船用螺旋桨理论计算中的数值计算方法

本文着重于介绍船用螺旋桨理论计算中常用的几种数值处理方法和尾涡的计算模型。并对这几种方法作分析比较。指出各自的优缺点。     

拖式吊舱螺旋桨定常性能理论计算

本文提出拖式吊舱螺旋桨(螺旋桨位于吊舱首部)定常水动力性能的势流理论计算方法。螺旋桨采用升力面理论涡格法、吊舱采用面元法分析计算，二者的相互干扰通过叠代计算来处理。考虑吊舱的影响，修改了尾涡模型。应用本方法，计算了拖式吊舱螺旋桨的定常性能，并与空泡水筒试验结果进行了比较，计算与试验吻合良好。     

鱼尾舵水动力性能研究

本文提出了一种计算带制流板的鱼尾舵在螺旋桨流中水动力性能的方法。舵的水动力及其对周围流场的影响面元法计算，螺旋桨性能及尾流场通过无了叶数的简易螺旋桨理论来预估，而舵上下制流板的影响则应用升力面理论涡格法来计算。     

螺旋桨和导管桨尾流冲刷的试验研究北大核心CSCD

通过对400 rpm、500 rpm和600 rpm三种不同转速条件下导管桨及螺旋桨的尾流冲刷开展试验研究,对冲刷后的沙坑进行测量,构建各时刻高程点阵获得沙坑几何形状。经过对比分析发现:随着冲刷的发展,冲刷坑慢慢趋于稳定,稳定后的冲刷坑并不沿轴线对称,其最大冲刷深度和最大沉积丘高度分别位于轴线的两侧。随着转速的增加,冲刷愈发剧烈,形成更深和更长的尾流冲坑,形成更高的沉积丘。在相同转速条件下,导管桨的冲刷坑比螺旋桨的冲刷坑更长、更窄和更浅。     

螺旋桨非定常力的黏性数值分析

基于黏流的数值模拟技术在非均匀来流情况下对DTMB P4119桨所受的非定常力进行了分析.该桨已在DTMB用给定的非均匀轴向进流场做过非定常水动力测量,故本文计算用该进流场作为进流条件并把该试验结果用来验证.计算过程分析了网格数的收敛性. 非定常力的计算的预报结果,明显地反映了1阶,2阶及3阶叶频的轴承力幅值与进流阶调的耦合效应.通过计算结果与试验结果的对比,不论是非定常力的演变特征还是脉动幅度都与试验结果吻合良好.通过简单定性分析认为通过计算得到的非定常力预报螺旋桨线谱噪声误差将在3dB以内,比较理想.     

非定常空化对螺旋桨性能和流动结构影响的数值研究

该文利用DDES模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型开展了空化对螺旋桨性能及流动结构的影响研究。首先,采用三套系统加密的全结构化网格预测了螺旋桨非定常空化演变过程,并从敞水性能、空化形态和DDES V&V三个角度说明了模拟结果精度较高。随后,该文分析了非定常空化对螺旋桨水动力性能和流动结构的影响。结果表明,片空化发展前期,空化区域内存在导边分离流动、回射流及梢涡等主要流动结构,而片空化发展后期,导边分离流动减弱,梢涡流动明显增强。结合涡量输运方程的结果表明,非定常空化促进了桨叶附近涡量的产生和演变,而涡量的变化又使不同状态的流动结构相互作用加强,最终造成螺旋桨空化流动的不稳定性增强。     

船舶螺旋桨流场及水动力数值分析

随着数值计算和计算机技术的飞速发展,计算流体力学已经发展成为流体力学的主要研究手段,作为船舶优化设计和航行性能分析的基本工具,在船舶水动力学分析中得到广泛应用。该文针对船舶螺旋桨流动模拟,描述使用的网格模式和数值方法,探讨水动力计算结果对网格尺度、几何精细度表达及边界层网格形式的依赖性和敏感性,同时在数值模拟的基础上分析螺旋桨叶片边界层、梢涡和尾涡的流动特征,以及螺旋桨流场与水动力的联系。     

船桨配合理论计算探讨

应用绕船体和螺旋桨的势流同作用在船体表面边界层粘性流的相互作用计算，实现桨前方与桨盘面处以及船体表面与外场区域的速度场匹配，从而获得实效体流场，完成船桨配合理论计算。     

基于非结构网格的螺旋桨周围流场大涡模拟

采用基于非结构网格的有限体积法对螺旋桨的水动力性能和周围黏性流场进行了大涡模拟,在加权最小二乘法重构流动物理量梯度的基础上,分别以三阶精度的UMUSCL(Unstructured Monotonic Upstream-centered Schemes for Conversation Law)插值方法和方向导数法离散控制方程的对流项和亚格子应力项,计算得到的螺旋桨的定常水动力性能、叶片表面压力和尾流场速度与试验吻合很好.     

水面船非线性兴波数值方法研究

本文在线性兴波数值方法的基础上,利用Rankine源法开展了非线性兴波数值方法的研究.采用迭代的方式来满足非线性自由面条件,并在迭代中考虑真实的船体湿表面;此外将自由面面元升高来提高数值稳定性、而配置点前移则用来满足辐射条件.通过对Series60船型,以及一条集装船的计算来验证本文所开发的非线性兴波数值计算方法,经比较发现非线性方法的计算结果比线性方法明显改善;证实本文方法已经成功建立了非线性兴波问题的迭代框架,实现了非线性兴波数值计算方法.     

Prediction of podded propeller cavitation using an unsteady surface panel method

The unsteady sheet cavitation of podded propeller was predicted by using a surface panel method. The interaction between propeller and pod was treated with the iterative calculation of induced velocity potential, and the method of induced velocity potential can save a great deal of storage and computation time compared to the method of induced velocity. The induced velocity potential of unit singularity on every pod panel to every key blade panel and of unit singularity on every key blade panel and its wake panel to every pod panel were calculated when the key blade is at every angle position. Based on the wake model of the conventional single propeller, a new wake model of podded propeller was constructed. The propeller is analyzed only on the key blade in order to save computation time and memory space. The method can be used to calculate the hydrodynamics performance and cavitation of propeller in uniform and non-uniform inflows. It can give the unsteady force and cavitation shape of propeller. The propeller cavitation range determined by the present method agrees with the observation results of cavity image given in cavitation tunnel well, and this proves the practicability of the method.     

带自由液面的艇/桨干扰特性数值模拟与验证研究

带自由液面的艇/桨干扰特性研究是水动力学领域的重点与难点.此文采用数值模拟方法研究了潜艇近水面航行时的艇/桨干扰特性.首先介绍了计算方法:流场采用RANS方法结合RNGk -ε湍流模型求解;自由液面捕捉采用VOF方法;螺旋桨运转采用滑移网格方法;带螺旋桨潜艇表面与计算域内全部采用结构化网格进行离散.然后,对于SUBOFF潜艇模型在不同浸深下的阻力特性进行了数值模拟,分析了自由液面对于模型阻力的定量影响.最后,对于带螺旋桨的SUBOFF潜艇模型在深潜与近水面状态下的艇后推力、扭矩进行了数值模拟,分析了自航因子,研究了艇/桨干扰特性.计算结果与试验结果进行了详细的对比分析,验证了计算方法与计算结果的可靠性.本文的工作可为将来构建数值拖曳水池提供技术支撑.     

The design of propeller and propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) by an integrative method

Generally, after a marine propeller design, the propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) design concerns with an optimal selection of model test results, without a due consideration of the interaction between the PBCF and the propeller. In this paper, the PBCF and the propeller are considered as a whole system with their design as an integrative process, in which the concept of the increased loading in the blade root is incorporated. The load distribution on the blade becomes well-proportioned due to the increased loading in the blade root, and it is advantageous to the reduction of the vibratory force and the blade tip vortex. The blade root area is stronger in withstanding forces, and is not easy to be vibrated, therefore, the increased loading there is beneficial to the noise reduction. The disadvantage of the increased loading in the blade root is the generation of the hub vortex behind the boss cap, but the hub vortex can be broken up by the energy saving hydrodynamic mechanism of the PBCF. The integrative design method introduced in this paper can provide a higher efficiency for propellers under the same design conditions. In this paper, an integrative propeller and PBCF design method including the theoretical design and the numerical optimization design is proposed, based on the potential flow theory, the CFD tools, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the model tests. A propeller with the PBCF is designed based on the method of integrated increased loading in the blade root for a cargo vessel in this paper. The cavitation tunnel model test results show that the propeller and the PBCF thus designed enjoys a higher efficiency, and the design method is effective, reliable and practical.     

PREDICTION OF UNSTEADY CAVITATION OF PROPELLER USING SURFACE-PANEL METHOD

This paper has predicted the range and volume of unsteady sheet cavitation of a propeller by using the surface panel method. The linearization in cavity thickness is adopted to reduce the computing time and storage space. The iteration scheme between chordwise strips has been used because the range and volume of cavitation are both unknown. The propeller cavitation range determined by the calculation method presented in this paper agrees with the observation results of cavity image at cavitation tunnel very well, and this proves the practicability of the method.     

UNSTEADY PROPELLER SURFACE PRESSURE PREDICTION WITH A POTENTIAL BASED PANEL METHOD

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NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF BLADE FREQUENCY NOISE OF CAVITA- TING PROPELLER

The blade frequency noise of a cavitating propeller in a uniform flow is analyzed in the time domain. The unsteady loading (of a dipole source) and the sheet cavity volume (of a monopole source) on the propeller surface are calculated by a potential-based surface panel method. Then the time-dependent pressure and the cavity volume data are used as the input for the Fowcs Williams-Hawkings formulation to predict the acoustics pressure. The integration of the noise source is performed over the true blade surface rather than the ideal blade surface without thickness. The noise characteristics of the cavitating propeller are discussed. With the sheet cavitation, the thickness (cavitation) noise is larger than the loading noise and is the dominant noise source.The noise directivity is not as clear as that of the noise under a non-cavitation condition. The cavitation noise is attenuated mores lowly than the non-cavitation noise.     

Numerical simulation of hull/propeller interaction of submarine in submergence and near surface conditions简

Hull/propeller interaction is of great importance for powering performance prediction. The features of hull/propeller interaction of a submarine model with a high-skew five blade propeller in submergence and near surface conditions are numerically simulated. The effect of propeller rotation is simulated by the sliding mesh technique. Free surface is captured by the volume of fluid （VOF） method. Computed results including resistance, thrust, torque and self-propulsion factor are compared with experimental data. It shows fairly good agreement. The resistance and wave pattern of the model at different depths of submergence are computed. And the thrust, torque and self-propulsion factor of the model in submergence and near surface condition are compared to analyze the effect of free surface on self-propulsion performance. The results indicate that free surface has more influence on resistance than that on self-propulsion factors.     

舰船气泡尾流尺度效应研究

为了得到有效的舰船气泡尾流尺度效应数值模拟方法,该文对气泡尾流分别进行了基于欧拉双流体模型的均一直径气泡模拟(ETF)和带气泡尺寸分组的相群平衡模型模拟(PBM),最终选定PBM模型进行尺度效应研究.通过对空气卷吸模型的探讨,在弗劳德数相似的前提下,设计了多个数值试验模型,研究了气泡尾流中的尺度效应影响.结果表明:大尺度模型对应的气泡尾流要显著于小尺度模型,前者无论是自由面气相分数还是物面气相分数都要显著高于后者:进行气泡尾流实验室研究时,若严格按几何相似进行缩尺比实验,可能难以得到有显示度的结果.     

海山后尾迹涡形成因素的数值研究

该文采用regional ocean modeling system(ROMS)海洋模式,对理想channel中的海山模型,研究均匀分层流作用下,不同的伯格数和来流条件对海山诱导的尾迹涡及垂向流动的影响。结果表明,伯格数越大,越有利于海山后尾迹涡的产生,涡的强度不断增大,且涡脱落频率加快;随流速的增加,海山后尾迹涡的强度增大,涡脱落频率加快,且海山周围的垂向流动增强;当来流速度较低(0.05 m/s)及较高(0.8 m/s)时,均不利于在海山后形成稳定的垂向流动。