纳米陶瓷添加剂在润滑油中的摩擦学性能研究

采用摩擦磨损试验机考察了纳米陶瓷添加剂的抗磨和极压性能,利用扫描式电子显微镜观察磨损表面的形貌,对它的摩擦学性能进行了研究.结果表明:当润滑油中含有少量纳米陶瓷粒子时,就能大幅度提高润滑油的抗磨和极压性能,其最佳含量为3%,与ZDDP进行对比的试验显示,在低负荷长时间磨擦性能方面ZDDP远不如纳米陶瓷添加剂,含有纳米陶瓷添加剂的润滑油在低负荷长时间摩擦过程中,主要发生的是疲劳磨损和擦伤.     

环保型纳米润滑材料的研究

从环保角度,选择了两种纳米材料作为润滑油抗磨、极压添加剂。介绍了纳米材料的制备,根据亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)选择了合适的表面活性剂,并将其加入到含有单种或两种复合纳米粒子的润滑油中进行表面改性,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定含纳米粒子的润滑油的摩擦学性能。结果表明:含纳米粒子的润滑油具有良好的抗磨减摩性能,且含复合纳米粒子的润滑材料的抗磨减摩性能比单种纳米粒子的润滑材料的抗磨减摩性能好。这里还探讨了纳米润滑材料的抗磨减摩机理。     

碳纳米管添加剂摩擦学性能研究及机制探讨

运用四球摩擦磨损试验机,考察了碳纳米管作为某商品润滑油添加剂的摩擦磨损性能,采用光学显微镜对磨斑直径进行测量评定,用扫描电子显微镜对磨斑的表面形貌进行观察分析,并对碳纳米管的抗磨与润滑机制进行探讨。结果表明:碳纳米管作为润滑油添加剂表现出优良的减摩抗磨性能,在质量分数为0.012 5%~0.050%时,润滑油的抗磨性能显著提高,摩擦因数减小最大达28%,磨斑直径减小达30%;进一步实验研究表明碳纳米管添加剂对润滑油的抗磨性能作用在低载荷下更加显著。     

纳米Sn粒子的制备及其作润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

用化学还原法制备了表面经油酸修饰的纳米Sn粒子,并在透射电镜(TEM)下观测到所制备的纳米Sn粒子呈球形、平均粒径为20 nm。在MSR-10D四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了纳米Sn粒子作为CF-4 15W/40润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,并在扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)上对钢球磨斑表面进行了形貌观测和表层成分分析。试验结果表明,纳米Sn粒子作为润滑油添加剂具有一定的减摩性能和较好的抗磨性能,当所添加的体积分数仅为0.1%时,添加纳米Sn粒子润滑油的摩擦力比基础油降低了16.64%,其磨斑直径比基础油减小了38.4%。分析认为,纳米Sn粒子通过隔离摩擦表面而改善了润滑油的减摩抗磨性能。     

修饰的纳米铜粒子在聚α烯烃合成油中的摩擦学性能

采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察了二烃基二硫代磷酸盐（DDP）修饰的纳米铜粒子在聚α烯烃合成油中的抗磨减摩性能,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨斑表面的形貌。结果表明,DDP修饰的纳米铜粒子作为添加剂提高了摩擦副的承载能力和抗磨减摩性能,同时磨斑表面更加光滑平整。     

磷、氮改性油酸水溶性润滑添加剂的合成及摩擦学性能

以油酸为原料，合成了一种新型含磷、氮水溶性润滑添加剂，用红外光谱仪对其主要官能团进行了鉴定，用摩擦磨损试验机考察了合成产物在水中的摩擦学性能，用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了磨斑表面的形貌，并用X射线光电子能谱仪分析了钢球磨损表面典型元素的化学状态。结果表明：含磷、氮水溶性润滑添加剂具有优良的抗磨和减摩性能，添加剂在钢球磨损表面形成了吸附膜和（或）摩擦化学反应膜，表现出良好的抗磨和极压作用，从而提高了添加剂在中水的摩擦学性能。     

纳米固体润滑颗粒对微织构表面摩擦学性能的影响研究

基于RTEC-MFT-5000型多功能磨损试验机,研究了纳米固体润滑颗粒作为润滑油添加剂对微凹坑织构表面摩擦学性能的影响。在研究中,应用NanoFocus共聚焦显微镜观测试样表面微织构形貌,获取磨痕处二维截面轮廓图。借助扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪,对磨损区域微凹坑形貌及磨痕部位微凹坑内外的元素成分进行分析。研究结果表明,添加纳米固体润滑颗粒的润滑油,在不同工况条件下均具有较优的减摩特性,固体润滑颗粒作为添加剂有助于在磨损区域形成一层固体润滑膜,减小摩擦副之间的摩擦因数,提高耐磨性能。含有纳米二硫化钼固体颗粒添加剂的润滑油,其减摩抗磨效果优于含有纳米石墨固体颗粒添加剂的润滑油。表面微织构技术与纳米固体润滑颗粒添加剂相结合,可以表现出更为优异的协同润滑效果。     

添加纳米磁性微粒的润滑油摩擦学行为研究

用化学方法制备纳米MnZnFe2O4磁性微粒,在四球摩擦磨损试验机和立式万能摩擦磨损试验机上考察了MnZnFe2O4纳米磁性微粒作为润滑油添加剂的抗磨减摩性能及对磨损表面的修复作用,并用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了磨斑表面形貌。实验表明,MnZnFe2O4纳米微粒添加剂可以显著提高基础油的承载能力,减小磨斑直径;磁性颗粒有利于加强吸附在摩擦副表面上形成物理吸附膜,并在摩擦表面形成自修复膜,对磨损表面具有一定的修复作用。     

羟基硅酸盐/纳米铜复合添加剂摩擦学性能研究

由羟基硅酸镁和纳米铜粉体按质量比1∶1组成复合添加剂,利用MJ-800型四球摩擦磨损试验机考察复合粉体、硅酸盐粉体和纳米铜分别作为N68基础油添加剂的摩擦学性能,借助JSM3010型扫描电子显微镜及EDS测试分析钢球磨痕的表面形貌和成分组成,研究了添加剂的作用机制.结果表明:添加剂的引入明显改善了基础油的摩擦学性能,添加剂粒子通过吸附、填充、微滚珠以及熔融铺展作用降低钢球磨损,并对磨损表面进行一定的修复;硅酸盐粉体和纳米铜表现出良好的协同抗磨效应,复合添加剂的极压抗磨性能优于硅酸盐粉体或纳米铜单独作为添加剂.     

水溶性噻二唑衍生物的合成及其摩擦学性能研究

合成一种新型水溶性噻二唑衍生物,采用红外光谱仪对其结构进行表征,采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察其在三乙醇胺水溶液中的摩擦学性能,采用表面轮廓仪及扫描电子显微镜观察磨斑表面形貌。SRV摩擦实验结果表明,该添加剂能显著改善三乙醇胺基础液的抗磨减摩性能,并能有效避免疲劳磨损;XPS结果显示,添加剂通过与摩擦副表面的摩擦反应生成FeS及Fe2O3等反应膜,起到极压抗磨的效果;同时该添加剂还具有很好的抑制铜片腐蚀的性能,是一种环境友好的多功能润滑添加剂。     

金属陶瓷添加剂对船舶主机汽缸套-活塞环摩擦学行为的影响

将普通CD40润滑油作为基础润滑油，在3种不同的载荷作用下，对含有金属陶瓷添加剂润滑油对汽缸套-活塞环摩擦磨损特性的影响进行了模拟试验研究，并与实际使用的普通CD40润滑油的试验结果进行了比较。研究结果表明，汽缸套-活塞环摩擦副在这种添加剂作用下，其磨损失重及摩擦因数都大幅度降低。摩擦副表面扫描电镜分析结果也表明，这种添加剂使摩擦表面更光滑，其本身具有表面自修复作用。     

纳米ZnS粒子作为润滑油添加剂摩擦学性能研究

采用均匀沉淀法制备了硬脂酸修饰的纳米ZnS粒子,用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对磨斑进行了表面分析.结果表明:在一定添加量范围内,硬脂酸修饰的纳米ZnS粒子可明显改善基础油的摩擦学性能;在摩擦过程中,纳米ZnS粒子在摩擦表面的沉积和通过摩擦化学反应生成的化学反应膜,显著提高了基础油的抗磨减摩性能.     

新型硼氮型润滑油添加剂的合成及摩擦学性能

以植物油为原料合成了一种新型硼氮型润滑油添加剂,采用摩擦磨损试验机考察了它在加氢基础油和成品油中的摩擦学性能,结果表明此添加剂具有良好的抗磨减摩效果.用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪观察分析了磨痕表面的形貌及元素,发现磨损表面含有大量的硼元素,表明在摩擦过程中,通过物理吸附和化学反应在摩擦表面生成了含硼润滑膜,起减摩和抗磨作用.     

Effect of Particle Concentration on Tribological Properties of ZnO Nanofluids

In this research, oleic acid surface-modified ZnO nanoparticles were successfully dispersed into 60SN base oil. The distribution of ZnO nanoparticles in the lubricant was tested by transmission electron microscopy. The friction and wear properties of nanofluids were evaluated with a four-ball tester, and the morphologies of wear scars were measured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a surface profiler. Results show that oleic acid can improve the stability of ZnO nanoparticles in the lubricant; oil-based nanofluids with ZnO nanoparticles could remarkably reduce friction and wear. When the amount of oleic acid added was 8 wt% and ZnO nanoparticles was 0.5 wt%, the coefficient of friction and average diameter of the wear scars were minimum and the fluid exhibited better friction-reducing and antiwear properties.     

碳酸酯对Ti6Al4V/钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用SRV型微动摩擦磨损实验机分别考察了Ti6Al4V-钢摩擦副在2种碳酸酯润滑下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪分析了Ti6Al4V磨斑表面形貌和典型元素的化学状态。结果表明,2种碳酸酯作为Ti6Al4V/钢摩擦副的润滑剂所表现出的减摩抗磨和承载能力优于其相对应的脂肪醇;载荷和频率明显影响Ti6Al4V/钢摩擦副在碳酸酯润滑下的摩擦磨损行为;碳酸二-2-乙基己酯所表现出的减摩抗磨和承载能力明显优于碳酸二辛酯;2种碳酸酯对Ti6Al4V/钢摩擦副的润滑机制为在Ti6Al4V磨损表面形成吸附膜,从而起到减摩抗磨的作用。     

表面修饰硼酸镁纳米微粒的制备及其在水中的润滑性能

用化学沉淀法制备了油酸三乙醇胺修饰的硼酸镁纳米微粒,并用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪等对微粒进行了表征;采用四球摩擦磨损试验机研究了其在水溶液中的润滑,用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨斑表面形貌,用X射线光电子能谱分析了磨斑表面的化学成分。结果表明:所制备的硼酸镁纳米微粒粒径为40~60 nm,并且表面修饰剂与纳米微粒发生了化学反应;纳米微粒在摩擦副表面形成了一层润滑膜;在摩擦副表面检测出镁、硼、铁等的氧化物,这些氧化物保护膜起到良好的润滑作用。     

油润滑条件下有机物修饰纳米铜颗粒改善铁基摩擦副摩擦磨损的研究

在球盘式摩擦磨损试验机上考察了有机物修饰的纳米铜颗粒作为50CC润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能;采用SEM和EDS分析了磨损表面形貌和表面膜元素组成。探讨了纳米铜颗粒的摩擦学作用机制：结果表明：有机物修饰的纳米铜颗粒作为添加剂能显著改善50CC润滑油的抗磨减摩性能,含0．05％纳米铜油样润滑下的摩擦因数与磨损量同基础油润滑下相比分别降低了27．6％与60％。分析后认为,纳米铜颗粒通过对摩擦表面进行修复及在摩擦表面成膜两种作用有效地改善了摩擦磨损性能。     

Preparation and Tribological Properties of Surface-Capped Copper Nanoparticle as a Water-Based Lubricant Additive

Cu nanoparticle surface-capped by methoxylpolyethyleneglycol xanthate was synthesized using in situ surface-modification technique. The size, morphology and phase structure of as-prepared Cu nanoparticle were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The tribological properties of as-synthesized Cu nanoparticle as an additive in distilled water were investigated with a four-ball machine, and the morphology and elemental composition of worn steel surfaces were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer attachment. Results show that as-synthesized Cu nanoparticle as a water-based lubricant additive is able to significantly improve the tribological properties and load-carrying capacity of distilled water, which is ascribed to the deposition of Cu nanoparticles on steel sliding surfaces giving rise to a protective and lubricious Cu layer thereon. In the meantime, they may also tribochemically react with rubbing steel surfaces to generate a boundary lubricating film consisting of Cu, FeS and FeSO₄ on the rubbed steel surface, which helps to result in greatly improved tribological properties of distilled water, thereby reducing friction and wear of the steel–steel pair.     

The Preparation and Tribological Investigation of Ni–P Amorphous Alloy Nanoparticles

Amorphous Ni–P alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction of nickel acetate in water reacted with sodium hypophosphite under stirring. The nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results of XRD and TEM showed that nanoparticles have an average diameter 100 nm. And XPS analysis indicated that part of the surface of Ni–P amorphous alloy nanoparticles was oxidized. The tribological properties of the prepared Ni–P nanoparticles as an additive in lithium grease were evaluated with a four-ball friction and wear tester. The worn surfaces of the lubricated GCr15 steel were analyzed by means of XPS and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lubricating mechanisms were discussed on the basis of XPS and SEM analyses of the worn steel surfaces. The results show that these nanoparticles as a grease additive can effectively enhance the friction-reduction and antiwear ability of lithium grease. Tribochemical reactions were involved for steel–steel frictional pair lubricated with the lithium grease containing amorphous Ni–P alloy nanoparticles, with the formation of a boundary lubricating and protecting film composed of additives of lithium grease and tribochemical reaction products (iron phosphate, iron oxides, nickel oxide, nickel, etc.) of the lubricants. This contributes to improve the tribological properties of the lithium grease.     

Morphology investigation of worn bearing surfaces using SiO2 nanolubrication system

The new technology that uses nanoparticles as additive of lubricant has become an attractive study recently. The performance of nano-SiO₂ which acts as the nanoparticle in the lubrication system is investigated. Tests were conducted at nanolubrication mixing ratio of 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, and 0.8 wt.% of SiO₂ with plain bearings using a 2,750 rpm high-speed rotating motor. For each mixing ration, the frictional temperature and weight loss of plain bearings were recorded and compared. During the surface morphology, the worn bearing surfaces are investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The surface element analysis was also employed to get more morphology investigation by using energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer as well as element mapping. The results showed that tribology performance of nanolubricant is at optimum by using 0.5 wt.% mixing ratio.