基于MSP430单片机的热量表设计

采用MSP430系列单片机为核心的用于居民住宅的按实际热能消耗计量收费的热量表的设计。该热量表实现了超低功耗设计，并配有M—Bus总线接口，适用于远程抄表收费系统。对硬件构成、系统工作原理和保证测量准确度算法等问题进行了讨论。     

光伏散热扁管内部流场的数值模拟

本文将换热器用扁管应用到光伏电池散热中,将光伏电池散失的热量用于提高扁管内流体的温度,实现能源的高效利用.采用fluent软件,对设置在光伏电池板背面以水为介质的扁管通道进行了数值模拟,获得了内部的流场和温度场,并分析了入口流速、入口水温、有无隔板及隔板数目对出口水温的影响,结果表明适当降低入口流速和入口水温、在通道内设置隔板或者增加隔板数目,均可提高出口水温.     

关于户用热量表研制开发的思考

本文指出了国内户用热量表研制开发中可能出现的问题，并对研制开发的方向和途径提出建议。     

挡板对某双层U型管流动特征的影响

针对双层U型管中有无挡板及其安放位置对流动特征的影响展开研究。热水入口流速0.5m/s,冷水入口流速1.0m/s,使用商用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS FLUENT进行流场数值模拟,得到了管道内流体速度、涡量、压力和温度的分布。设置挡板后,管道内湍动剧烈,涡强度增强,平均流速先增大后减小。设置挡板可以显著改善隔板出口处的压力分布情况,而随着挡板到隔板距离的增大,挡板处的压差逐渐增大。无挡板时,出口处流体间换热效果最好,设置挡板后,随着挡板到隔板距离的增大,换热效果变差。     

旋流雾化水膜除尘器内尘粒运动特性及分离效率

基于气固多相流复杂的运动特征，结合旋流雾化水膜除尘器的特点，同时考虑尘粒碰壁面黏附与反弹条件，颗粒间的碰撞与并聚、喷水加湿对颗粒间并聚及碰撞、颗粒运动特性的影响，并考虑颗粒对气相的作用，构建了描述旋流雾化水膜除尘器内湍流气固多相流的三维时均方程组，模型封闭采用k-ε／RNG模型，数值模拟了旋流雾化水膜除尘器内尘粒运动特性及分离效率。结果表明：在设置水膜除尘器尘粒遇壁面条件时，应设置尘粒碰壁为黏附；除尘器内干段、湿段比例、尘粒粒径、尘粒入口位置等对除尘效率高低均存在影响；壁面水雾膜的黏附及喷水对尘粒并聚影响较大，尘粒在除尘器内运动位移小于尘粒碰壁面反弹及不考虑尘粒并聚的情况，越有利于尘粒分离；除尘器入口速度越大及喉部喷水速度越大，越有利于尘粒的除去。     

合理设置和使用水表促进节水工作

通过调研和分析,提出了水表的设置除应满足水量计量要求外,还应满足水平衡测试的需要。为提高水表计量的准确性,应采取水表前安装过滤器、限制水表的使用年限等技术措施。     

电除尘器进口封头内设置凝聚器对流场的影响

电凝聚技术是目前燃煤电厂PM2.5捕集增效的控制技术之一。将凝聚器设在电除尘器进口封头内,可扩大使用范围。参照某135MW机组布置方式,利用流体动力学软件,构建几何模型并进行网格划分,分析凝聚器在第一层、第二层分布板间对气流的影响,计算进口封头内颗粒运动轨迹及湍流大小。结果表明:在电除尘器进口封头第一层、第二层分布板间设置凝聚器,能满足第一电场入口速度均匀性的要求;在第二层、第三层分布板下端,割掉0.5m导流板,有利卸灰,但对气流均匀性影响较大;由湍流强度可知,将凝聚器设在第一层分布板前,可使荷电颗粒有更多碰撞、凝聚的概率,从而提高捕集PM2.5能力。     

户用热量表的无线集中抄表系统研究

随着户用热量表大量使用,如何自动有效的对热量表的抄表、如何集中监控热网的各个节点成为一个问题。简单分析了现在所用抄表系统的弊端,提出了无线集中抄表的系统方案。无线集中抄表系统不但能快速、自动、定时完成抄表,而且对热网工作人员集中监控热网参数,实时调节供热参数意义重大。     

焦化生产的节能措施

我厂焦化生产的节能措施有８个方面：１．健全计量设施健全计量设施是进行物料平衡、热平衡的重要依据。到目前为止，全厂应配备各种计量器具１１８７台（件），实际配置１１８２台（件），计量器具配备率达９９．５８％。２．搞好能源定额管理，建立技术档案将能源定额管...     

钠法与钙法焦炉烟气旋转喷雾脱硫特性对比

在旋转喷雾脱硫(Spray Drying Absorber,SDA)实验台上对低含湿量、高烟温的模拟焦炉烟气进行了脱硫实验,研究高入口烟气温度、高绝热饱和温差条件下,Na_2CO_3和Ca(OH)_22种脱硫剂的脱硫特性.讨论了化学计量比、脱硫塔入口烟温、绝热饱和温差和脱硫塔内烟气温降对脱硫效率的影响.结果表明:随化学计量比的增大,Na_2CO_3脱硫效率增长速率比Ca(OH)_2脱硫效率增长速率更快,当2种脱硫剂与SO_2的化学计量比分别达到1.1和1.5时,脱硫效率趋于平缓;脱硫效率随绝热饱和温差的增大呈指数形式下降;在保持出口烟气温度不变条件下,提高入口烟气温度有利于提高脱硫效率;脱硫塔内烟气温降增大也有利于提高脱硫效率.     

供暖系统用户使用热水表计量热量的方法

提出了一种利用热水表计量热量的方法，阐述了利用热水表进行热量计量的理论依据和实施条件，并可实现采暖系统进行分户供热和分户计量热量的功能。     

节能评估在固定资产投资项目审查中的作用

以西安市某热力公司供热站改扩建项目评估为例,叙述了节能评估在固定资产投资项目审查中的作用以及为原项目建设方案提出新建锅炉由四大调整为三大一小,并分期建设的建议,避免能源的浪费,指导项目建设单位向外延伸节能管理所收到的效益。     

某天然气净化厂供热系统设计

某天然气净化厂需设置一套供热系统,为工艺装置及冬季采暖提供热负荷.根据热用户对用热参数的要求,可采用蒸汽锅炉供热系统或导热油加热炉供热系统.从投资、运行、管理及维护等方面对两种供热系统进行方案比较.导热油加热炉供热系统具有以下优点:运行和维护费用低、不消耗水资源、可露天布置、导热油倾点低,适合当地严寒气象条件.推荐选用...     

The use of floor panel energy storage in a heat pump heated dwelling

A method of improving the performance of heat pumps for domestic space heating has been investigated. The study focuses on the short-term storage of heat pump output energy in concrete floor panels. This paper describes the dynamic computer simulation of an air to water heat pump, a floor panel energy store and energy flowpaths in a dwelling. The heating plant, controls and building thermal behaviour, were simulated as a complete energy system to enable the study of interactions between the subsystems. The model heating system comprised a number of under floor water heated panels installed in ground floor rooms of a two storey dwelling. Supplementary energy was supplied by direct electric heaters situated in most rooms. Heat pump operating periods were controlled as a function of the external air temperature within two prescribed occupancy intervals per day. Results of the investigation indicate that a heat pump system using floor panel storage and emission may be efficiently managed to provide nearly continuous heating with little supplementary energy input. The short-term storage of energy in thick floor panels allowed the heat pump to be operated for extended periods without cycling. Because of this, the seasonal loss in heat pump performance resulting from intermittent operation was less than 1 per cent. Attempting to supply the total space heating load with the heat pump and floor panel system resulted in severe overheating during periods of high solar or casual gain. Under these conditions the simple control strategy based on the measurement of external air temperature was ineffective. This problem was eliminated by reducing the heat pump energy input to the dwelling and supplying about 10 per cent of the seasonal energy demand by direct electric heaters. The influence of floor panel energy storage capacity on the performance of the heating system was investigated. Concrete panel depths of between 25 and 150 mm were considered. The seasonal system efficiency was found to increase with floor panel thickness, although not significantly with panel depths beyond 100 mm. The extensive use of floor slabs to store energy caused mean floor temperatures to be higher than when using direct electric air heaters only. However, with the depth of under floor insulation considered in the study (75 mm), heating the floor slab increased the seasonal energy loss of the building by only 4 per cent.     

Latent heat thermal energy storage tanks for space heating of buildings: Comparison between calculations and experiments

Latent heat thermal energy storage tanks, where carbon fiber brushes are inserted to improve the heat transfer rates in the phase change materials, are installed in an air conditioning system of a building as a space heating resource. The measured outlet fluid temperatures are compared with the numerical ones predicted by a previously developed three dimensional heat transfer model. The preliminary numerical results had unallowable prediction errors, which probably resulted from poor contact between the brushes and the heat transfer tubes due to an installation problem of the brushes. However, the numerical results predicted by a corrected model agree well with the experimental ones under various operating conditions. The effect of the brushes on the thermal outputs of the tanks is then investigated using the corrected model. The result shows that the brushes contribute to saving space and reducing the cost of the tanks.     

某区域锅炉房项目节能评估方法与效果分析

本文通过某热力公司区域锅炉房建设项目的案例分析,阐述了节能评估的方法与效果,通过对既有建筑及新建建筑功能的详细统计,并结合相关建筑节能设计标准有关数据进行计算,使建筑物采暖热负荷平均值较可行性研究报告下降约20%,由此提出了项目建设方案中新建锅炉由五大调整为三大一小的优化建议,避免能源浪费、提高了经济效益。指导项目单位向外延伸节能管理措施,经运行证明节能效果显著。     

Direct heat utilization of geothermal resources

Direct utilization of geothermal energy consists of various forms for heating and cooling instead of converting the energy for electric power generation. The major areas of direct utilization are (1) swimming, bathing and balneology, (2) space heating and cooling including district heating, (3) agriculture applications, (4) aquaculture applications, (5) industrial processes, and (6) heat pumps. Major direct utilization projects exploiting geothermal energy exist in about 38 countries, and the estimated installed thermal power is almost 9,000 MWt utilizing 37,000 kg/s of fluid. The world-wide thermal energy used is estimated to be at least 108,100 TJ/yr (30,000 GWh/yr) - saving 3.65 million TOE/yr. The majority of this energy use is for space heating (33%), and swimming and bathing (19%). In the USA the installed thermal power is 1874 MWt, and the annual energy use is 13,890 TJ (3,860 GWh). The majority of the use (59 %) is for heat pumps (both ground coupled and water source), with space heating, bathing and swimming, and fish and animal farming each supplying about 10%.     

夏热冬冷地区变电站建筑围护结构传热系数测量

介绍了热流计法检测建筑围护结构传热系数的原理,通过现场检测某变电站建筑围护结构的传热系数,理论计算分析现场检测的传热系数的可信度,为变电站建筑节能检测工作指出一条可行的方法。     

Study on the design procedure for a multi-cool/heat tube system

The objective of this study is to contribute to widespread use of earth-to-air heat exchangers by proposing a design procedure. In this paper, it is discussed the design method when an earth-to-air heat exchanger system consists of multiple pipes with a close arrangement.A numerical model for this multi-cool/heat tube system was developed and it was verified by field measurements. With taking into account the thermal interference between tubes, the heat transfer performance was evaluated under various design conditions such as number of tubes, arrangement interval, air velocity and length, and soil properties. Based on these results, an estimation method for the heat transfer rate for the multi-cool/heat tube system is proposed.     

碳钢_水热虹隙管内部强化传热机理研究

在微层蒸发模型的理论基础上,对热虹吸管内部设置分流管结构强化沸腾传热者机理分析。建立分流管强化热哐吸管内部沸腾传热模型,同时选择七种不同的分流管开孔结构,与光滑管进行了对比实验研究,寻得最佳分流管结构,并综合大量实验数据建立强化沸腾传热准数方程式。