传统蒙古文与西里尔蒙古文相互转换方法的研究

传统蒙古文和西里尔蒙古文分别是在中国和蒙古国使用的蒙古文,它们的口语基本相同,但是书写形式完全不同。结合传统蒙古文和西里尔蒙古文的构词特点,提出了基于联合序列模型的传统蒙古文和西里尔蒙古文相互转换方法,并做了大量的相互转换实验。实验中,传统蒙古文到西里尔蒙古文转换系统的词误识率和字母误识率分别达到了18.38%和6.75%,西里尔蒙古文到传统蒙古文转换系统的词误识率字母误识率分别达到了18.77%和7.14%,基本达到了实用要求。     

基于规则和统计相结合的西里尔蒙古文到传统蒙古文转换方法

西里尔蒙古文与传统蒙古文分别是蒙古国与中国使用的蒙古文,西里尔蒙古文到传统蒙古文的转换工作不仅给两国同胞的交流带来更多的便利,而且对蒙古族的科学、文化和教育发展具有重要意义。本文结合规则与统计模型的优点,研究了西里尔蒙古文到传统蒙古文的转换方法。本文首先采用基于规则的方法对西里尔蒙古文集内词进行转换,其次对集外词的转换采用了基于联合序列模型的方法,并采用N-gram语言模型解决了一个西里尔蒙古文单词对应多个传统蒙古文单词的问题。实验结果表明,该系统单词转换错误率低至4.12%,基本达到了实用要求。     

汉语连续语音识别之音素声学模型的改进

研究基于主元音音素基元的声学模型的改进。由于汉语语音特点,主元音模型得到了广泛的应用。通过分析主元音音素模型,发现该模型存在词组音节序列字界线有歧义,从而提出主元音的改进方法以明确音节序列中字的分界,减小基元规模,提高语音系统识别率。为了描述连续语意中的协同发音现象,还针对改进后的主元音基元,设计了相应的有调问题集,利用决策树的参数共享策略建立了上下文相关的音素模型。实验结果表明,改进后的有调音素集合在削减了原有基元个数的基础上,字误识率(CER)有0.4%-0.6%的明显改善。     

多分类器区分性组合在二次解码中的应用

提出利用基于隐马尔可夫模型的谱特征模型、基于高斯混合模型的声调分类器以及基于多层感知器的音素分类器模型的组合来提高语音识别中二次解码中的识别率。在模型组合中,使用上下文相关的模型权重加权模型得分,并使用区分性训练来优化上下文相关权重来进一步改进识别结果。对人工选取各种上下文相关权重集合进行了性能评估,连续语音识别实验表明,使用局部分类器进行二次解码能够明显降低系统误识率。在模型组合中,使用当前音节类型及左上下文相结合的模型权重集合能够最大程度降低系统误识率。实验表明该方法得到的识别结果优于基于谱特征与基频特征和音素后验概率特征合并得到特征组合的识别系统。     

MonTTS:完全非自回归的实时、高保真蒙古语语音合成模型

针对现有基于Tacotron模型的蒙古语语音合成系统存在的两个问题：(1)合成效率较低;(2)合成语音保真度较低,该文基于FastSpeech2模型提出了完全非自回归的实时、高保真蒙古语语音合成模型MonTTS。为了提高MonTTS模型合成蒙古语语音的韵律自然度/保真度,根据蒙古语声学特点提出以下三点创新改进：(1)使用蒙古文音素序列来表征蒙古文发音信息;(2)提出音素级的声学调节器以学习长时韵律变化;(3)提出基于蒙古语语音识别和自回归语音合成两种时长对齐方法。同时,该文构建了一个当前最大规模的蒙古语语音合成数据库：MonSpeech。实验结果表明,MonTTS在韵律自然度方面的主观平均意见分数(Mean Opinion Score, MOS)达到4.53,显著优于当前最优的基于Tacotron的蒙古语语音合成基线系统和基线FastSpeech2模型;MonTTS合成实时率达3.63×10^-3,满足实时高保真合成要求。最后,文中涉及的训练脚本和预训练模型全部开源(https://github.com/ttslr/MonTTS)。     

语种确认中基于段长的语言模型修正方法

为了改善语言模型提出了一种新型的语言模型修正方法,先利用音素段长的筛选性来获得部分音素的语言模型修正因子,再对修正因子加以权重用于纠正语言模型的偏差,从而能够有效提高系统识别性能。在CALLFRIEND Corpus上进行的测试中,系统单个前端的最好性能达到等错率下降1154%,整个系统等错率下降了693%,最后的等错率为950%。     

一种基于有限状态机的模型转换方法

为实现模型的自动转换,通过定义一个清晰的基于规则的模型转换框架,提出了一种基于有限状态机的模型转换方法,用有限状态机技术解决转换规则的实现问题,并定义了适合规则实现机制的形式表示法,然后结合UML模型到SQL模型转换的典型场景,通过一个模型转换示例说明模型转换方法的具体应用,结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。该方法适用于状态明显的模型之间的转换,促进了模型自动转换的应用和发展。     

基于音素HMM模型语音转换

通过对语音转换的研究,提出了一种把源说话人特征转换为目标说话人特征的方法。语音转换特征参数分为两类:(1)频谱特征参数;(2)基音和声调模式。分别描述信号模型和转换方法。频谱特征用基于音素的2维HMMS建模,F0轨迹用来表示基音和音调。用基音同步叠加法对基音周期﹑声调和语速进行变换。     

基于非自回归模型中文语音合成系统研究与实现

针对传统语音合成质量差、自然度低和自回归模型训练时间较长,效率低等问题,提出了一种基于非自回归模型的中文语音合成方法。该方法相比于自回归模型训练效率拥有大幅提升,并在声码器中采用生成对抗网络,较传统语音合成方法合成音频质量有明显提升。该方法首先输入中文汉字经过前端处理转换为音素,再通过One-hot编码转换到音素嵌入层,通过位置编码确定音素序列位置信息,编码器中前馈网络负责将音素序列转换为隐藏序列,再添加可变信息适配器预测的音频特征,最后由解码器输出梅尔频谱到声码器生成音频波形。实验数据集采用专业中文女声10000句,实验结果表明主观意见得分为3.76,在合成质量方面明显优于传统参数式语音合成方法,训练时间只需要自回归模型的15%。     

基于音素HMM模型语音转换

通过对语音转换的研究,提出了一种把源说话人特征转换为目标说话人特征的方法。语音转换特征参数分为两类：（1）频谱特征参数;（2）基音和声调模式。分别描述信号模型和转换方法。频谱特征用基于音素的2维HMMS建模,F0轨迹用来表示基音和音调。用基音同步叠加法对基音厨期、声调和语速进行变换。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.