黄瓜褐斑病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究

对辽宁省保护地发生的黄瓜褐斑病进行病原菌的分离、鉴定 ,明确该病的病原菌为多主棒孢霉[Corynesporacassiicola(B.&C.)Wei]。生物学特性研究表明 ,该菌孢子萌发的最适温度范围为15～35℃ ,最适pH值为5～8,水滴是孢子萌发的必要条件。病菌营养生长的最适温度为15～35℃ ,最适 pH值为6～8 ,在PSA、PDA等常规培养基上生长良好 ,光照对菌丝生长速度影响不显著。病菌产孢的最适温度为25～30℃,最适pH值为5～8,光照有助于孢子形成,在PSA、PDA等常规培养基上能大量产孢。病菌分生孢子在室外难以安全越冬,在保护地内能够安全越夏。该菌寄主范围广,能寄生黄瓜和番茄等20余种作物     

番茄煤霉病菌生物学特性研究

对番茄煤霉病病原菌———番茄煤污尾孢霉(Cercospora fuligenaeRoldan)进行了生物学特性及杀菌剂抑菌效果测定研究。结果表明:病菌在不同培养基上菌丝生长速度存在明显差异,以燕麦片培养基、PSA培养基为最适,其次为PDA和果煎汁培养基;病菌菌丝生长温度范围5~35℃,最适为25℃;病菌菌丝体致死温度为55℃、10m in。病菌pH值在3~12范围均可生长,以pH值3~4为最适;光照对病菌菌丝生长影响较小。病菌在黑暗条件下较易产孢。病菌分生孢子萌发温度为10~40℃,最适为25℃,高温对孢子萌发有抑制作用;分生孢子在1%的木糖、果糖、葡萄糖中萌发较好,但在水滴中萌发率较低;pH值2~12范围均可萌发,pH值6为最适;病菌分生孢子致死温度为54℃、10m in。     

紫外线对大豆疫霉菌的诱导变异作用

为明确紫外线对大豆疫霉菌的诱导突变作用,研究了紫外线诱变的突变菌株的菌落形态、菌丝生长速率、菌丝形态、卵孢子形态、产孢能力、同宗配合能力、致病力和抗药性的变异情况。结果表明,大豆疫霉菌突变菌株菌落形态、菌丝生长速率、菌丝和卵孢子形态以及同宗配合能力都发生显著变异,游动孢子产孢量和致病性明显降低。虽未发现对甲霜灵产生抗性的突变菌株,但出现了对甲霜灵敏感性增强的突变菌株。说明紫外线辐射可导致大豆疫霉菌控制生物学性状和致病性的基因发生变异,紫外线可能是引致大豆疫霉菌变异的因素之一。     

葡萄房枯病菌生物学特性研究

对葡萄房枯病菌生物学特性的研究结果表明:菌丝生长最适培养基为PDA培养基,光照条件对菌丝生长有促进作用,该菌在5~30℃中都能正常生长,最适温度为25℃;菌丝致死温度为56℃,10m in;分生孢子在5~30℃之间均能萌发,萌发最适温度为25~30℃;在5%蔗糖、5%葡萄汁中孢子的萌发率较高;分生孢子的致死温度为52℃以上。     

瓜类枯萎病菌生物学特性与药剂测定研究

对瓜类枯萎病的3种专化型即黄瓜专化型（F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)，西瓜专化型（F.oxysporum f.sp.niveum)和甜瓜专化型（F.oxysporm f.sp.melonis)进行了形态特点，生物学特性与药剂测定等室内比较研究。结果表明，枯萎病菌的3种专化型，在形态特征，培养性状以及对杀菌剂的敏感性等方面，既有明显的相似点，也有不同之处，菌丝生长的温度范围均为5-35℃，以25℃为最适；在20-30℃的温度范围内，孢子萌发率较高，病菌3种专化型的产孢量与温度的相关性不明显，pH值为6最适于孢子萌发，健根保，苗菌敌，无敌，根必治和重茬保5种药剂，对瓜类枯萎病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果较好。     

木霉菌Tr01菌株分生孢子萌发影响因子研究

研究了不同的温度、湿度、光照、pH值、碳源、氮源、微量元素等条件对木霉菌Tr01菌株孢子萌发影响作用。结果表明:25￣30℃及高湿环境是木霉菌Tr01菌株分生孢子萌发的适宜温湿度条件,光照对孢子萌发无影响;分生孢子在pH值6￣5的弱酸环境下萌发最好;碳源中,麦芽糖能极大地促进孢子萌发,蔗糖、葡萄糖对孢子萌发具有一定的促进作用;有机氮源的蛋白胨对孢子萌发具有极大促进作用,无机氮源中NH4Cl、NH4NO3也能较好地促进孢子萌发,KNO3、NaNO3等则对萌发无促进作用;微量元素中一定浓度的MnSO4.4H2O、ZnSO4.7H2O能够明显地促进孢子萌发。     

辽宁地区油松松针枯萎病病原及其培养特性

对辽宁地区油松枯萎病的病原菌及培养特性进行了研究。通过广泛标本采集和分类鉴定,确定油松上5种病害。接种试验证明松落针病[Lophoderm ium conigenum(B runaud)H ilitz]、松赤枯病(Pestalotia funereaDesm.)和松叶枯病(Sphaeropsissp)3种病原有明显致病性。3种病原菌在36h时孢子萌发率达到99%以上。菌丝的最佳生长温度在20~30℃之间,最佳碳源是果糖和蔗糖,最佳pH值6~8。     

发酵条件对木霉菌株T23的菌丝生长及几丁质酶活性的影响

为使木霉生防制剂实现工业化生产,本试验对木霉菌株T23的最适菌丝生长和最佳产几丁质酶的发酵条件进行了研究。试验结果得出T23的最佳发酵条件以PDB为培养基,在250mL三角瓶中50mL装瓶量,接种量为6%,起始pH值为5,温度25℃离心机转速180r.min-1,培养4d,发酵液中菌丝产量和几丁质酶活分别达到10.64g.L-1和421.3U.mL-1。     

番茄灰霉病拮抗细菌 R26抗菌物质产生条件的研究

拮抗细菌R26菌株的代谢产物对番茄灰霉病菌等多种植物病原真菌有较好的抑制作用。本试验研究结果表明，在含麦芽糖20g，牛肉浸膏8g，酵母浸膏5g的1000mL液体培养基中，最有利于其抗菌物质的产生；当温度为32℃，pH值为7，在250mL三角瓶中装20mL液体培养基，接种量为30％(v／v)时，R26菌株产生的抗菌物质抑菌活性最高。培养液中抗菌物质活性随着培养时间的延长而增加。培养36h达到最高。     

玉米灰斑病菌培养性状观察

研究表明，玉米灰斑病菌的不同菌株在玉米叶煎汁固体和液体培养基上菌落形态不同，但多数菌株菌落为黑色、有白色絮状菌丝、液体培养的孢子球为黑色具绒毛。不同菌株在同一培养基上或同一菌株在两种不同培养基上的生长速度均有显著的差异，说明灰斑病菌的分化或多态性在菌丝生长速率方面有明显的反映。首次在自然条件下分离到灰斑病菌的白化菌株（20-46）。白化菌株在菌落性状和生长速率上均与其他菌株差异显著。白化菌株的发现证明玉米灰斑病菌存在遗传变异的潜能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。