基于振动模型的采煤机摇臂齿轮局部故障频谱分析

从齿轮传动机理出发,考虑直齿轮局部故障对啮合振动的调幅调频作用,建立了直齿轮局部故障振动信号模型;在直齿轮局部故障模型的基础上,分析了行星齿轮结构特征及振动信号产生和变化规律,建立了行星齿轮局部故障振动信号模型。对带有不同齿轮局部故障的摇臂进行加载试验,对采集的试验振动信号进行了频谱分析,分析结果表明,所建立的齿轮故障振动信号模型能客观、准确地反映摇臂齿轮故障状态,应用频谱分析方法可实现摇臂齿轮局部故障诊断。     

时域同步平均技术在直升机主减速器故障诊断中的应用分析

由于直升机主减速器的结构特点致使振动信号的信噪比很低,给故障特征的提取带来了难度;文中以某型直升机的主减速器为研究对象,开展时域同步平均技术在主减速器故障特征提取上应用的深入研究,分析了该技术在实际中的应用以及在应用过程中的误差影响,在此基础上提出了时域同步平均误差分析的改进方法,通过在直升机主减速器飞行数据的对比应用分析,证明该方法的可行性和有效性,并能在一定程度上提高故障特征提取的精度。     

直线共轭少齿差行星齿轮传动仿真及实验研究

为了研究直线共轭齿廓在少齿差行星齿轮传动领域的性能特点,展开推导了直线共轭少齿差行星齿轮传动的数学模型,对其动态啮合力及振动特性进行仿真分析并进行了振动测试实验验证。结果表明,减速器性能表现良好,几种典型工况下啮合力最大误差值为7.01%,分析固定内齿轮第310,580节点的振动加速度值在齿轮副进入啮合瞬间达到峰值。结论验证了减速器的振动加速度与输入转速、负载转矩呈正相关性,为直线共轭齿廓在少齿差行星齿轮传动领域的后续应用发展提供了理论基础与实例支撑。     

带有侧隙的行星齿轮传动动态特性研究

掘进机截割部减速器一般采用行星齿轮传动。掘进机工作时较大的载荷冲击会加剧截割部减速器齿轮的磨损,产生侧隙,从而影响齿轮的受力。本文运用力学原理建立了带有侧隙的行星齿轮传动的动力学方程,建立了三维模型,并在ADAMS中进行了动力学仿真,得到了行星齿轮传动的啮合力仿真曲线,揭示了啮合力的一些规律及其影响,得到了带有侧隙的ADAMS虚拟样机。同时,本文也为减速器箱体的虚拟样机分析提供了数据来源。     

基于差分进化变分模态分解的直升机行星轮系故障监测

作为传动系统的核心减速部件,行星轮系故障监测对直升机的飞行安全至关重要,而行星轮系复杂且独特的齿轮传动结构使振动信号呈现非常复杂的信号形态,针对复杂信号背景下故障特征的提取难题,提出了基于差分进化变分模态分解(Differential Evolution Variational Mode Decomposition,DEVMD)的直升机行星轮系故障监测方法。方法集成重叠组收缩(Overlapping Group Shrinkage,OGS)算法作为前置滤波进行背景噪声抑制,结合DEVMD方法的高性能模态分解能力剥离出其他旋转部件的信号分量,获得行星轮系故障敏感信号分量,最后提取出峭度-包络谱熵作为故障指示因子进行直升机行星轮系故障监测,实验结果证明了方法的有效性。     

基于扫掠成形法的等高齿模型建立及实验验证

采用扫掠成形法,针对汽车后桥主减速器中等高齿的主被动齿轮,尝试进行高精度建模。同时,对得到的主被齿轮模型,采用Adams软件,分析了齿轮不同中点螺旋角对主减速器振动的影响,得出了最佳中点螺旋角区间,并实验验证了仿真分析的正确性,进而证明了扫掠成形法建模的有效性,为等高齿建模及分析提供了参考。     

变速工况下采煤机行星齿轮传动系统故障诊断

采煤机截割煤层时,牵引部行星齿轮传动系统处于变速工况,且行星齿轮传动系统结构复杂,导致振动信号存在多种调制现象,影响行星齿轮传动系统故障特征提取。针对上述问题,将阶次分析技术与包络谱相结合,提出了一种基于包络阶次谱分析的采煤机行星齿轮传动系统故障诊断方法。首先对行星齿轮传动系统的非平稳时域振动信号进行Hilbert包络分析,然后将非平稳时域包络信号进行计算阶次跟踪处理,转换为等角度的角域信号,最后对等角度角域信号进行快速傅里叶变换,得到信号的包络阶次谱。对该方法进行了仿真分析及基于动力传动故障诊断综合试验台的变速工况下行星齿轮传动系统故障诊断试验,结果表明:对于变速工况下的振动调制信号,阶次分析难以提取特征阶次,而包络阶次谱分析方法可有效提取其特征阶次,并实现了行星齿轮传动系统故障准确诊断。     

基于应变电测与虚拟仿真的结构故障诊断

为解决某型直升机主减速器悬挂装置疲劳试验中发生的试验件与工装断裂次序及试验有效性确定问题,采用有限元虚拟仿真与有限应变电测数据相结合的方法,通过进行不同故障情况下主减速器柔性悬挂试验系统的仿真分析,获得了试验系统在试验载荷下的应力应变场分布特性,并通过与试验过程中监控点的位移及应变电测结果验证对比,诊断出试验件与试验工装开裂的先后次序,实现了多裂纹产生情况下,主减速器悬挂装置疲劳试验过程中的故障诊断。     

减速器系统振动与声辐射特性研究

建立了齿轮减速器系统的三维实体模型和有限元模型,利用ANSYS有限元软件进行网格划分和对减速器系统进行了动力学特性与响应分析,得到了系统的各阶固有频率和振型;在此基础上提取出减速器系统5个外表面和高、低速齿轮表面各单元面积、中心点坐标和节点振幅等物理量,然后结合声场理论的离散瑞利积分法,并考虑各壁板隔声量的影响,通过声场叠加原理计算得到了减速器外声场各点处所辐射的声压和声强值,并将此数值仿真结果与已有的实际测量数据进行了比较,表明用数值仿真和声学理论相结合的方法来进行齿轮系统振动噪声预估的正确性,这对减速器系统的减振降噪和噪声控制具有重要意义。     

无人直升机主旋翼跷跷板运动动力学建模

针对实验室30 kg级跷跷板结构主旋翼自主无人直升机的结构特点,在对其进行空气动力学分析后,基于达朗伯原理建立绕自由空间点转动的主旋翼跷跷板运动空气动力学模型,并以实际物理参数为条件开展计算机仿真实验。仿真结果验证了所建模型的正确性,并进一步指出:主旋翼跷跷板运动系统是自稳定系统;自主无人直升机的结构特点决定了跷跷板运动的过渡过程,而桨叶受到的相对气流作为激励信号在主旋翼跷跷板运动的稳态过程中起主导作用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.