｐ３Ｈ２）２与Ｃｕ的固体配合物。用元素分析和热重分析确定了这些配合物的组成Ｃｕ（Ｈ３Ｌ）２，１２Ｈ２Ｏ，Ｎａ４Ｃｕ（ＨＬ）２８Ｈ２ＯＣｕＨＬ，６Ｈ２Ｏ，Ｎａ２ＣｕＬ，５Ｈ２Ｏ，Ｃｕ２Ｌ．３Ｈ２Ｏ。用红外光变和热分析对产物的结构及热稳定性作了系统的研究。     

含有稀土复合促进剂的低温磷化工艺

推荐的低温磷化液组成及操作系统：Ｚｎ（Ｈ２ＰＯ１）２．２Ｈ２Ｏ４５～５５，Ｚｎ（ＮＯ３）２．６Ｈ２Ｏ６０～７０，烷基磺酸盐２～３，稀土复合添加剂５～６ｇ／Ｌ及Ｈ３ＰＯ１８～１０ｍｌ／Ｌ，１５～３５℃，３～１０ｍｉｎ，ＰＨ１．５～２．０，总酸度８０～９５点，游离酸４～６点。并对磷化膜的特性及影响磷化作用的因素进行了试验和讨论。该工艺在低温下得到的磷化膜结晶均匀致密。此外，还讨论了在低温了磷化膜形成的     

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

The Growth‐Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF‐7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content

Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth‐inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty‐acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment‐dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low‐BHI PRF or high‐BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low‐BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high‐BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.     

Fatty Acid Profiles of Oil Obtained from Mid-Oleic Sunflowers Grown in Tropical Region

This study aimed to verify whether the fatty acid profiles of mid-oleic genotypes grown in the tropical region of Brazil fit the Codex Alimentarius and to examine the possibility of using traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids. For this purpose, we assessed the fatty acid profile of six mid-oleic hybrids grown in environments with different minimum temperatures during oil formation in the achenes. The tests were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in an experimentally randomized complete block design with four replications. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography. The mid-oleic hybrids presented varying levels of fatty acids, with oleic acid ranging between 43.6% and 84.6%, linoleic acid between 8.5% and 45.6%, palmitic acid between 3.9% and 5.7%, and stearic acid between 2.2% and 6.2%. Some of the fatty acid values were outside the ranges established by the CODEX STAN 210-1999 and were characteristic of high-oleic type sunflowers. This finding shows that we can take advantage of the potential of combining traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids for faster and more economical breeding programs in these environments.     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。     

草酸作助剂磷钨酸催化H2O2氧化环己醇合成己二酸

在无有机溶剂、无相转移催化剂条件下,以草酸作助剂,采用磷钨酸催化过氧化氢氧化环己醇的方法来制备己二酸。考察了磷钨酸用量、反应时间、反应温度、过氧化氢用量及草酸用量对己二酸的分离产率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件,即环己醇10.51 mL、磷钨酸0.6 mmol/L、草酸1.0 mmol/L,H2O2(30%)70 mL,温度85℃、时间8 h,己二酸的最大分离产率为77.83%,纯度为99.9%。