32株海洋微藻总脂含量及其脂肪酸组成的研究

对4个门 (金藻门、硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门) 的32株海洋微藻进行特定条件下的一次性培养, 在指数生长末期采收, 对其进行总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的分析.结果表明,13株海洋微藻的总脂含量超过干重的10%, 达11.02%～29.27%, 其他19株在3.92%～9.72%之间.每一门的微藻脂肪酸组成都有各自特点,金藻门中含大量17∶0、14∶1、16∶1、22∶1n9、18∶2n6t、18∶3n6、20∶2、20∶4n6、20∶5n3、22∶6n3;硅藻门中16∶1、22∶1n9、18∶3n6、20∶2、20∶4n6含量较高;绿藻门中17∶0、22∶1n9、24∶1、18∶2n6t、18∶3n6、20∶2、20∶4n6、20∶5n3、22∶6n3含量较高,且基本都含有20∶5n3、22∶6n3;蓝藻门中的聚球藻富含23∶0、22∶1n9、18∶3n6、20∶2、22∶6n3.32株海洋微藻的长链脂肪酸的含量都很高,均在70%以上.     

温度对四株海洋绿藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

文章用f／2培养基，在16℃、22℃、28℃对小球藻属（C19、C95和C97）和裂丝藻属（C102株）的四株绿藻的总脂含量及脂肪酸组成进行了研究。四株绿藻的总脂含量均在16℃时最高，C19为35．6％，C95为19．1％，C97为28．4％，C102为38．2％。温度对EPA（20：5（n-3））和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量影响显著，三株小球藻C95、C97和C102的EPA含量随温度的变化相似，均在22℃时达到最大值，分别为19．5％、24．8％和8．2％，杆状裂丝藻C19在28℃时EPA含量达到最大值11．7％。     

温度对四株海洋绿藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

文章用f/2培养基,在16℃、22℃、28℃对小球藻属(C19、C95和C97)和裂丝藻属(C102株)的四株绿藻的总脂含量及脂肪酸组成进行了研究.四株绿藻的总脂含量均在16℃时最高,C19为35.6%,C95为19.1%,C97为28.4%,C102为38.2%.温度对EPA(20:5(n-3))和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量影响显著,三株小球藻C95、C97和C102的EPA含量随温度的变化相似,均在22℃时达到最大值,分别为19.5%、24.8%和8.2%,杆状裂丝藻C19在28℃时EPA含量达到最大值11.7%.     

8种海洋微藻中EPA和DHA含量的测定

鉴于鱼油资源的不足，为寻找EPA和DHA的替代资源．进行了利用海洋微藻生产EPA和DHA的研究。对几种海洋微藻进行培养，时数期末期收获，提取脂肪酸后利用气相色谱法测定，结果表明：海洋微藻可以作为EPA和DHA的生物替代资源。     

海洋微藻粗脂肪、EPA和DHA含量的测定

对八种海洋微藻(硅藻门3株,绿藻门2株,金藻门2株,红藻门1株)进行了粗脂肪、EPA和DHA含量测定.结果表明八种微藻中粗脂肪含量有明显的差异,在这些藻类中以硅藻门中新月菱形藻EPA含量最高,达到了16mg/L,占粗脂肪重的26%,占细胞干重的3.3%;其次为硅藻门的三角褐指藻含量为7.1mg/L,占干重的12%.DHA含量最高的是硅藻门的等边金藻,为3.2mg/L,占粗脂肪重的9.1%,占细胞干重的5.2%.     

温度对海洋微藻生长及脂肪酸组成的影响

研究了不同温度下,三角褐指藻和等鞭金藻生长及脂肪酸组成.结果表明,三角褐指藻的最适生长温度为20℃,而等鞭金藻的最适生长温度为25℃.无论是三角褐指藻的EPA还是等鞭金藻的DHA,均随着培养温度的升高而下降.低温有利于三角褐指藻积累EPA和PUFAs,但PUFAs含量（W/W）在10-20℃之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）.虽然等鞭金藻DHA含量随着温度的上升而下降,但PUFAs在20℃时含量（W/W）最高,为10.5%.不同海洋微藻不仅具有不同的生长温度,且最适PUFAs合成的温度也不同.     

三种绿藻总脂肪和脂肪酸的测定

用重量法测定了三种绿藻的总脂肪含量、气相色谱法测定了它们的脂肪酸百分含量。结果表明,三种绿藻的总脂肪含量在17.69%～21.44%之间。亚心形扁藻和青岛大扁藻的脂肪酸组分中的不饱和脂肪酸以C18：3w3含量最多;微绿球藻则以C20：5w3含量最多。     

海洋微藻生产EPA和DHA的研究进展

文章综述了EPA和DHA的生理功能以及来源,详细论述了海洋微藻生产EPA和DHA的研究现状。     

氮源对等鞭金藻生长和脂肪酸组成的影响

研究了在培养基中添加不同浓度的NaNO3、NH4 Cl、NH2 CONH2 对等鞭金藻生长和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明 ,当不在培养基中添加氮源时 ,等鞭金藻生长缓慢。但C16∶0 ,C18∶0 和多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFAs)占总脂肪酸的比例最高。氮浓度在 0 9～ 7 0mmol/L之间 ,等鞭金藻的生长随着NH4 Cl浓度的增加而下降 ,随着NH2 CONH2 浓度的增加而升高 ,而受NaNO3浓度变化的影响不显著。以NaNO3或NH2 CONH2 为氮源 ,DHA占总脂肪酸的比例随着其浓度的增加先上升后下降 ,最适浓度为 3 5mmol/L。以NH4 Cl或NH2 CONH2 为氮源 ,PUFAs占总脂肪酸的比例随着氮浓度的增加而下降 ,且等鞭金藻DHA占干重的比例在 1 8mmol/L的浓度时达到最高 ,分别为1 8%和 1 6% ;以NO- 3为氮源 ,在浓度为 3 5mmol/L时DHA含量最高 ,为 2 2 %。在相同氮浓度下 ,DHA占干重的比例以NaNO3为氮源最高 ,以NH2 CONH2 为氮源时最低。     

海洋微藻的简易培养方法

本介绍了海洋微藻培养的设备，常用藻种及其来源，海洋微藻的一般培养方法。     

Total lipids content and fatty acid composition of seed oils from six pomegranate cultivars

The fatty acid composition of the seed oils of six pomegranate (Punica granatum L) cultivars was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by gas chromatography. The seeds contained oil in the range 51-152 mg kg^?1 dry matter. Intervarietal differences in fatty acid composition were demonstrated (fatty acid esters as % (w/w) total fatty acid esters. Sour varieties had the highest while sour-sweet varieties had the lowest oil content. Eleven fatty acids were identified. In all varieties, the predominant fatty acids were linoleic (25.2-38.6%) and oleic acid (24.8-35.5%) followed by palmitic (18.2-22.6%), stearic (6.9-10.4%) and linolenic acid (0.6-9.9%). To a lesser extent arachidic (1.1-3.4%) and palmitoleic acid (0.2-2.7%) were also found in all varieties. Lauric, myristic, behenic and lignoceric acids were rarely detected. As far as we know linolenic (18:3), arachidic (20:0), behenic (22:0) or lignoceric (24:0) acids have not been previously reported in the seed oils of edible pomegranate varieties. Lignoceric acid has not previously been found in pomegranate seed oil.     

通过商品化DHA藻油的脂肪酸组成推测其微藻属名

DHA是一种重要的功能性ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸.我国卫生部相继批准了寇氏隐甲藻、裂壶藻、吾肯氏壶藻DHA藻油为新资源食品.收集并分析了9个商品化DHA藻油的脂肪酸含量,结合文献数据,发现通过商品化DHA藻油的脂肪酸特征推测其微藻属名是可行的.其中寇氏隐甲藻DHA藻油中长链多不饱和脂肪酸只含DHA,几乎不合DPA.裂壶藻与吾肯氏藻DHA藻油中长链多不饱脂肪酸主要以DHA和DPA为主,DHA/DPA比例随藻种而恒定,几乎不随发酵条件而有明显变化;DHA/DPA比例在2～3的DHA藻油多半来自裂壶藻;DHA/DPA比例在4～6的DHA藻油既可能来自裂壶藻也可能来自吾肯氏壶藻.     

微藻脂类组成及脂肪酸分布的分析技术

微藻具有光合效率高、生长周期短、有可能异养生长等特性, 并含有多种生物活性物质,尤其是 EPA、DHA 等多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富, 可以作为功能食品的优质生物资源。多不饱和脂肪酸在微藻细胞中主要以脂质的形式存在, 脂类组成及脂肪酸分布信息可以为藻种筛选、不饱和脂肪酸的分离纯化等提供依据。本文综述了高产多不饱和脂肪酸的藻种, 脂质及脂肪酸的萃取方法与分离鉴定技术, 特别对全二维气相色谱法、高压液相色谱法在微藻中的应用进行了阐述。     

The fatty acid composition of the lipids of earthworms.

Lipids were freshly extracted from earthworms from agricultural pasture land, and fatty acid compositiona analyses were carried out on the total lipids; phospholipids; triglycerides; free fatty acids; mixed sterol esters, wax esters, free methyl esters, etc.; glycolipids; and neutrallipids. A wide variety of fatty acids ranging from C₁₀ to C₃₂ were identified. In the fatty acids of the total lipids, polyunsaturated constituents predominated in amount, while monomethyl branched, isoprenoid and n-odd-numbered acids were present in appreciable proportions. Eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid occurred at higher levels than any other components and were located mostly in the phospholipids. Significant contents of linoleic and linolenic acids were also detected. Earthworms collected in spring had a fatty acid composition which differed noticeably from that of worms from other seasons. The content of lauric acid during spring was much higher than that normally found in animals or pasture plants. The composition of the free fatty acids indicated that these components were the products of lipolysis and were derived from all the lipid classes. The results of this investigation suggest that the diet of local earthworms, which is reported to consist mainly of dead plant material, is supplemented by living and dead microorganisms from ingested soil.     

10种热带富油微藻生物量、总脂含量 及脂肪酸组成分析

微藻生物柴油是当前生物能源中最具发展潜力的一种新型能源,为更好地开发微藻生物柴油,筛选出适合制备生物柴油的富油微藻,以10种热带富油微藻为研究对象,对其生物量、总脂含量及脂肪酸组成进行分析。通过甲醇-氯仿(体积比为2∶1)称量法测定10种热带富油微藻中的总脂含量,将从微藻提取的油脂经过甲酯化反应后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析油脂中脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明,10种热带富油微藻中Chlorella vulgaris CJ15和Desmodesmus sp.WC08更适合制备生物柴油。     

The fatty acid composition of the lipids from two species of hake

The fatty acid composition of lipids extracted from the livers, muscle and skin of two hake species Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus were studied. In one instance a comparison was made between the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid and triglyceride fractions of the lipids. In pre-spawning fish there appears to be a tendency for M. capensis to have fat of higher unsaturation than M. paradoxus. The only consistent species difference found was the high level of unsaturation of skin lipids relative to muscle lipids in M. paradoxus, a species living at greater depth and lower water temperatures. The major saturated fatty acid in hake lipids is that with 16 carbon atoms, the major monoenoic acid the one with 18 carbon atoms, while C_22:6 is the dominant polyenoic fatty acid and C_20:5 the second most plentiful in hake lipids. Phospholipids form a small proportion of the lipid from dark muscle. They are particularly rich in the fatty acids C_16:0 and C_22:6.     

6株沙漠绿藻的粗脂含量及脂肪酸组成研究

对从古尔班通古特沙漠中分离得到的6株绿藻在同一培养条件下进行扩大培养,生长末期采收,冷冻干燥后,运用分光光度法和气相色谱法对其粗脂含量及脂肪酸组成进行分析.结果表明:所测绿藻样品的粗脂含量为7.8％ ～26.4％,其中小球藻属GTD8A1生物量最大,GTD7c-2粗脂含量最低,片球藻属生物量和粗脂含量都较高;6株绿藻均含有C16、C17和C18系脂肪酸,主要脂肪酸组成以C16∶0和C18∶3最为丰富,有4株绿藻的C18∶3含量超过40％(占脂肪酸总含量),除链带藻属外,其余5株绿藻不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸总含量的比例均超过50％.