Mobility management protocols for next-generation all-IP satellite networks [architectures and protocols for mobility management in all-IP mobile networks]

To provide ubiquitous terrestrial Internet coverage mobility and Internet-based access to data generated by satellites, there is a strong desire to integrate the terrestrial Internet and satellite networks. This requires satellites that are based on IP for communications. Rotation of low Earth orbit satellites around the Earth results in communicating with different ground stations over time, and requires mobility management protocols for seamless communication between the Internet and satellite networks. In this article we provide a comprehensive summary and comparison of state-of-the-art research on mobility management schemes for satellite networks. The schemes are based on network and transport layers for managing host and network mobility. This article clearly indicates the aspects that need further research and which mobility management schemes are the best candidates for satellite networks.     

An all-IP approach for UMTS third-generation mobile networks

This article describes the UMTS all-IP approach for third-generation mobile systems, with emphasis on the core network architecture. Following the introduction of the core network nodes, we elaborate on application-level registration, circuit-switched call origination, packet-switched call origination, and packet-switched call termination.     

Mobility management for all-IP mobile networks: mobile IPv6 vs. proxy mobile IPv6 [architectures and protocols for mobility management in all-IP mobile networks]

Recently, a network-based mobility management protocol called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is being actively standardized by the IETF NETLMM working group, and is starting to attract considerable attention among the telecommunication and Internet communities. Unlike the various existing protocols for IP mobility management such as Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), which are host-based approaches, a network-based approach such as PMIPv6 has salient features and is expected to expedite the real deployment of IP mobility management. In this article, starting by showing the validity of a network-based approach, we present qualitative and quantitative analyses of the representative host-based and network-based mobility management approaches (i.e., MIPv6 and PMIPv6), which highlight the main desirable features and key strengths of PMIPv6. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison among the various existing well-known mobility support protocols is investigated. Although the development of PMIPv6 is at an early stage yet, it is strongly expected that PMIPv6 will be a promising candidate solution for realizing the next-generation all-IP mobile networks.     

A mobility toolbox architecture for all-IP networks: an ambient networks approach [architectures and protocols for mobility management in all-IP mobile networks]

The future Internet will need to cater to an increasing number of mobile devices and mobile networks, roaming across different access networks and trust domains. In addition, various limitations imposed by the end user, service provider, or network operator agreements and preferences will need to be considered. A plethora of mobility management protocols have been proposed to handle different and mostly limited sets of these mobility requirements. In this article we make the case for coexistence of mobility protocols in order to support the large range of mobility scenarios possible in future all-IP networks. This coexistence takes the form of a mobility toolbox that enables mobility handling mechanisms to be selected according to the context. We then present a design for the mobility toolbox as a component of the ambient networks architecture, including a simplified mobility tool interface toward protocol modules, and show how it meets the requirements of future all-IP networks. We further demonstrate the feasibility and performance gains of the mobility toolbox architecture with a prototype implementation based on network mobility.     

Mobility management in integrated wireless-ATM networks

There is an emerging interest in integrating mobile wireless communication with Broadband ISDN based on the ATM technology. Many issues arise when such integration is attempted. This paper addresses the problem of mobility management, i.e., that of tracking the current ATM addresses of mobile terminals and sustaining active ATM connections as mobiles move. The paper presents some architectural options for integrating wireless access to ATM networks and highlights an architecture based oninterworking devices to provide transparent mobility support in existing ATM networks. Location management and handoff solutions for this architecture are then presented. Also, how procedures for multiprotocol transport over ATM networks may be adopted to perform location management is described.A version of this paper appeared in the proceedings of ACM Mobicom '95.     

Mobility management in heterogeneous wireless networks

In heterogeneous wireless networks, mobile users are able to move from their home networks to different foreign networks while maintaining access capability to their subscribed services, which refers to global mobility. One of the key challenges in global mobility management is intersystem location management, which consists of keeping track of mobile users who roam into foreign networks. This paper presents an overview of mobility management in heterogeneous wireless networks and introduces a scheme which improves location management efficiency in terms of total signaling costs and intersystem paging delay. More specifically, cost reduction reaches about 50% when comparing the proposed architecture with conventional architectures.     

Mobility management in wireless ATM networks

Mobile ATM offers a common wired network infrastructure to support mobility of wireless terminals, independent of the wireless access protocol. In addition, it allows seamless migration to future wireless broadband services, such as wireless ATM, by enabling mobility of end-to-end ATM connections. In spite of the diversity in mobile networking technologies (e.g., cellular telephony, mobile-IP, packet data services, PCS), all of them require two fundamental mechanisms: location management and handoff. This article describes different schemes for augmenting a wired ATM network to support location management of mobile terminals and handoff protocols for rerouting a connection data path when the endpoint moves. A prototype implementation of mobile ATM integrating mobility support with ATM signaling and connection setup, is presented. It shows how mobile ATM may be used to provide mobility support to an IP terminal using non-ATM wireless access     

Hybrid multilayer mobility management with AAA context transfer capabilities for all-IP networks

This article presents a multilayer mobility management scheme for all-IP networks where local mobility movements (micro-mobility) are handled separately from global movements (macro-mobility). Furthermore, a hybrid scheme is proposed to handle macro-mobility (mobile IP for non-real-time services and SIP for real-time services). The internetworking between micromobility and macro-mobility is implemented at an entity called the enhanced mobility gateway. Both qualitative and quantitative results have demonstrated that the performance of the proposed mobility management is better than existing schemes. Furthermore, a context transfer solution for AAA is proposed to enhance the multilayer mobility management scheme by avoiding the additional delay introduced by AAA security procedures.     

Architectures and protocols for mobility management in all-IP mobile networks [guest editorial]

The seven Special Topic articles focus on the architectures and protocols for mobility management in all-IP mobile networks. The articles are summarized here.     

Quality-of-service mechanisms in all-IP wireless access networks

In this paper, we focus on resource reservation protocol (RSVP)-based quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning schemes under Internet protocol (IP) micromobility. We consider QoS provisioning mechanisms for on-going RSVP flows during handoff. First, the rerouting of RSVP branch path at a crossover router (CR) at every handoff event can minimize resource reservation delays and signaling overheads, and in turn the handoff service degradation can be minimized. We show that RSVP branch path rerouting scheme could give a good tradeoff between the resource reservation cost and the link usage. Second, the new RSVP reservation can be made along the branch path toward the CR via a new base station in advance, while the existing reservation path is maintained, and in turn the on-going flow can be kept with the guaranteed QoS. We also show that seamless switching of RSVP branch path could provide the QoS guarantee by adaptively adjusting the pilot signal threshold values. Third, during RSVP resource reservation over wireless link, dynamic resource allocation scheme is used to give a statistical guarantee on the handoff success of on-going flows. We finally obtain the forced termination probability of guaranteed service flows, the average system time of best effort flows by using a transition rate matrix approach.     

Mobility management in current and future communications networks

This article describes current and proposed protocols for mobility management for public land mobile networks (PLMNs), Mobile IP, wireless ATM, and satellite networks. The integration of these networks is discussed in the context of the next evolutionary step of wireless communications networks. First, a review is provided of location management algorithms for PCS implemented over a PLMN. The latest protocol changes for location registration and handoff are investigated for Mobile IP, followed by a discussion of proposed protocols for wireless ATM and satellite networks. Finally, an outline of open problems to be addressed by the next generation of wireless network service is discussed     

Architectures for IP-based network-assisted mobility management across heterogeneous networks [architectures and protocols for mobility management in all-IP mobile networks]

In this article new architectures for network- assisted management of vertical handovers are proposed, relying on IP-based protocols, aiming at achieving the most relevant intersystem mobility decision with respect to user satisfaction and operator added value. The key design principle used is ease of deployment, with flexible hierarchical handover decision entities allowing the distribution of the decision process across local and global levels. The decision itself relies on a broad set of parameters at the radio, networking, application, user preferences, and operator policies levels. The advantage of the approach is highlighted in the specific cellular/WLAN scenario, and a proof-of-concept testbed has enabled to validate it. Standardization in this area is currently ongoing in 3GPP, IEEE, and IETF.     

Mobility management approaches for SDN-enabled mobile networks

The evolving network technologies aim at meeting the envisioned communication demands of future smart cities and applications. Although software-defined networking (SDN) enables flexible network control, its applicability to mobile networks is still in its infancy. When it comes to introducing the SDN vision to mobile networks, handling of wireless events and mobility management operations stand out as major challenges. In this paper, we study the scalability issues of SDNized wireless networks, specifically those relevant to mobility management. We design and implement different mobility management approaches in SDNized wireless networks and investigate the impact of various system variables on the overall handover delays. We also study the improvements in handover delays: (i) when a proposed proactive mobility management algorithm is implemented; (ii) when the controller delegates partial control of mobility management to the forwarding entities. For the implementation of the proposed approaches on the OpenFlow network, the paper also suggests potential extensions to the OpenFlow protocol. The contributed approaches are validated on a full-scale demonstrator, with results showing that proactive outperforms reactive and that the delegated control approach performs better than proactive for smaller topology sizes. Furthermore, a proposal for LTE X2-specific control delegation is discussed as a use case.     

Mobility management using dynamic cross-layer signaling in heterogeneous wireless networks

Wireless Networks - Vertical handover cross-layer designs lack automatic adaption with different applications. The upper layers in a cross-layer design need to be aware of the events in the lower...     

Architecture for mobility and QoS support in all-IP wireless networks

Mobility management and quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning are the important tasks on the future development of wireless networks. The high host mobility makes these tasks more challenging. In this paper, we propose an architecture which supports both mobility and QoS management in Internet protocol (IP)-based wireless networks. In mobility management, the fast handoff, which the packets are forwarded in advance to the neighboring locations where a mobile node (MN) may move to, is provided to reduce the service disruption. Also, the fast location lookup, which the routing information about a MN is replicated to some routers, is provided to avoid the triangular routing problem incurred by the protocol of mobile IP. In QoS provisioning, we enable the end-to-end QoS guarantee by using the resource reservation protocol (RSVP) signaling. In particular, the RSVP aggregation technique is used to avoid the scalability problem. Also, the technique of passive resource reservation is used to reduce the influence of host mobility on the resource reservation delay. We emphasize the integration of mobility and QoS management in the architecture design. A performance analysis is given to justify the benefits of our proposed architecture.     

Mobility management and control protocol for wireless ATM networks

The introduction of wireless ATM (WATM) in customer premises network environments necessitates the design of mobility protocols, since the existing versions of B-ISDN signaling do not support terminal mobility. Such protocols can be deployed either as extensions to the standard signaling capabilities, or as individual solutions that have little or no impact on existing infrastructures (switches, signaling software, etc.). A WATM architecture that adopts the latter approach is presented. After a discussion of the problems encountered in the integration of wireless networking and B-ISDN ATM technologies, a mobility management and control (MMC) protocol is proposed. Finally, in the framework of the proposed MMC protocol, algorithms for implementing mobility procedures (handover and registration) are described     

Media-independent pre-authentication supporting secure interdomain handover optimization [architectures and protocols for mobility management in all-IP mobile networks]

Handovers may cause delays and packet losses that affect real-time communication performance. Mobility protocols at several layers are designed to support handover, but they need to be optimized to ensure high-quality application performance. Existing optimization techniques are not sufficient to take care of interdomain and intertechnology handovers involving different access technologies, such as Wi-Fi, GSM, CDMA, and WiMAX. We categorize several types of handover, describe handover delay components, and propose a handover optimization framework called media independent pre-authentication that can provide optimizations for interdomain and intertechnology handover in a manner that is transparent to mobility management protocols. In addition, we also present experimental results demonstrating that this framework can achieve a significant reduction in handover delays for both network-layer and application-layer mobility management protocols.     

全IP无线网络中流媒体业务的性能分析

针对可变速率的多用户多信道子系统,以业务实现架构上的自下而上的顺序,逐层分析了业务性能的累积恶化,提出了一种用于全IP无线网络中流媒体业务的端到端QoS性能分析方法,该方法结合理论分析和仿真实验,对影响业务性能的时延、传输速率和差错率这3个QoS指标进行了评估。     

Mobility in wireless networks

Ohne Zusammenfassung