Singular points detection based on zero-pole model in fingerprint images

An algorithm is proposed which combines Zero-pole Model and Hough Transform(HT) to detect singular points. Orientation of singular points is defined on basis of Zero-pole Model which can further explain the practicability of Zero-pole Model. Contrary to orientation field generation, detection of singular points is simplified to determine the parameters of Zero-pole Model. HT uses rather global information of fingerprint images to detect singular points. This makes our algorithm more robust to noise than methods which only use local information. As Zero-pole Model may have a little warp from actual fingerprint orientation field, Poincare index is used to make position adjustment in neighborhood of the detected candidate singular points. Experimental results show that our algorithm performs well and fast enough for real time application in database NIST-4.     

Singular points detection based on multi-resolution in fingerprint images

The singular points of fingerprints, namely core and delta, play an important role in fingerprint recognition and classification systems. Several traditional methods have been proposed; however, these methods cannot achieve the reliable and accurate detection of poor-quality fingerprints. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed which combines improved Poincaré index and multi-resolution analysis to detect singular points. Conventional Poincaré index method is improved on the basis of the Zero-pole Model analysis to detect singular points with different resolutions. A model is presented to extract the multi-resolution information of the fingerprint pattern; this model divides fingerprint image into nonoverlapping blocks corresponding to different block sizes on the basis of wavelet functions to compute multiple resolution directional fields, and block position shifting is performed on these resolution levels to capture the features of the ridge direction patterns, where the corresponding shifting intervals are based on Sampling theorem. The relationship of singularities detected by improved Poincaré index in different resolution directional fields is used to confirm singular points accurately and reliably. The combination of local and global information makes our algorithm more robust to noise than methods that use local information only, and the existence of this algorithm increases the insight into the nature of singular points extraction. The accuracy and reliability of the method are demonstrated by experiment on database NIST-4, public fingerprint databases FVC02 DB1 and DB2.     

基于加权平均梯度方向场和改进Poincare Index的指纹奇异点检测算法

针对指纹图像具有局部平行性和渐变性以及邻域的脊线方向相关性高的特点,提出了一种基于加权平均梯度的指纹方向场算法。改进了传统的Poincare Index指纹奇异点检测算法。实验证明,在采用加权平均梯度算法获取的方向场上利用改进的Poincare Index算法可实现对低质量指纹图像的奇异点的准确提取。     

一种鲁棒的指纹奇异点检测方法

提出一种两阶段的奇异点检测方法。将指纹图像分块,求出各块的方向构成块方向图,并在块方向图的基础上利用邻域方向的分布分析结合改进的Poincare Index方法来确定奇异点所在的候选区域,对候选区域中的像素再通过计算局部方向变化率来确定奇异点的精确位置。将此方法用于对FVC2004 DB1_A指纹数据库的图像,实验结果表明这种方法对指纹图像中的噪声有很好的鲁棒性,并且计算简单快速,易于实现。     

指纹奇异点精确定位新方法

针对指纹图像奇异点快速精确定位的难题,提出一种简单实用算法。对指纹图像预处理,计算方向场并归域化,接着选出奇异点候选区,并以Poincare Index（PI）算法从中提取奇异点候选点集。对候选奇异点集去伪并精确定位。采用FVC2004指纹库进行实验验证,结果与PI算法对比,该算法鲁棒性更好,定位更精确,漏检率和误检率分别降低5.86%、6.8%,平均速度提高了3.71~9.38倍,基本满足高精度高速度的指纹奇异点定位要求。     

Pixel-level singular point detection from multi-scale Gaussian filtered orientation field

Singular point, as a global feature, plays an important role in fingerprint recognition. Inconsistent detection of singular points apparently gives an affect to fingerprint alignment, classification, and verification accuracy. This paper proposes a novel approach to pixel-level singular point detection from the orientation field obtained by multi-scale Gaussian filters. Initially, a robust pixel-level orientation field is estimated by a multi-scale averaging framework. Then, candidate singular points in pixel-level are extracted from the complex angular gradient plane derived directly from the pixel-level orientation field. The candidate singular points are finally validated via a cascade framework comprised of nested Poincare indices and local feature-based classification. Experimental results over the FVC 2000 DB2 confirm that the proposed method achieves robust and accurate orientation field estimation and consistent pixel-level singular point detection. The experimental results exhibit a low computational cost with better performance. Thus, the proposed method can be employed in real-time fingerprint recognition.     

A Novel Algorithm for Detecting Singular Points from Fingerprint Images

Fingerprint analysis is typically based on the location and pattern of detected singular points in the images. These singular points (cores and deltas) not only represent the characteristics of local ridge patterns but also determine the topological structure (i.e., fingerprint type) and largely influence the orientation field. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for singular points detection. After an initial detection using the conventional Poincaré Index method, a so-called DORIC feature is used to remove spurious singular points. Then, the optimal combination of singular points is selected to minimize the difference between the original orientation field and the model-based orientation field reconstructed using the singular points. A core-delta relation is used as a global constraint for the final selection of singular points. Experimental results show that our algorithm is accurate and robust, giving better results than competing approaches. The proposed detection algorithm can also be used for more general 2D oriented patterns, such as fluid flow motion, and so forth.     

基于Hermite滤波器的指纹增强算法

指纹增强的目的在于改善指纹图像的质量,以提高指纹识别系统的性能。提出了一种基于Hermite滤波器的指纹增强算法,算法利用经典的梯度公式法计算纹线方向,利用指纹图像子块的频谱分布特征计算纹线频率。以纹线方向和频率作为滤波器的主要参数,利用具有良好带通特性的Hermite滤波器和具有可变角度带宽的低通滤波器进行滤波,有效地提高指纹的纹理清晰度,较好地避免奇异点区域的块效应。实验结果表明,算法具有良好的图像增强效果。     

基于"主中心点"脊线跟踪的指纹分类算法

通过分析分割算法,结合区域跟踪算法和腐蚀膨胀算法,对基于方向场置信度的分割算法进行了改进;然后,结合一阶对称复数滤波,验证基于传统Poincarê指数法所提取得到奇异点的准确性;在此基础上提出了一种基于"主中心点"脊线跟踪的指纹分类方法,该方法根据"主中心点"附近的脊线信息以及奇异点的数目和相关位置来确定指纹纹型.     

Monitoring and diagnosis process of abnormal consumption on smart power grid

Unique and stable reference point is essential for registration and identification in automated fingerprint identification systems. Most existing methods for detecting reference points need to scan the fingerprint image or orientation field pixel by pixel or block by block to confirm a candidate reference point. The inherent complexity of this process makes those methods time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a two-step method to improve the efficiency of detecting reference points by (1) determining the singular point, i.e., the approximate position of the reference point, in a novel fast way; then (2) refining the reference point precisely in the local area of the singular point. In the first step, a walking algorithm is proposed which can walk directly to the singular point without scanning the whole fingerprint image and hence it is extremely fast. Then, in the local area around the singular point, an enhanced method based on mean-shift concept (EMS-based method) is designed to localize the reference point precisely. Experimental results on FVC2000 DB1a and DB2a databases validate that the proposed WEMS (Walking + EMS) method outperforms two state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

     

结合方向信息和模糊聚类的指纹图像二值化方法

尽管指纹图像具有局部方向一致性,但在一些局部区域,尤其是包含指纹奇异点的区域点方向变化仍然较大.鉴于此在求出指纹各个像素的点方向以后对指纹图像进行分块,引入了方向信息可靠块和方向信息不可靠块的概念.对方向信息可靠块提出一种用方向信息分割指纹图像的方法.对方向信息不可靠块,采用两种方法区分出指纹决和背景块:一是利用该块的均值、方差;二是利用邻域信息.在此基础上对不可靠块中的指纹块采用加权模糊C.均值聚类的方法对其进行二值化.实验表明:用本文提出的方法对指纹图像进行二值化处理后得到的二值图像脊线光滑无孔洞.对断线起到了一定的连接作用,而且对于方向变化较大的分块避免了二值化后纹线的偏移.     

基于Gaussian-Hermite矩的指纹奇异点定位

在指纹分类和识别算法中,提取的奇异点(core点和delta点)数目和奇异点的准确位置是非常重要的.介绍了一种基于Gaussian-Hermite矩分布属性的自适应指纹奇异点定位方法,为了准确地确定奇异点,用到了指纹图像在多种尺度下的不同阶Gaussian-Hermite矩分布,并用一种基于主分量分析(principal component analysis,简称PCA)的方法分析指纹图像的Gaussian-Hermite矩分布.实验结果表明,该算法能够准确地确定奇异点位置.     

基于信息可用性评价的指纹图像质量增强算法

针对指纹图像可能出现模糊、指纹区域过小、奇异点位置过偏等问题,提出了一种基于信息可用性评价与频谱分析的指纹图像质量增强算法。对指纹图像进行信息可用性评价,对不合格的指纹图像提示进行重新采集;对合格图像进行傅里叶变换并求取其频率均值和方差,计算指纹频谱图上内环、外环、中环的频谱能量值与去除直流分量后的频谱总能量值之比,以此确定指纹的清晰程度。对需要进行质量增强的指纹,利用圆滤波器去除其高频与低频干扰,利用方向滤波器连接断纹并去除粘连。实验结果表明,该方法能准确判断指纹图像的可用性,有效地增强指纹图像质量,并因其只对低质量指纹进行增强,故能有效提高指纹自动识别速度及准确性和可靠性。     

Optical sensor measurement and biometric-based fractal pattern classifier for fingerprint recognition

This paper proposes biometric-based fractal pattern classifier for fingerprint recognition using grey relational analysis (GRA). Fingerprint patterns have arch, loop, whorl, and accidental morphologys, and embed singular points, which result in establishing fingerprint individuality. An automatic fingerprint identification system consists of three stages: image acquisition and processing, feature extraction, and pattern recognition. Fingerprint images are captured from subjects using an optical fingerprint reader (OFR). Digital image preprocessing (DIP) is used to refine out noise, enhance the image, convert to binary image, and locate the reference point. For binary images, Katz’s algorithm is employed to estimate the fractal dimension (FD) from two-dimension (2D) image. Biometric characteristics are extracted as fractal patterns using Weierstrass cosine function (WCF) with different FDs. GRA performs to compare the fractal patterns among the small-scale database. For 30 subjects in the laboratory, the proposed classifier demonstrates greater efficiency and higher accuracy in fingerprint recognition.     

一种用于指纹方向场估计的网格插值模型

指纹方向场的估计是指纹识别预处理算法中的重要环节,对算法识别效率起到关键作用。本文提出了一种网格插值模型,该模型以指纹奇异点为中心,将指纹平面做网格划分,利用插值算法建立了方向场与指纹奇异点之间的非线性关系。模型中利用了指纹的全局信息来调整网格点的值,使得它与传统的基于局部信息的方向场算法有本质的区别。在FVC2002 和FVC2004 指纹数据库上的实验结果表明,该模型比传统算法具有更高的准确性和鲁棒性,同时对于低质量的指纹图像,仍然能够给出很好的方向场估计。     

基于方向的指纹奇异点提取

准确、可靠地检测指纹奇异点(核心点和三角点)对于指纹的分类和匹配有重要的意义。针对指纹图像奇异点提取中准确判断和精确定位的难题,介绍了一种比较好的奇异点检测算法。根据奇异点的性质,利用Poincare Index方法求出核心点和三角点。根据相关规则,清除虚假奇异点。实验结果证明该方法能够从指纹图像中较精确、可靠地提取出奇异点。用该方法对不同质量的指纹图像进行实验,并与其他方法进行比较,结果表明该方法更加有效、可靠,具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于Gaussian-Hermite矩和改进的Poincare Index的指纹奇异点提取

在指纹分类和匹配中,准确、可靠地提取奇异点十分重要.针对低质量指纹图像奇异点检测中精确定位和可靠性判断这一难题,提出了一种两阶段的奇异点提取算法.首先,针对现有Poincare index方法存在伪点检出较多和抗噪性较弱的问题,通过对其改进实现候选奇异点位置的确定;然后,再通过计算候选奇异点周围圆形邻域的Gaussian-Hermite矩分布属性值来判断其真伪.方法有效结合了奇异点周围邻域的纹线方向和纹线一致性信息,能够从指纹图像中较为准确、可靠地检测出奇异点.在NIST-4和南京大学活体指纹库上的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性.在从NIST-4中随机抽取的500幅指纹图像上,奇异点的检测准确率为93.05%(Core点准确率为96.93%,Delta点准确率为86.43%).     

基于欧氏距离的拐点检测算法

拐点是数字图像中的一个重要信息载体，提出一种新的拐点检测算法，该算法并非寻找连续空间中曲率的离散近似计算方法，而是源于离散曲线的外观特征，推导出离散曲线上拐点处k个点对间欧氏距离平方和局部最小这一重要性质。基于该性质，本算法首先利用Freeman链码的性质过滤掉物体边界上明显不可能成为拐点的象素，然后在剩余的边界点中通过寻找该局部最小值定位出拐点。给出了本算法与四种著名拐点检测算法的对比实验。     

Multipass hierarchical stereo matching for generation of digital terrain models from aerial images

This paper presents a new multi-pass hierarchical stereo-matching approach for generation of digital terrain models (DTMs) from two overlapping aerial images. Our method consists of multiple passes which compute stereo matches with a coarse-to-fine and sparse-to-dense paradigm. An image pyramid is generated and used in the hierarchical stereo matching. Within each pass, the DTM is refined by using the image pyramid from the coarse to the fine level. At the coarsest level of the first pass, a global stereo-matching technique, the intra-/inter-scanline matching method, is used to generate a good initial DTM for the subsequent stereo matching. Thereafter, hierarchical block matching is applied to image locations where features are detected to refine the DTM incrementally. In the first pass, only the feature points near salient edge segments are considered in block matching. In the second pass, all the feature points are considered, and the DTM obtained from the first pass is used as the initial condition for local searching. For the passes after the second pass, 3D interactive manual editing can be incorporated into the automatic DTM refinement process whenever necessary. Experimental results have shown that our method can successfully provide accurate DTM from aerial images. The success of our approach and system has also been demonstrated with a flight simulation software. Received: 4 November 1996 / Accepted: 20 October 1997     

基于中心点的指纹细节结构匹配算法

指纹细节匹配算法是自动指纹识别系统(AFIS)中一项关键的任务,目前存在大量的研 究和算法.依据算法是否依赖中心点,指纹细节点匹配算法可以分为两类:基于中心点的匹配算 法和非中心点匹配算法.大多数非中心点匹配算法都非常耗时,因此不适合在线应用.而基于中 心点方法的效率相对较高,但是这类算法极度依赖于中心点的定位精度.在本文中,提出了一种 全新的基于中心点的指纹细节结构匹配算法,该算法综合了基于中心点匹配算法和非中心点匹 配算法的优点,同时又避免了二者的缺点.首先利用中心点检测算法获得中心点的位置,然后在 中心区域定义了一些局部的结构,同时利用这些局部结构寻找指纹细节的对应点,并通过对应点 和中心点的相对关系来确认这些对应细节点.其次利用这些细节对应点匹配全局的细节信息,最 后,利用匹配细节的全局距离和距离方差来判决最终匹配结果.实验结果表明,算法的匹配效果 非常好,同时匹配效率较高,非常适合在线指纹识别系统的应用.