高粘沥青胶浆动态剪切流变特性

针对探索不同类型的高粘沥青胶浆动态剪切流变特性,有利于完善多孔沥青混合料配合比设计。分析材料组成、粉胶比、温度等对高粘沥青胶浆动态剪切流变特性的影响,结果表明,沥青粘度高、矿粉比表面积大,形成的高粘沥青胶浆相位角相对较小,抗车辙因子较大;与矿粉类型相比,沥青性质对胶浆抗车辙因子影响显著,对改善胶浆抗高温变形能力起主导作用;粉胶比增大,抗车辙因子随之增大,并随温度变化呈幂函数关系变化趋势。提高改性沥青粘度或增大矿粉比表面积,均可有效降低高粘沥青胶浆抗车辙因子的温度敏感性,改善高粘沥青胶浆高温抗变形性能。     

复掺钢丝绒纤维/水镁石纤维沥青胶浆性能研究

通过改变纤维总掺量和两种纤维的体积比,采用延度试验、锥入度试验、布氏旋转粘度试验和动态剪切流变试验研究了混杂纤维沥青胶浆的低温延展性能、抗剪切性能、粘度特性及高温流变特性,同时借助扫描电镜(SEM)对其试样断面进行观察分析。结果表明:沥青胶浆的低温延展性随纤维掺量的增大而降低;在6%纤维总掺量范围内,随着纤维掺量的增大粘度逐渐增大,且增大的幅度减小;当钢丝绒纤维与水镁石纤维体积比为6/4时,沥青胶浆的车辙因子(G*/sinδ)、抗剪强度达到最佳值;将两种纤维混杂掺入沥青胶浆中,充分分散,其与沥青粘结良好,发挥了增粘和桥接作用,提高了沥青胶浆的整体稳定性和抵抗永久变形的能力。     

复掺钢丝绒纤维/水镁石纤维沥青胶浆性能研究

通过改变纤维总掺量和两种纤维的体积比,采用廷度试验、锥入度试验、布氏旋转粘度试验和动态剪切流变试验研究了混杂纤维沥青胶浆的低温延展性能、抗剪切性能、粘度特性及高温流变特性,同时借助扫描电镜(SEM)对其试样断面进行观察分析.结果表明:沥青胶浆的低温延展性随纤维掺量的增大而降低;在6％纤维总掺量范围内,随着纤维掺量的增大粘度逐渐增大,且增大的幅度减小;当钢丝绒纤维与水镁石纤维体积比为6/4时,沥青胶浆的车辙因子(G*/sinδ)、抗剪强度达烈最佳值;将两种纤维混杂掺入沥青胶浆中,充分分散,其与沥青粘结良好,发挥了增粘和桥接作用,提高了沥青胶浆的整体稳定性和抵抗永久变形的能力.     

玄武岩纤维掺量对大空隙沥青混合料路用性能的影响

为研究掺加玄武岩纤维的大空隙沥青混合料的路用性能,通过析漏试验和马歇尔稳定度试验确定了0％ ～0.5％ 六种玄武岩纤维掺量的最佳油石比.研究发现,当纤维掺量0.3％、油石比为4.9％ 时对应的稳定度值最大,析漏损失最少;掺加玄武岩纤维可以有效的提高大空隙沥青混合料的高温性能、水稳定性、低温抗裂性能和抗压强度,且玄武岩纤维掺量为0.3％ 时,各项指标达到最优.     

活化煤矸石改性沥青胶浆流变性能实验研究

煤矸石是我国目前排放量最大的工业固体废弃物之一,以粉体煤矸石为填料对沥青进行改性在国内外鲜有研究涉及。采用锥入度实验、动态剪切流变实验(DSR)和弯曲梁流变实验(BBR),研究了不同粉胶比条件下活化煤矸石改性沥青胶浆的剪切强度及高、低温流变性能变化规律,并与矿粉改性沥青胶浆进行对比;在此基础上,初探了活化煤矸石改性沥青胶浆作用机理。结果表明,采用活化煤矸石替代矿粉后,沥青胶浆的抗剪强度和高温性能大幅提高,低温性能则基本相当。研究成果为活化煤矸石替代矿粉作为沥青混合料填料的可行性提供了依据。     

植物茎秆纤维结构及其沥青胶浆流变特性

本研究将棉秸秆、玉米秸秆、废竹、蔗渣制备出植物纤维。采用相关分析和试验评价各植物纤维沥青胶浆的物化特性。结果表明：在微米级结构层面上,棉秸秆纤维、玉米秸秆纤维和蔗渣纤维呈现出空腔管状结构,竹纤维、木质素纤维为实心结构;各纤维的化学成分存在差异,且影响其热解速率。掺入纤维后,沥青胶浆高温稳定性改善明显,在初始试验温度下各纤维沥青胶浆车辙因子提升了23.8%～75.7%,弹性恢复率提高了9.4%～18.5%。掺加纤维后,沥青胶浆低温抗裂性能略有下降,但植物纤维类型对其影响并不显著。     

粉煤灰／海泡石纤维复合沥青混合料的制备与性能研究

从海泡石纤维和粉煤灰纤维的微观结构特性出发，进行粉煤灰，海泡石复合纤维增强沥青复合材料的制备。通过路用性能试验，研究了海泡石纤维和粉煤灰纤维对沥青混合料性能的影响以及结合机理。结果表明，添加适量海泡石和粉煤灰纤维可以制备性能优良的纤维复合沥青混合料。海泡石纤维对沥青表现极强吸持能力，有效调节沥青与胶浆的含量。粉煤灰纤维在沥青中主要起加固和改善混合料的作用。两种纤维的添加，使沥青混合料的高温变形性、水稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗疲劳性等显著提高。     

柔性聚丙烯纤维-改性乳化沥青混合料的性能

基于"工程地圈系统",首先分析影响路面结构性能的因素,然后以湿轮磨耗值和负荷轮粘砂量为评价指标,通过室内试验给出纤维沥青混合料的试验配合比,并分析纤维长度对混合料性能的影响;测试纤维沥青混合料的抗剪切、抗裂、抗疲劳等性能,对纤维增强沥青混合料性能的机理进行解释。结果表明:聚丙烯纤维-改性乳化沥青混合料试验配合比为纤维∶沥青∶石料∶水=0.25∶11.5∶100∶9.0,施工配合比建议为0.25∶11.5∶100∶11.5。当纤维长度大于两倍石料最大粒径时,对混合料性能的提高并不明显;温度越高则纤维沥青混合料的质量损失越小,并最终趋于稳定。纤维沥青混合料和沥青混合料对应的临界抗飞散温度分别是25和40℃;纤维的加入,使得混合料抗剪、抗裂、抗疲劳等性能均有所提高。     

掺加纤维对高模量沥青混合料柔韧性及路用性能影响研究

为了评价单纤维及交织化复合纤维对BRA改性高模量沥青混合料性能的增强作用,并揭示纤维对高模量沥青混合料的增柔增韧改性机理。采用半圆针入度试验、直接拉伸试验和直接剪切试验研究了纤维对高模量沥青柔韧性和剪切性能的影响,通过电子显微镜(SEM)分析了纤维BRA高模量沥青的表面形貌特征,并采用车辙试验、贯入剪切试验、低温弯曲试验、冻融劈裂、浸水马歇尔试验、间接拉伸疲劳试验和MMLS1/3加速加载试验评价了纤维高模量沥青混合料的各项性能。结果表明,掺加单纤维及交织化复合纤维能显著提高BRA高模量沥青的蠕变柔量和抗剪切强度;纤维的微观形貌差异决定了不同纤维原材料对高模量沥青及其混合料性能改善效果有一定侧重点,采用交织化纤维复配方案恰好实现了不同纤维对BRA改性沥青性能改善效果的叠加作用;m(木质素纤维)∶m(聚酯纤维)∶m(玄武岩纤维)=1∶2∶2组成的交织化纤维,其对高模量沥青混合料各项路用性能有较大提升并且更加均衡,改性效果更佳明显;交织化纤维方案对改善高模量沥青混合料低温抗裂性能、长期高温稳定性和抗疲劳耐久性方面有较好技术优越性。     

基于DSR试验的硅藻土/玄武岩纤维复合改性沥青性能研究

为探究硅藻土和玄武岩纤维复合改性对沥青性能的影响,通过动态剪切流变(DSR)试验,以硅藻土和玄武岩纤维掺量为自变量,深入分析玄武岩纤维和硅藻土复合改性对沥青高温和疲劳性能的影响;并根据CAM模型拟合分析了不同复合掺量硅藻土和玄武岩纤维对沥青流变特性的作用;通过双因素方差分析方法,研究玄武岩纤维和硅藻土之间的交互作用,并分析玄武岩纤维、硅藻土以及两者之间的交互作用对复合改性沥青各项性能影响的显著性。研究结果表明:复掺硅藻土和玄武岩纤维可以显著改善沥青的高温性能,降低沥青材料的温度敏感性,但玄武岩纤维掺量过多时,会对沥青性能产生不利影响。     

Fatigue and healing properties of bituminous mastics reinforced with nano-sized additives

The research work described in the paper focused on fatigue and healing properties of bituminous mastics reinforced with nano-sized additives.Commercially available multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and montmorillonite nanoclay (NC) were combined with a single base bitumen and a standard mineral filler to produce bituminous mastics. These blends were prepared in the laboratory by making use of a technique consisting in simple shear mixing followed by sonication.Fatigue behaviour of mastics under repeated loading was investigated by means of time sweeps performed in the strain-controlled mode at various amplitudes. Healing potential was assessed by adopting a testing protocol specifically conceived to discriminate between recovery of damage induced by fatigue loading and other artefact phenomena which may affect material response. All rheological measurements were carried out with a dynamic shear rheometer in the parallel plates geometry.Outcomes of the experimental investigation were found to be highly dependent on the nature of additive type, as a result of the key role played by interaction mechanisms that nano-particles can establish within the bituminous mastic.     

Mechanism and behavior of bitumen strength reinforcement using fibers

This paper investigates the reinforcement mechanism of bitumen mixed with fibers. Fibers including cellulose, rock wool and polyester types were added to bitumen. The viscosity, toughness and tenacity, microscopy and rheological tests were conducted to characterize the engineering properties of bitumen-fiber mastics. Test results indicate that the reinforcing effect increases with increasing fibers up to a critical fraction. With higher mixing temperatures, there is a higher viscosity ratio of mastic to bitumen. The tensile strength of bitumen-fiber mastics also increases with increasing fiber concentrations because the fibers carry parts of tensile loads. With the increasing tensile strength, it is implied that there is a good adhesion between bitumen and fibers. Scanning electron micrographs show that fibers reinforce bitumen through a three dimensional structure. However, there is a critical fiber fraction when fibers start to interact with each other, resulting in lower toughness. The optimum fiber content is dependent on fiber type, length and diameter.     

Reliability study on rheological and cracking behavior of mastics using different sized particles

The objective of this present work was to evaluate the rheological and cracking behavior of mastics fabricated with different sized particles and asphalt types. Two asphalts (base and modified) and three fillers with different sized particles (C, M and F) were investigated. The rheological functions including the creep and recovery property and the fatigue property were measured by multiple stress creep-recovery (MSCR) and time sweep (TS) tests, respectively, while the cracking behavior of asphalt materials was investigated using extensile (ES) tests. Moreover, the dispersion characteristics of various sized particles inside a bituminous matrix and the associated mastic morphology were assessed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the presence of coarse-sized particles in matrix increased the non-recoverable compliance and fracture energy but decreased fatigue life of the mastics. The presence of medium-sized particles in matrix enhanced the high-temperature elasticity recovery behavior and degraded the low-temperature fracture energy and the cohesive strength of asphalt mastics, regardless of asphalt types. When filler particle size dropped down to a minimum dimension, asphalt type had negligible effects on the fatigue response and exerted a positive effect on the low-temperature cohesive strength for the related mastics. In addition, the dispersion characteristics of various sized particles inside a bituminous matrix and the associated mastic morphology can account for the rheological response and cracking behavior of the corresponding mastics.     

玄武岩纤维对老化沥青混合料路用性能的影响

为研究玄武岩纤维对老化沥青混合料路用性能的影响,通过车辙试验、低温弯曲小梁试验、浸水马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂试验研究了玄武岩纤维对沥青混合料抗老化性能的作用。试验结果表明:虽然玄武岩纤维沥青混合料的动稳定度随老化时间增加,但相对于普通沥青混合料而言,其增加的幅度减缓,提出采用相对变形率作为老化性能评价指标;玄武岩纤维延缓了沥青混合料老化性能的衰变,使得老化后的混合料低温抗裂性改善;经短期老化和长期老化后玄武岩纤维沥青混合料水稳定性能均优于普通沥青混合料,且玄武岩纤维显著降低了长期老化试件的未冻融劈裂强度,因此在应用中应适当增加碾压次数。     

Experimental and theoretical characterization of the engineering behavior of bitumen mixed with mineral filler

The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and the bending beam rheometer (BBR) were used to characterize the rheological properties of bitumen mixed with mineral filler that is smaller than 75 μm in size. The study focuses on using a rheology-based model to assess the effect of two distinctly different fillers, quartz and calcite, on the engineering behavior of the bitumen-mineral filler mastic. Four conventionally different bitumens were selected to assess the filler effect. By mathematically modeling the rheological response, predicting the rheological behavior of mastics becomes simpler and more efficient in approach. The rheological properties of bitumen-mineral filler mastics are characterized using the time–temperature superposition principle after data obtained from DSR and BBR are converted to the same unit. The stiffening effects of the filler are relatively small at short loading times or low temperatures, but are larger at higher temperatures or long loading times. This stiffening effect is found to be bitumen dependent as well as filler dependent. The validity of a micromechanical model is confirmed in this study. The Nielsen model was selected since it employs rheological parameters that could explain the filler effect. The micromechanical model shows good agreement with testing data at the filler volume fraction up to 22%.     

硅藻土与蒙脱土协同改善SBS改性沥青性能的研究

为探明硅藻土与蒙脱土协同使用对SBS改性沥青性能的影响,本文通过熔融共混法制备了不同配比的硅藻土/蒙脱土/SBS改性沥青。采用常规物理性能测试、动态剪切流变实验、压力老化和紫外老化实验对硅藻土/蒙脱土/SBS改性沥青的物理、流变和老化性能进行了评价,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了老化过程中改性沥青化学结构的变化。研究表明,硅藻土与蒙脱土协同使用,不仅提高了SBS改性沥青的软化点与黏度,改善了SBS改性沥青的高温抗变形能力,而且有效降低了蒙脱土对SBS改性沥青低温抗裂性能的不利影响,并能够明显减小压力老化和紫外老化对SBS改性沥青软化点和黏度的负面影响,大幅度提高其延度保留率。蒙脱土掺量为1.5%时,硅藻土的适宜掺量为6%。FTIR分析表明,硅藻土与蒙脱土协同使用抑制了SBS改性沥青压力老化和紫外老化后羰基指数的增加与丁二烯指数的降低,增强了SBS改性沥青的抗老化能力。     

Selective sorption in filler-bitumen systems

Factors affecting selective sorption in the bitumen-filler interface and the difference in the capacity of various fillers for selective sorption of the chemical groups combining the bitumen are investigated and described. The effect, in this respect, of the type of diluent, the environmental conditions and the experimental methods are also studied.Quantitative evaluation of selective sorption was made using a chromatographic method, by percolation of diluted bitumen through columns of different types of filler. Among the fillers investigated, hydrated lime and limestone were the most effective, basalt was intermediate, while sandstone and mainly glass beads showed almost no capacity for selective sorption. In addition, the changes in the composition of the chemical groups, while percolating bitumen through a hydrated lime layer, were investigated and reported in this paper.The evaluation of selective sorption capacity of the filler is of great importance in bituminous mixture technology. Since the filler constitutes the ingredient with the highest specific surface in the granular mass of the bituminous mixture, its surface activity properties influence the mechanical properties of the bitumen-filler system and the behaviour of the mixture. Therefore, the capacity of selective sorption can serve as an indication to the future effect of the filler on the aggregate-bitumen-filler adhesion and the stability and deformability of the bituminous mixture. In this respect, the behaviour of sand asphalt mixtures with different types of filler was studied. Actual results were in agreement with the behaviour of the different fillers under selective sorption.     

Time dependent viscoelastic rheological response of pure,modified and synthetic bituminous binders

Bitumen is a viscoelastic material that exhibits both elastic and viscous components of response and displays both a temperature and time dependent relationship between applied stresses and resultant strains. In addition, as bitumen is responsible for the viscoelastic behaviour of all bituminous materials, it plays a dominant role in defining many of the aspects of asphalt road performance, such as strength and stiffness, permanent deformation and cracking. Although conventional bituminous materials perform satisfactorily in most highway pavement applications, there are situations that require the modification of the binder to enhance the properties of existing asphalt material. The best known form of modification is by means of polymer modification, traditionally used to improve the temperature and time susceptibility of bitumen. Tyre rubber modification is another form using recycled crumb tyre rubber to alter the properties of conventional bitumen. In addition, alternative binders (synthetic polymeric binders as well as renewable, environmental-friendly bio-binders) have entered the bitumen market over the last few years due to concerns over the continued availability of bitumen from current crudes and refinery processes. This paper provides a detailed rheological assessment, under both temperature and time regimes, of a range of conventional, modified and alternative binders in terms of the materials dynamic (oscillatory) viscoelastic response. The rheological results show the improved viscoelastic properties of polymer- and rubber-modified binders in terms of increased complex shear modulus and elastic response, particularly at high temperatures and low frequencies. The synthetic binders were found to demonstrate complex rheological behaviour relative to that seen for conventional bituminous binders.