大庆高台子复杂井钻井液技术

针对高台子111区块钻井井壁极易坍塌问题,优选出不分散聚合物钻井液体系和钾铵聚合物钻井液体系,钻井液体系具备良好的抑制性能、携岩性能、防塌性能、造壁性能和润滑性能等。经过对极易坍塌地层分析和研究,制定出优化钻井液体系、开钻加膨润土、提高钻井液密度、控制钻井液粘度和失水等技术措施,较好地解决了井壁垮塌问题。     

腐殖酸钙抗高温钻井液体系研究

钻井作业对钻井液处理剂的抗温性要求越来越高,原有钻井液体系已无法完全满足深井及超深井的钻探需要。根据腐殖酸钙抗高温作用机理,采用钻井液高温滚动、流变性、失水造壁性等实验与评价方法,分析了不同CaO和膨润土加量对钻井液体系性能的影响.     

钾钙基PRT有机盐钻井液在齐北1井的应用

准噶尔盆地南缘构造钻井施工难度大,泥岩含量高,水化膨胀严重,钻井过程中极易发生缩径、卡钻等井下事故。利用钾钙基钻井液的强抑制性,有机盐钻井液的低固相和性能稳定特性以及PRT钻井液良好的造壁性,开发出了一种钾钙基PRT有机盐钻井液体系,具有抗污染能力强、失水造壁性好、性能稳定等特性,适合准噶尔盆地南缘构造的钻井作业。现场应用情况表明,钾钙基PRT有机盐钻井液抗污染能力强,性能稳定,可有效降低事故复杂时率,提高机械钻速。     

强抑制聚胺钻井液在YX43井的应用

针对苏北地区Y区块泥页岩含量高地层钻井过程中页岩剥落掉块,软泥岩吸水膨胀缩径引起的井壁垮塌、卡钻等井下复杂问题,研发了强抑制聚胺钻井液体系。采用岩心浸泡试验和岩心滚动回收率试验,评价了聚胺抑制剂及其钻井液体系的抑制性能。评价结果显示:研发的强抑制聚胺钻井液体系具有很好的延缓岩心水化分散的作用,抑制性较强。现场应用结果表明:YX43井采用强抑制聚胺钻井液体系后,完井电测顺利,一次成功,井径规则,平均井径扩大率仅4.93%,完井周期缩短12 d,全井复杂时间为0,降低了钻井成本,实现了快速安全钻井。     

强抑制封堵防塌钻井液研究与应用

针对长岭区块的地质特征与钻井技术要求,通过水化膨胀实验和滚动回收率实验,优选KPAM作为钻井液抑制剂;通过失水造壁性能评价实验和岩心渗透率测试实验,优选胶乳沥青和2500目超细碳酸钙作为钻井液封堵防塌剂。实验结果表明:该钻井液具有良好的抑制性、滤失造壁性、封堵防塌性和流变性。在查2-3井的现场应用中,制定了上部以抑制为主,下部以封堵为主的井壁稳定技术措施,确保了全井的井壁稳定。施工过程中起下钻顺畅无阻卡、电测一次到底、下套管顺利,满足了井下安全的要求,具有很好的应用前景。     

龙凤山气田抗高温防塌钻井液研究与应用

龙凤山气田青山口组、泉头组和登娄库组地层岩石胶结能力差,在钻井过程中经常发生垮塌、卡钻、井漏等复杂情况。针对该区块的地质特性和钻井要求,研制了一种以SMNA-1为封堵防塌剂的抗高温防塌钻井液,并进行了性能评价。实验结果表明,该钻井液体系具有抗温能力强、流变性能良好、滤失量低和防塌效果显著的特点。在北8井的现场应用中,钻井液性能稳定,无垮塌现象,起下钻、电测和下套管作业无遇阻,很好地满足了现场钻井施工的需要。     

缅甸Y-1井钻井液的研究与应用

通过聚合物体系直接转化得到KCl／PHPA钻井液体系,使用KCl、PHPA控制泥浆的抑制包被性能,使用沥青类、树脂类处理剂增强泥浆的封堵防塌性能,维护适当的流变性能并且严格控制失水。将KCI／PHPA钻井液体系用于缅甸Y-1井的现场钻探,结果表明,该体系具有抑制性好、防塌能力强、滤失量低、润滑性能好、性能易于调控等特性,有效地克服了凝灰岩地层破碎掉块、坍塌、岩屑携带等问题。钻井过程中起下钻畅通,下套管顺利,井径规则,满足安全钻井的要求。     

硅酸钾聚合醇钻井液体系室内评价研究

对建立的硅酸钾聚合醇钻井液体系进行综合体系性能评价,表明该体系具有流变性好、失水造壁性好、抑制性强、抗污染能力强、润滑性好和热稳定性好等优点。     

福山油田H107区块提速提效钻井液施工技术

福山油田H107区块在钻井过程中遇到的主要问题是涠洲组造浆,易出现泥包、缩径、起下钻挂卡遇阻,流沙港组泥岩垮塌、电测遇阻、卡钻等井下复杂情况,如何解决好涠洲组造浆缩径和流沙港组大段泥页岩垮塌问题,以及在保证携砂效率,井下安全的同时尽可能降低钻井液粘切,调整好钻井液流变参数,是福山油田花场地区改善井身质量、提高钻井速度的关键所在,也是提高电测成功率、实现钻井效益最大化的主要前提条件。我们在H107区块施工的5口井中优化了钻井液体系、改善流变性和钻完井措施,并进行了现场对比应用。应用结果表明,应用井钻井顺利,井径相对规则,缩短了钻完井作业时间,每口井提速提效果明显,电测也都是一次成功,表明该钻井液技术比较适合该区块的钻井施工。     

锦16区块泥砂岩互层钻井液的研究与应用

锦16区块老井侧钻,多为"S"型井,造成摩阻大、钻头传压困难;该区块上半部为造浆性泥岩为主,下半部以硬脆性泥岩为主,经常发生井眼缩颈、垮塌、钻头泥包、卡钻等井下复杂事故。针对这一问题,研制一套钻井液体系。通过室内实验表明,该体系在150℃老化前后均具有很强的润滑性能;通过膨润土造浆实验,表明该体系在造浆性泥页岩段能够保持良好的流变性;同时该体系抑制性能优良,失水造壁性能良好。在锦2-丙5-215C井的成功应用表明该体系能够有效解决锦16区块井下复杂情况,可进一步推广。     

高密度油基钻井液在威204H37-5井的应用

威204H37-5井是四川威远地区的一口页岩气水平井,三开油基钻井液使用密度大于2.15g/cm~3。通过正交实验优选了该井油基钻井液体系配方,并分析了各处理剂对钻井液性能的影响。研究了温度、油水比和CaCl_2浓度对不同密度油基钻井液性能的影响。研究发现,高密度油基钻井液受温度、油水比和CaCl_2浓度的影响程度比低密度大。数据表明,威204H37-5井高密度油基钻井液黏度和破乳电压控制得当,抑制性和封堵性较好,具有良好的性能。     

腐植酸在油田钻井液中的应用

腐植酸作为降滤失剂、页岩抑制剂、降粘剂广泛应用于油田钻井液,其缓蚀性能,阻垢性能及杀菌性能也有待开发。通过阐述腐植酸在油田钻井液中的传统应用及应用前景,期望在今后开发出一种环保的多功能的钻井液处理剂。     

Application of Nano‐Polymer Emulsion for Inhibiting Shale Self‐Imbibition in Water‐Based Drilling Fluids

In order to effectively solve shale instability problems in the drilling process, the remarkable capillary effect of shale formations cannot be ignored. In this paper, we report the development and characterization of a nano‐polymer emulsion (SDPE) as a shale self‐imbibition control agent in water‐based drilling fluids. Spontaneous imbibition experiments, surface tension measurements, contact angle measurements, particle size distribution analysis, linear swelling tests, and hot‐rolling cuttings dispersion tests were conducted to evaluate the comprehensive performance of SDPE. The results show that the water absorption of shale samples in SDPE emulsions is significantly less than in deionized water. At a concentration of 2.0%, the absorption mass decreased from 7.51 to 2.59%. Reducing the surface tension of the testing fluids, increasing the contact angle of the shale samples, and maintaining the nanoscale size were the important considerations for SDPE to greatly decrease the capillary effect. The low swelling rate and high recovery rate indicate that SDPE also exhibits strong shale hydration inhibition performance. Compared with water‐based drilling fluids without SDPE, drilling fluids with SDPE present higher yield point/plastic viscosity values, and also decrease the filtration loss. Based on our findings, SDPE has the potential to be a good shale self‐imbibition control agent and to help mitigate the shale instability problems.     

快速钻井技术在延长气田的应用

延长气田岩石硬度大,地层复杂,机械钻速低,井漏、井塌也时有发生。通过钻头优选,参数优化,机械钻速大幅提高;改良钻井液体系,钻井液基本能适应该区域的钻井要求;强化堵漏措施,减少了非生产时间,节约了钻井成本;确立合理的钻井液密度,加强钻井液封堵性能,很好地预防了井壁失稳。经过现场试验,钻井速度显著提高,井下复杂情况明显减少,表明效果良好。     

延长气田钻井井径扩大率影响因素分析

延长气田位于鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡,钻井过程中井壁失稳引起的井壁坍塌经常造成井下复杂情况。为了降低井下复杂工况发生概率,分别从现场实测数据及理论计算方面进行了分析计算,结果表明:石千峰组石盒子组地层岩石本身微裂缝发育脆性大是造成井壁坍塌地质因素,井壁长时间浸泡及泥浆性能不达标是造成井壁坍塌的工程因素;允许井壁适当坍塌,适当降低钻井液密度可以起到保护储层的目的。     

Clay Swelling Inhibition Using Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Different Spacers

Hydration of shale formation by water-based drilling fluids leads to several problems, such as the collapse of boreholes, tight holes, and stuck pipe, which may impede further drilling and time loss in rectifying the problems, leading to heavy economic losses. This study reports the development of new gemini cationic surfactants as shale-swelling inhibitors. These gemini surfactants are structurally similar but differ in terms of the spacer group. Saturated butyl group ( GS1 ) and unsaturated 2-butenyl ( GS2 ) and 2-butynyl ( GS3 ) were introduced as spacer groups of gemini surfactants. To assess the performance of new gemini cationic surfactants, two reliable clay sources were considered. The first clay is from an unconventional formation and the second clay is sodium bentonite. The inhibition characteristics of gemini surfactants were evaluated using dynamic swelling, hot rolling, rheology, and filtration experiments. Different formulations based on commercially available solutions for shale-swelling inhibitors were applied and compared with cationic shale inhibitors. It was observed that the new gemini cationic surfactants with different spacers (saturated and unsaturated) reduced the shale swelling by different percentages. The GS2 surfactant, containing an unsaturated double bond proved to be a good swelling inhibitor as compared to GS1 and GS3 . It also showed acceptable performance compared with the common shale inhibitor (KCl) used in the industry. The addition of surfactant has less impact on the rheological properties as compared to KCl. The filtration properties of the base mud were unchanged when surfactants were used. However, the commercial inhibitor, KCl, significantly increased the filtration volume that is associated with the disintegration of the clay. In summary, unlike commercial inhibitors, the synthesized surfactants reduced the clay swelling without affecting the other properties of the drilling fluids.     

延长气田PDC钻头的优选与应用

针对延长气田目的层深、地层老、可钻性差,常规钻井钻速慢、牙轮钻头很难提高钻速等实际问题,对延长气田的岩石可钻性和钻头选型进行了研究,建立了岩石可钻性剖面图;并优选了适合延长气田钻井的PDC钻头.通过现场试验,大幅度提高了延长气田的钻井速度,取得了显著的效果.     

非渗透钻井液研究及其在川西深井中的应用

随着川西地区油气层开采逐渐向深层发展,钻遇地层越来越复杂,对钻井液的性能要求也日益提高。非渗透钻井液是一种新型钻井液体系,它能有效封堵漏层,提高地层承压能力,扩大钻井液安全密度窗口,减少压差卡钻等。对非渗透钻井液的组成、性能特点及其作用机理作了简要说明,重点介绍了非渗透处理剂WST-100的室内性能评价,及其在封堵漏层、提高地层承压能力、储层保护方面的现场应用,并针对非渗透处理剂WST-100存在的不足,对其今后的改进方向提出了建议。     

页岩气开发钻井液技术研究

由于页岩气井特殊的储层特征,对钻井液的抑制性以及润滑性等提出了很高的要求,油基钻井液虽然能够满足页岩气水平井钻井的需要,但其环保问题以及成本问题等成为制约其大规模应用的瓶颈.为此,针对页岩气储层的特点,室内开展了适用于页岩气水基钻井液的抑制剂、增粘剂、降滤失剂以及润滑剂的优选,形成了一种高性能的页岩气水基钻井液体系.并对该体系进行了综合性能的评价,结果表明,体系具有良好的流变性能,在90 ℃下老化16 h后的高温高压滤失量仅为5.6 mL,摩阻系数为0.11;体系的钻屑热滚回收率达到了98.88%,具有良好的抑制性能;体系在150 ℃高温下老化后仍可保持较好的流变性能和降滤失性能,表明体系具有较强的抗温能力;体系在加入5%的粘土和氯化钠后流变性变化不大,说明体系具有较强的抗污染能力.说明优选的高性能页岩气水基钻井液体系具有优良的综合性能,能够满足页岩气水平井钻井的需要.