我国电动工具出口现状及对策浅议

经过多年的发展,我国的电动工具行业取得了令人瞩目的成就。在全球销售的电动工具中,绝大部分是由我国生产并出口的,我国已经成为世界上电动工具的生产大国和外贸出口大国。2011年是"十二五"的新起点,电动工具出口企业应认清市场形势,抓住发展机遇,进一步提升产品质量,增强国际竞争力,实现电动工具行业的健康稳定发展。     

我国出口毛毯现状及对策研究

毛毯行业作为纺织工业的重要组成部分,在我国已经成为优势产业,目前,我国毛毯的产量、出口量均居世界第一位。但市场竞争愈演愈烈,我国毛毯出口贸易越面临着巨大的挑战;另外,由于欧债危机的影响,中东局势的动荡,我国毛毯出口处于前所未有的低谷。现结合我国毛毯产业的实际情况,对毛毯出口贸易现状、存在的问题以及实施的应对措施进行了研究分析。     

2011~2013年我国出口水产品质量情况分析

本文对我国2011~2013年水产品出口质量情况进行了分析,近3年我国水产品出口量基本保持稳定,出口金额稳中有升。目前我国出口水产品的质量安全已经达到可控状态,品质不合格、微生物污染、药残超标、含非食用添加物成为近3年来出口水产品4大主要不合格原因。通过对美国、欧盟和日本3个中国水产品主要出口国对我国水产品通报原因进行分析,提出加快海洋食品安全检测技术研究,加强监管力度,实现全过程安全监控;提高出口企业自主意识,强化企业主体责任落实;重视基础理论研究,提高海洋技术创新几点对策,为提高我国水产品质量安全水平,扩大水产品贸易提供参考。     

我国水产品出口存在的主要质量安全问题与对策

分析了2010-2012年我国水产品出口情况,现阶段我国出口水产品的安全性已经达到可控状态,但由于与进口国法规和技术等的差异,在出口水产品的质量安全方面仍存在问题. 通过分析养殖、运输、加工环节出现的影响出口水产品的质量安全问题,强调了渔药残留和微生物污染问题是阻碍水产品出口的主要技术贸易壁垒. 提出了强化出口水产品流通过程中的质量安全技术监督、改进出口水产品质量安全信息平台、创新出口水产品质量安全追溯体系、严格质量管理与提高检测能力几点对策,为抓好水产品流通管理,确保出口水产品质量安全提供参考.     

我国牛奶安全生产现状及对策

随着我国现代经济社会的不断发展,食品安全这一社会民生问题越来越引起了人们的重视。本文将分析探讨牛奶质量安全的概念,以及我国牛奶安全生产现状,并针对存在的问题,提出一些相应的对策,为牛奶安全生产提供一些建议对策。     

九江口岸出口黑芝麻质量的分析与对策

黑芝麻是九江口岸出口的主要农产品之一，近几年来，黑芝麻的出口量和价格起伏较大，国际市场对其品质的要求也越来越高，通过对九江口岸1999～2003年出口黑芝麻质量分析，发现黑芝麻存在问题和产生的原因，探讨解决出口黑芝麻质量的措施，为提高出口黑芝麻的质量，扩大黑芝麻在国际市场的占有份额，以促进黑芝麻和对外贸易的发展，提供一些有益的参考。     

包装和食品机械出口现状及发展对策

本文介绍了包装和食品机械出口现状和前景，提出了发展和扩大出口的对策。     

广西私营企业的出口现状及对策

从2004年7月1日起,我国实施了新的外贸法,允许个人从事对外贸易经营活动。在此大背景下,本文详细分析广西近几年的私营企业出口的现状、存在问题,提出了应对措施。     

出口羽绒产品质量问题及对策

概述了当前羽绒产品存在的质量问题，分析了产生质量问题的原因，介绍了欧美等国将对我国出口羽绒产品采取更加严厉的措施，提出了提高我国羽绒产品质量的对策。     

我国出口水产品技术贸易措施应对工作现状及对策研究

随着我国水产品出口的不断增长,水产品出口遭遇的技术性贸易措施日趋增多。本文结合近几年出口水产品被通报不合格情况,从政府重视程度、各方配合情况、标准及成果转化以及对外沟通交涉几个方面对存在问题进行分析,建议要发挥地方政府作用、建立有关各方联合互动反应机制、注重与示范区建设相结合、加强技术支撑能力建设和国际交流合作等,以期对促进我国水产品出口,完善我国水产品技术性贸易措施应对体系和出口水产品质量安全管理体系提供一定参考。     

Nutritional value of acid stabilised silage and liquefied fish protein

Fish silage made by a conventional method (pH 4.0) contained a variety of active enzyme systems which not only hydrolysed fish proteins to short peptides and free amino acids, but also caused the degradation of free amino acids to ammonia and other metabolic products. Acid-stabilised fish silage (pH 2.0) contained only those polypeptides released by endogenous pepsins with only slight accumulation of free amino acids and degradation products. Liquefied fish which was autolysed for less than 1 h at 60°C at physiological pH (6.2–6.6) and then pasteurised and acidified to pH 4.0 contained polypeptides of intermediate length which remained stable. These processes provide a means for adjusting the peptide and free amino acid content of autolysed fish protein to suit the nutritional requirements of a variety of aquatic and terrestrial species.     

Production and quality of fish fingers from different fish species

Abstract Production of fish fingers was achieved by using fish species such as sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walbaum, 1792), whiting (Merlangius merlangus, Linnaeus, 1758) and pike perch (Sander lucioperca, Linnaeus, 1758). Quality changes of battered fish patties during a period of 8 months at –18 °C were investigated. According to the results of microbiological and chemical analysis, fish fingers were found to be within acceptable limits during frozen storage for 8 months. However, sensory analysis showed that, at the end of the frozen storage, fish fingers made from sardine could not be consumed because of rancidity.     

Physicochemical characterisation of raw fish and stickwater from fish meal production

Chemical and microbiological properties of raw fish (RF) and chemical properties of stickwater (SW) samples were studied as a function of the staleness level of the fish. As time elapsed from fish capture increased, the microbial count in RF, volatile nitrogen content in RF and SW, and dissolved solids and dissolved protein in SW, increased. The apparent viscosity of SW increased as the temperature decreased and as the dry solids or suspended matter content increased. The size distribution of suspended particles in SW depended on the sample preparation technique, method used to measure particle size and whether the size distribution was expressed in terms of the weight or population of fractions. The average size (by weight) of suspended solids in SW was 2.5 μm as estimated by electronic counting. The solubility of protein in SW decreased when acid or alkali were added or thermal treatment (1 h at 90°C) applied. A minimal solubility point occurred near pH 5. The molecular weight of most dissolved proteins in SF was 3 kD. SF also contained a small proportion of 67 kD proteins. The significance of this basic characterisation study for the selection of improved processes for stickwater recovery is discussed.     

我国流通消费领域食品安全现状及对策研究

分析了我国流通消费领域食品安全存在的主要问题.在研究并借鉴发达国家的主要经验和做法的基础上,综合考虑流通消费环节影响食品安全的各种关键因素,以系统科学理论和控制理论为指导,设计了流通消费领域食品安全体系总体框架.在此框架的指导下,分别从法律法规体系建设、标准体系建设、检测体系建设、市场准入体系建设和社会信用体系建设等方面提出了加强消费领域影响食品安全的对策与建议.     

Effect of extracting time and temperature on yield of gelatin from different fish offal

The aim of the study was to determine the optimal conditions for preparing gelatin from different kinds of fish offal: heads and backbones of Baltic cod, skins of fresh and cold-smoked salmon, and skins of salted and marinated herrings. The yield of gelatin extraction at 45 °C was 71–75% for fresh salmon skins or cod backbones, and 86%, for smoked salmon skins. When heating marinated herring skins for 15 min or salted herring skins for 45 min, about 100% of collagen was converted to gelatin. For fish skins, 45 °C and 15–60 min extraction time, depending on the kind of skins, were established as optimal conditions for preparing gelatin. The yield of gelatin extraction from the cod heads did not exceed 70%, even when a three stages process was used. In the case of backbones, 100% of collagen in the form of gelatin was isolated using this procedure. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that gelatin from fish skins was much less degraded than gelatin from pigskins.     

佛山市禅城区食用鱼中汞和砷形态分析及食用安全性评价

目的 测定佛山市禅城区食用鱼中汞和砷含量,并进行形态分析,了解其污染状况,评价食用安全性。方法 使用微波消解法进行前处理,用电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪（ICP-MS）测定食用鱼中的总砷含量;直接测汞仪测定食用鱼中总汞含量;并用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪（LC-ICP-MS）做汞和砷的形态分析,根据《GB 2762-2017 食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》采用单因子污染指数法和每周可耐受摄入量对汞和砷进行食用安全性评价[1]。结果 禅城区常见食用鱼中汞主要以甲基汞形式存在,砷主要以砷甜菜碱和少量二甲基砷酸形式存在。所测样本中甲基汞平均含量值为0.026 mg/kg,低于国家标准限量值0.5 mg/kg;无机砷含量低于检出限0.02 mg/kg,砷甜菜碱含量为0.477 mg/kg。六齿金线鱼（地方名：红杉鱼）中甲基汞含量均值为0.104 mg/kg,属于轻度污染。结论 佛山市禅城区食用鱼中汞和砷含量符合食品安全国家标准,但存在一定食用安全风险,尤其是六齿金线鱼中甲基汞属于轻度污染,食用风险高。     

养殖河豚鱼的加工及河豚毒素消减技术研究概述

河豚鱼肉质鲜嫩,味道鲜美,享誉古今中外。我国东南沿海地区、日本等许多国家和地区均有吃河豚的习惯,但河豚鱼的内脏、表皮、卵巢等部位含有河豚毒素,因食用河豚鱼导致的中毒事件时有发生。因此,有效消减控制河豚毒素对河豚鱼产业发展有重要意义。该文主要介绍了我国河豚鱼食用历史和消费现状,对养殖河豚鱼深加工制品种类做详细阐述,重点探讨了河豚毒素消减方法和消减机理的研究情况,以期对河豚毒素的消减控制提供参考。     

Antihypertensive activity of fish protein hydrolysates and its peptides

ABSTRACT

The rising interest to utilize nutritionally exorbitant fish proteins has instigated research activities in fish waste utilization. The development of newer technologies to utilize fish waste has fostered use of bioactive value-added products for specific health benefits. Enzymatically obtained Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) is a rich source of biologically active peptides possessing anti-oxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-hypertensive activity. Isolating natural remedies to combat alarming negative consequences of synthetic drugs has been the new trend in current research promoting identification of antihypertensive peptides from FPH. In this review, we aim to culminate data available to produce antihypertensive peptides from FPH, its composition and potential to be used as a therapeutic agent. These purified peptides are known to be rich in arginine, valine and leucine. Reports reveal peptides with low molecular weight (<1 kDa) and shorter chain length (<20 amino acids) exhibited higher antihypertensive activity. As these peptides have proven Angiotensin Converting Enzyme – I inhibitory activity in vitro and in vivo, their potential to be used as antihypertensive drugs is outrageous. However, current focus on research in the field of molecular docking is necessary to have improved understanding of interaction of the peptides with the enzyme.     

花胶品质改良研究进展

花胶是我国传统海产美食,属“四大海味”之一,近代列入“八珍”,具有很高的营养和药用价值。目前,花胶以传统的家庭或酒店烹饪预制菜为主,其加工产品较少,存在产品深加工程度低、原料综合利用差、废弃物造成环境污染等问题。花胶工业化加工产品形式尚处于初级阶段,影响花胶加工产品深度开发的瓶颈问题尚未有相关研究报道。本文主要介绍了花胶的基本营养成分、花胶制品的主要产品形式、影响花胶品质的主要因素以及相关改良措施。主要包括:花胶产品的脱腥技术、凝胶特性和加工过程中热稳定性。本文从理论和实践技术方面对花胶品质的改良措施进行了深入探讨和概述,比较了各种方法的利弊,提出未来的发展方向,以期为今后开发出品质更加优良的花胶产品提供一定的理论支撑和研究思路。