Cu-0.7Cr-0.13Zr合金时效强化行为的研究

研究了不同时效工艺对Cu-0.7Cr-0.13Zr合金的硬度和导电性能的影响,利用透射电镜分析了合金的时效析出微观组织.研究表明:500℃时效6 h后硬度和电导率具有141HV和76%IACS,强度的提高主要是由扩展位错以及共格弥散析出所造成的;合金在550℃时效2 h硬度和电导率仍具有126HV和77%IACS,析出相仍较细小,但与基体失去共格关系;最佳时效工艺条件为500℃时效4～6 h,硬度为134～141HV,电导率达72%～76%IACS.     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Y合金时效析出行为研究

研究了时效参数和变形量对 Cu 0. 39Cr 0.11 Zr 0. 41Y 合金性能的影响。结果表明合金经950℃×1h固溶后,在480℃时效可获得较高的导电率和硬度;时效前对合金施以冷变形可以加速时效初期第二相的析出,并显著提高其电导率和硬度,60%变形合金 480℃×2h时效处理后,导电率和显微硬度分别为83.32% IACS 和 161Hv,而固溶后直接时效仅为70.58%IACS和112Hv。微量稀土元素 Y的加入,使Cu 0. 39Cr 0. 11Zr 0. 41Y 合金的显微硬度比 Cu 0.41Cr 0.10Zr合金提高8~10Hv,导电率略有降低。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg合金时效组织与性能

为了研究时效工艺对Cu-0.3Cr-0.15Zr-0.05Mg合金显微组织及性能的影响,在时效温度400～650℃和时效时间1～11h条件下,得到时效工艺参数与硬度和电导率的曲面关系,并利用透射电镜分析合金时效后的微观形态和析出相.研究结果表明:合金固溶后470℃时效4 h,硬度和电导率可达HV108和45 S·m-1,析出相为Cr、Cu4Zr和有序的CrCu2(Zr,Mg)相;550℃时效1 h后硬度和电导率仍具有HV106和46.8 S·m-1,析出相完全转变为Cr和Cu4Zr.     

组合时效对Cu-Ni-Si合金性能的影响

利用透射电镜和显微硬度法对Cu-Ni-Si组合时效工艺进行研究,研究表明,预时效工艺对Cu-Ni-Si合金的二次时效强化效应产生显著的影响,450℃×8h预时效工艺二次时效强化效应最为明显,强化效应产生的温度范围在300～350℃,显微硬度升高20～60HV;500℃×8h、450℃×4h预时效工艺也有一定的二次时效强化效应,在350℃二次时效,显微硬度升高10HV左右;550℃×8h预时效处理后,在任何温度下二次时效均未发现明显的时效强化效应.经分析认为Cu-Ni-Si合金二次时效强化效应产生的原因是合金经强烈的塑性变形后形成了高密度位错,当加热到较低温度时,基体残留的溶质原子与位错发生弹性交互作用,在位错处形成科垂尔气团,从而阻止位错运动,产生强化效应.组合时效可在较短的时效时间内获得更高的导电率,经预时效后冷变形的合金,溶质原子可借助密集且分布均匀的位错网络由铜基体快速传输至析出物处或析出物的形核部位完成析出过程,使铜基体得到快速的净化,从而获得较高的导电性.     

快速凝固Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg合金时效析出与再结晶的交互作用及其对性能的影响

本文研究了快速凝固Cu-Cr-Zr一Mg合金在时效过程中,析出与再结晶的交互作用及其对显微硬度的影响.研究结果表明:形变使得快速凝固合金时效析出相更加细小弥散,析出过程先于再结晶过程,并对再结晶的形核和长大过程产生阻碍作用.使得冷变形后的合金在较高温度下时效,仍可达到较高的硬度,如冷变形40%的合金在500℃时效30min,其显微硬度值可达Hv220.     

引线框架Cu-Cr-Sn-Zn合金时效组织与性能

研究了不同时效工艺对Cu-Cr-Sn-Zn合金的显微组织、硬度和导电性能的影响.合金在450℃时效1小时形成了有序的原子排列;同时细小弥散的Cr相与基体保持着共格关系.500℃时效30min比500℃时效15min析出相更加弥散.最佳时效工艺条件可取450℃时效3h～6h,硬度为120～106HV,导电率达68%IACS～70%IACS.500℃时效2h～3h,硬度为112～109HV,导电率达66%IACS～69%IACS.     

Cu-Ni-Si合金的时效与析出研究

分析了冷变形量和时效温度与时间等工艺参数对Cu Ni Si合金显微硬度和导电率的影响 ,同时研究了该合金的析出物结构。结果表明 ,冷变形可加速时效过程和提高时效效果 ,在 5 0 0℃时效 1h可使合金获得较佳综合性能。合金的显微硬度和导电率等性能主要取决于析出物的析出量和颗粒大小以及弥散程度     

热处理工艺对高强高导铜合金组织级性能的影响

本研究利用多道次等径角挤压工艺制备了超细晶Cu-Cr-Zr合金棒,在450 ℃人工时效4h后,获得最佳综合性能:抗拉强度610 MPa,断裂延伸率12.5%,硬度199 HV,电导率77%IACS。通过EBSD技术和TEM分析,揭示了该工艺条件下合金主要的强化机制:超细晶组织贡献了260.6 MPa,析出相强化贡献了149 MPa,加工硬化效果为163.9 MPa。相比于等径角挤压试样,析出相取代了固溶原子,强化效果显著提高;而位错密度降低,加工硬化效果显著降低。     

热处理对Al-Cu合金电导率的影响

通过电导率测量、硬度分析和金相组织观察,研究了不同热处理工艺对Al-4.0%Cu(质量分数,下同)合金电导率的影响,分析了析出相、合金硬度和电导率之间的关系。实验结果表明,Al-4.0%Cu合金的电导率主要受基体中Cu固溶度和析出相状态的影响;双级时效处理对电导率和硬度的决定因素主要为二级时效的温度与时间,一级时效后合金的电导率和硬度会随着二级时效发生改变;退火后的Al-4.0%Cu合金于350℃保温24h后,可获得较高的电导率,此时基体中的析出相为细小、弥散的θ相。     

快速凝固Cu—Cr—Zr—Mg合金时效析出与再结晶的交互作用及其对性能？…

本文研究了快速凝固Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ－Ｚｒ－Ｍｇ合金在时效过程中，的出与再结晶的交互作用及其对显微硬度的影响。研究结果表明，形变使得快速凝固合金时效析出相更加细小弥散，析出过程先于再结晶过程，并对再结晶的形核和长大过程产生阻碍作用。使得冷变形后的合金在较高温度下时效，仍可达到较高的硬度，如冷变形４０％的合金在５００℃时效３０ｍｉｎ，其显微度值可达ＨＶ２００。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．