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通过对汽车半轴锥齿轮冷摆辗精密成形技术进行研究,重点剖析了半轴锥齿轮毛坯的锻造工艺、冷摆辗成形工艺参数的选择、模具结构设计、金属切削加工和表面最终热处理等一系列关键技术,结果表明,采用冷摆辗精密成形技术的半轴锥齿轮具有精度高、强度高、啮合性能好,齿轮模具寿命长,材料利用率高,生产成本低等优良性能. 相似文献
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Sung-Yuen Jung Myung-Chang Kang Chul Kim Chang-Ho Kim Young-June Chang Seungr-Moo Han 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2009,41(7-8):684-693
Much research has been carried out in the manufacturing of helical gears by cold forging or by extrusion. Although cold forging is applied to some bevel, spur, and helical gears, problems in connection with the reduction forming load and tool life still make it difficult for these methods to be commercialized. In this study, focusing on reducing a load in forming helical gears, the extrusion of helical gears by two-step process is proposed. This process is composed primarily of extruding a billet to a spur gear and then twisting the previous spur gear extruded to a helical gear. Cylindrical billets of Cr-Mo steel(SCM 415) and aluminium alloy(Al60 series) were used as specimen materials for the experiments. The maximum loads obtained by upper-bound analysis and FEM are compared with the results of experiments. The loads of the analysis have good agreements with those of the experiment. The newly proposed method can be used as an advanced technique that remarkably reduces the forming load and replaces the conventional forming. 相似文献
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Saman Khalilpourazary Abdolrahman Dadvand Taher Azdast Mohammad Hossein Sadeghi 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2011,56(1-4):87-95
Forging simulation offers significant cost and time advantages by providing detailed insight into the forging process before tool selection and process decisions are made on the shop floor. Process data such as material flow, stresses, strains and temperature are readily accessible to a user at any point throughout the simulation process, as well as at any location within the forged part. Potential defects such as laps and under-fill of die cavities can be easily identified and corrected before part production begins. In addition, the influence of the process conditions such as lubrication and pre-form can be easily quantified and assessed. In the present work, hot precision forging process of the straight bevel gear is simulated numerically using finite volume method and computer-aided design/computer-aided engineering technology. The required force for the forging process, as well as the final shape of the bevel gear, is determined through numerical estimation. The simulation results are confirmed through the comparison with the experimental data available in DIN standards. Finally, the pre-form dies, the final die, and the bevel gear are manufactured. It is concluded that this method can be effectively used to optimize the forging process to maximize the mechanical strength, minimize material scrap, and hence reduce the overall cost of manufacture. 相似文献
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Precision forging of the helical gear is a complex metal forming process under coupled effects with multi-factors. The various
process parameters such as deformation temperature, punch velocity and friction conditions affect the forming process differently,
thus the optimization design of process parameters is necessary to obtain a good product. In this paper, an optimization method
for the helical gear precision forging is proposed based on the finite element method (FEM) and Taguchi method with multi-objective
design. The maximum forging force and the die-fill quality are considered as the optimal objectives. The optimal parameters
combination is obtained through S/N analysis and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is shown that, for helical gears precision
forging, the most significant parameters affecting the maximum forging force and the die-fill quality are deformation temperature
and friction coefficient. The verified experimental result agrees with the predictive value well, which demonstrates the effectiveness
of the proposed optimization method. 相似文献
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齿形充满不充分和成形载荷过大是螺旋锥齿轮锻造近净成形的主要问题。利用弹塑性有限元法模拟螺旋锥齿轮从动轮一火两锻的半闭式锻造过程,提出通过优化预成形件面锥形状以改善轮齿端角隅部位填充不满的现象,运用正交试验优化设计方法,确定预锻件高度、圆弧弦高、圆弧弦角以及圆弧高点离轮齿小端的距离4个工艺因素对轮齿充满程度和成形载荷的影响规律,选出最佳工艺因素组合。在此基础上提出在轮齿小端设计分流腔的模具结构,以进一步改善齿轮小端角隅充满不理想的现象,对比分析两种工艺方案的成形载荷的峰值,分流锻造成形载荷减小了22.45%。在25MN电动螺旋压力机上进行锻造试验。通过数值模拟和试验结果的对比分析,验证了新工艺方案的有效性。 相似文献
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汽车差速器锥齿轮的温锻制坯/冷摆辗成形加工技术研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为提高差速器锥齿轮的齿部强度和静啮合特性,达到少无切削加工及大批量生产的目的,采用温锻制坯、锻件余热退火与冷摆辗成形相结合的精密成形工艺生产差速器锥齿轮精锻件;对变形程度的分配、成形工艺参数的选择、高精度冷摆辗模具的设计与加工等关键技术问题进行了分析。结果表明,采用该工艺生产的差速器锥齿轮精锻件,较好地解决了差速器锥齿轮制造过程中存在的齿轮精度差、齿部强度低、模具寿命低、设备投资大等问题,为提高差速器锥齿轮的国产化率、减轻差速器的重量进而减轻汽车的自重等奠定了技术基础。 相似文献
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In the manufacture of straight bevel gears, a precision forging method has been mainly used in recent years and the precision forging die has been usually manufactured using electric discharge machining. However, it is difficult to content the high productivity and low manufacturing cost using electric discharge machining because the gears are produced through a process of several steps. In this article, a design and manufacture of a straight bevel gear for a precision forging die by direct milling is developed in order to improve the productivity and manufacturing cost for the gear production. The tooth profile of a straight bevel gear generated by a quasi-complementary crown gear instead of a usual complementary crown gear is introduced. For this study, first the numerical coordinates on the tooth surface of the straight bevel gear were calculated and the tooth profiles were modeled using a 3D-CAD system. Afterward, the direct milling of the precision forging die of the straight bevel gear in the hardened state was carried out using a CNC milling machine based on a CAM process through the calculated numerical coordinates. 相似文献
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针对某型航空发动机中央传动锥齿轮在实际使用中因行波共振造成的从动轮断裂失效问题,采用仿真分析与试验验证相结合的方法,研究弧齿锥齿轮参数调节状态下的行波共振特性及其影响规律。基于有限元方法对齿轮进行模态分析,讨论辐板厚度和工作温度对齿轮行波共振特性的影响;基于Hertz接触理论对啮合齿轮进行瞬态动力学分析,重点讨论行波共振状态下负载功率、工作温度及阻尼系数对齿轮应力分布的影响。仿真与试验对比结果表明:模态计算和动力学分析的仿真结果误差均在合理范围内。在满足齿轮设计有关要求前提下,调整辐板厚度可避开共振转速或共振频率。在振动应力分布的共振参数敏感性方面:当齿轮在三四节径行波共振状态下工作时,齿根处应力值最大,辐板正面应力值最小;随着齿轮负载功率、工作温度和阻尼系数变化,从动轮辐板正面应力变化较小,辐板背面和齿根处变化较大。在该齿轮改进和优化设计中,需重点针对三四节径行波共振进行处理。 相似文献
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直齿圆柱齿轮精锻成形过程数值模拟及参数分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用三维有限元数值模拟方法分析了直齿圆柱齿轮的精锻成形过程,选择模拟表面单元数、加载步长、模数、齿数、齿轮高度等参数进行了多次模拟分析,根据模拟结果对比分析了以上诸参数对成形工艺的影响。确定了适宜的表面单元数目和加载步长值,较好地满足了模拟的需要。从数值模拟结果分析可知,在齿轮其他参数不变的情况下,锻造载荷随模数和齿数的增加而增加,模数的变化对载荷的影响显著;在对高度不同的齿轮成形过程的模拟分析中发现,在成形的初始阶段,高度越小载荷越大,在填充终了阶段,随高度增加载荷稍有增加。 相似文献
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锥齿轮冷挤压成形加工数值模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解决人工设计锥齿轮冷挤压模具过度依赖经验的问题,将数值模拟应用到锥齿轮模具设计中。设计了一套用于冷挤压加工锥齿轮的三层组合凹模,制定了相应的工艺措施,利用Deform-3D软件对锥齿轮的冷挤压加工过程进行了数值模拟,分析了加工过程中的载荷曲线、速度场、应力场和温度场,获得了有关锥齿轮变形规律的基本情况。研究结果表明,通过改善润滑条件、优化模具几何参数可以提高冷挤压加工锥齿轮的成形质量,并对锥齿轮冷挤压加工工艺流程定制、模具设计具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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In this paper, the forging of helical gears has been investigated. A punch and a die are tooth-shaped for the guiding type forging of helical gears. The punch compresses a cylindrical billet placed in a die insert. As a consequence the material of a billet flows into the tooth region. The forging has been analysed by using the upper-bound method. Kinematically admissible velocity fields have been developed, where an involute curve has been introduced to represent tooth profile of the gear. Numerical calculations have been carried out to investigate the effects of various parameters, such as modules, numbers of teeth, helix angles and friction factors on the forging of helical gears. Some forging experiments were carried out with commercial aluminium alloy to show the validity of the analysis. Good agreements were found between the predicted values of the forging load and those obtained from the experimental results. 相似文献
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随着汽车生产的大规模化,高效率、高质量、低污染、低成本的齿轮冷挤压制造技术越来越受到国内外学者和专家的关注,有限元分析和上限法等理论依据越来越多地被应用到齿轮冷挤压成形的工艺改进,闭式冷精锻和分流冷挤压成为直锥齿轮和圆柱直齿轮大批量生产的关键工艺。从理论研究和工艺研究两方面论述了汽车齿轮的冷挤压成形技术研究现状,并对其发展进行了讨论。 相似文献
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A study on the forging of spur gears 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J.C. Choi Y. Choi K.D. Hur C.H. Kim 《International Journal of Mechanical Sciences》1996,38(12):1333-1335
In this paper, the forging of spur gears have been analysed by using the upper-bound method. The tooth profile of the gear consists of an involute curve and a circular arc shaped fillet. A kinematically admissible velocity field is newly proposed. Numerical calculations have been carried out to investigate the effects of various parameters, such as module, number of teeth, addendum modification coefficient and friction factor on the forging of spur gears. Some forging experiments were carried out with Al-2024 to show the validity of the analysis. Good agreement was found between the predicted values of the forging load and those obtained from the experimental results. 相似文献