国家标准《建筑涂料用乳液》制定简介

涂料用各类聚合物乳液是建筑用乳胶漆的主要成膜物质，是影响乳胶漆性能的首要因素。目前随着乳胶漆需求量的不断增长，我国各类乳液的生产规模、品种及质量都得到了快速发展。目前我国聚合物乳液生产企业约有几十家，不同的乳液品种约20多种，制定一个统一的乳液产     

涂料业的发展应重在提高质量

业内人士分析,我国涂料企业要在涂料配方、工艺上狠下功夫,在质量上努力赶超世界名牌,并利用价格优势,争回应有的涂料市场份额.涂料目前以乳胶漆为主,无论什么品牌的乳胶漆都是由乳液、颜料、填料、助剂4个主要部分构成.乳液质量最好的品种为纯丙烯酸酯乳液,价格为12000元/吨;颜料最好的品种为进口金红石钛白粉,价格为16000元/吨;填料价格很低,助剂虽贵但用量极少,所以填料、助剂在涂料中占成本比例较小.如果使用质优的乳液及颜料、填料和助剂     

乙-丙共聚乳液组分对乳胶漆性能的影响

乳胶漆是当代涂料工业发展的重要方向之一,乙-丙有光乳胶漆是较早开发的一个品种。关于乙-丙乳液组分对漆性能的影响,至今未见报道。本文拟从乙-丙乳液的合成角度,考察有关组分对乳液及其有光乳胶漆漆膜性能的影响,为更合理设计配方提供必要的依据。     

乳胶漆用二氧化钛颜料

工业发达的国家,乳胶漆的产量都相当大。例如,近些年来,美国建筑乳胶漆占美国油漆总产量的大约30％,产量100多万吨/年。所以,尽管乳胶漆配方中二氧化钛颜料含量不高,但整个乳胶漆品种所消费的二氧化钛颜料的量是相当大的。世界二氧化钛颜料产量的61％消费于涂料中,其中的43％是消费于水性涂料中,这其中,乳胶涂料占绝对优势。二氧化钛颗料在乳胶漆中主要起着遮盖力作用。国外高质量乳胶漆中二氧化钛颜料耗量大约为每加仑乳胶漆2～2.5磅,由于二氧化钛颜料很贵,在乳胶漆成本中,二氧化钛颜料有时占40～50％。     

乙一丙乳液碱增稠机理及胶粒的羧基分布

一、前言水性涂料,特别是乳胶漆,可节省能源及减少污染,已成为当代涂料工业的发展方向之一。在乳胶漆的生产和研制中,普遍存在一个稳定性问题。这是因为乳状液是多相高度分散的系统,界面自由焓较高,从热力学观点来看是不稳定系统,只具有相对的稳定性。乳胶漆的稳定性,固然与颜料及其他添加料有关,但更重要的是取决于胶体乳液的稳定性,特别是碱增稠乳液的稳定性。     

涂料工业用丙烯酸乳液工艺进展

<正> 溶剂型涂料目前是涂料工业的主要品种。从节省资源,防止污染出发,全世界都在着重开发水性涂料、高固份涂料、粉末涂料、辐射固化涂料和低温固化涂料等。其中水性涂料居主导地位。继醋酸乙烯均聚物乳液之后,丙烯酸乳液已经广泛地用于建筑涂料中。但是,以乳胶漆代替传统的高装饰性工业用漆还存在着某些困难。对乳液合成工艺加以改进,完全     

建筑乳胶漆在中国的发展

介绍我国建筑乳胶漆的发展和市场变化,尤其对乳液、乳胶漆品种开发及乳液合成技术——核壳乳液聚合、无皂乳液聚合、乳液互穿聚合物网络技术作了重点述评,还概述了我国建筑乳胶漆的涂装应用和发展前景。     

聚醋酸乙烯乳胶漆的试制

以合成树脂代替油脂,以水代替有机溶剂,这是涂料工业的发展方向,也是水乳胶漆的两大优点。近年来水乳胶漆发展极为迅速,西德乳胶漆产量占涂料总产量的40％,美国按市场销售额达60％,而我国目前乳胶漆产量还不到涂料总产量的1％。     

建筑涂料

200901090 高固化性双组分氨基甲酸酯聚合物组合物;200901091 建筑涂料;200901092 乳液聚合物混合涂料组合物、乳胶漆、建筑涂料、涂覆过的底材和提高了对白垩底材的附着力;200901093 含陶瓷材料的涂料和助剂;200901094 我国建筑涂料市场的发展趋势分析……     

水性涂料

含乳化极性氧化聚乙烯蜡的涂料组合物及其制备，能在潮湿条件下比干燥条件下透射更多光线的园艺温室表面用防护性涂料，可辐射远红外线的天然无污染功能型涂料制备法，含膦酸和聚乙烯醇的合成涂料，低VOC乳液聚合物涂料组合物、水性涂料组合物的制备及乳胶漆，适用于水稀释涂料和色漆的光稳定剂乳液组合物，含带烷氧基硅烷基的乙烯基聚合物粒子的水性乳液涂料，[编者按]     

Effect of the density of the electronic states at the valence orbital of the bridge redox molecule on the dependence of the tunnel current on the overvoltage in the case of fully adiabatic electron transition

Effect of the density of the electronic states at the valence orbital of the bridge redox molecule on the dependence of the tunnel current on the overvoltage and on the width at half maximum of the current-overvoltage curve is studied. A number of the approximate expressions for the density of states, the tunnel current and the width are obtained in the fully adiabatic limit for different particular cases. It is shown that at small values of the coupling of the electronic levels of the electrodes with the valence orbital of the redox molecule and the small values of the bias voltage two regions of the reorganization Gibbs energy exist with different dependence of the width on the reorganization Gibbs energy. The results of calculations of the density of states, the tunnel current and the width are presented and used for the interpretation of the experimental data [N.G. Tao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 4066, I. Visoly-Fisher, K. Daie, Y. Terazono, C. Herrero, F. Fungo, L. Otero, E. Durantini, J.J. Silber, L. Sereno, D. Gust, T.A. Moore, A.L. Moore, S.M. Lindsay, PNAS 103 (2006) 8686].     

Preparation of an acrylics‐grafted polyester and its aqueous dispersion—mechanical properties of acrylics‐grafted polyesters

Mechanical properties of grafted polyesters were discussed. In the case of grafting of acrylics of more than 25% in the grafting product, mechanical properties of the grafting products decreased greatly compared with the raw polyester. The influence of the molecular structure of the grafted polyester was not observed. The effect of composition of the grafted polymers was discussed. Mechanical properties varied with the composition of the side chain. In the case of grafting onto aromatic polyesters, grafting of an aromatic unsaturated monomer improved the mechanical properties of the grafted polymer. On the other hand, in the case of grafting onto an aliphatic polyester, grafting of an aliphatic unsaturated monomer improved mechanical properties of the grafting polymer. We found that the grafting of the polymer having a high compatibility with the polyester improved the mechanical properties of the grafting products, from the determination of the compatibility of each polymer and the mechanical properties of the grafting products. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1149–1157, 2000     

Reflection of a shock wave from a rigid wall in a mixture of a liquid metal and solid particles

The problem of reflection of shock waves and expansion waves from a rigid wall in a mixture of liquid iron and small molybdenum crystals is considered. The study is performed within the framework of equilibrium and nonequilibrium approximations of mechanics of heterogeneous media with different pressures of the components. The mathematical model is verified by fitting the dependence of the equilibrium-frozen velocity of sound on the initial pressure in the mixture with available experimental data. In the equilibrium approach, the dependence of the type of the reflected wave on the type of the incident wave is determined. Direct numerical calculations within the framework of the nonequilibrium model of mechanics of heterogeneous media confirmed the validity of the reflection chart obtained. The possibility of significant compacting of molybdenum particles in reflected waves is revealed. Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 97–107, July–August, 2000. This work was performed within the framework of the Integration Project No. 97-24 of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences.     

Refractory compounds of basic composition for the monolithin lining of steel-teeming ladles

Conclusions Questions of the method of production of basic ramming compounds at Panteleimonovka Refractory Plant and their use in the monolithic lining of the walls of 160-ton steel-teeming ladles of the No. 2 Converter Shop of Kirvoi Rog Steel Combine are considered.An analysis of the wear of the lining during service showed that it occurs as the result of spalling of the sintered zone and salamandering of the lining. The use of a movable thermally insulated lid made it possible to hold the temperature of the ladle lining within limits of 730–1120°C between heats and to obtain a basic rammed lining life of 21–39 heats as opposed to an average life for the shop of 14.8 heats.A reserve for increasing the ladle basic lining life is optimization of the thermal conditions of its service, including high-temperature heating of the lining before pouring of the metal, the use of thermally insulated lids with the minimum consumption of time for placing of them, an increase in the life of the well refractory to the life of the walls and bottom, and elimination of cooling of the lining between heats.A Discussion: Problems of the Production and Use of Refractories for the Lining of Steel-Teeming Ladles. [For the start of the discussion see No. 8 (1988) and for the continuation Nos. 9–12 (1988) and Nos. 1–3, 5, and 7 (1989).]Deceased.I. I. Glaka, N. F. Drobot, N. V. Kurmaz, B. P. Zinchenko, S. A. Poznyak, I. M. Ryaboshapkin, V. V. Slushko, A. A. Chulkov, Yu. Bormatov, S. I. Vanchyuk, V. I. Dobrovol'skii, B. G. Zhuravel', N. I. Kiyan, L. I. Nekrasov, N. M. Sokolov, P. V. Khomenko, G. A. Nikitenko, S. Dorgobuzov, P. I. Valiev, N. N. Gorbatko, V. I. Kovalenko, and M. I. Lyakhov of Krivoi Rog Steel participated in the preparation and tests of the basic monolithic linings.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 1–4, August, 1989.     

Stabilisierung von Polypropylen durch Mischungen substituierter Phenole und Di-n-alkylsulfide

This paper is dealing with the synergistic effect of some phenolic antioxidants, e.g. 4,4′-butylidene-bis(3-methyl-6-tert.-butylphenol), 2,2′methylidene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert.-butylphenol) and 4,4′-thio-bis(3-methyl-6-tert.-butylphenol) with di-n-alkylsulfides of various chain lengths and of sulphoxides and sulphones of the latter on the induction period of oxidation of polypropylene. The influence of the type of the phenolic antioxidants in the mixtures of stabilizers, the influence of the length of the alkyl chain of the sulphide component and the influence of the temperature was studied. Because an interaction between the mentioned substances and the formed peroxides during the inhibition of polypropylene in the presence of sulphides and their derivates was considered, the effect of sulphides, sulphoxides and sulphones on the decomposition of tert.-butyl hydroperoxides was studied.     

聚乙烯醇改性及吹膜技术研究

研究了聚乙烯醇（PVA）改性及吹膜技术。经改性剂改性前后的IR分析结果表明，改性剂与PVA分子间发生了强烈的相互作用，并形成了较强的分子复合键。改性PVA塑化温度的研究表明，醇解度为88％的PVA，随相对分子质量的增加塑化温度升高。醇解度升高时，PVA塑化性能下降；改性剂用量增加，塑化温度下降。吹膜工艺研究表明，成膜助剂的加入能明显改善改性PVA的加工流动性，PVA膜对冷却效果要求较高，吹膜后的热定型处理能降低其吸湿性，延长水溶时间。     

Die differentielle Doppelschichtkapazität an der Phasengrenze Quecksilberanorganischer Elektrolyt—II. Das Kapazitätsminimum

In the negative range of charge, the differential double-layer capacitance at the interface of mercury and an inorganic electrolyte solution shows a characteristic minimum. This minimum is independent of the nature of the ion, of the concentration of electrolyte and of the temperature. However, the solvent strongly influences the capacitance of the minimum. The metal charge at which the minimum occurs is uninfluenced only by the temperature. Changes of the concentration of the electrolyte as well as of the nature of the anion are able to cause a shift of the minimum.     

氮气幕对瓦斯爆炸进行阻爆实验

为阻断瓦斯爆炸在管道方向上的传播，保护管道后方区域，本文采用氮气幕来进行阻爆，所设计的实验装置在爆炸发生后能自动喷出氮气。主要研究了氮气的喷气压力和喷气时刻对阻爆功能的影响。结果表明，在喷气压力为0.1MPa时，氮气幕仅起到抑制作用，爆炸火焰能穿过整个实验管道。在喷气压力为0.2MPa时，仅部分实验能够阻爆，氮气幕产生不稳定的阻爆效果。在喷气压力为0.3MPa时，阻爆位置均稳定在左喷头和右喷头之间区域，氮气幕产生稳定地阻爆效果。喷气压力超过0.4MPa后，阻爆位置稳定在右喷头附近。在较低氮气压力0.2MPa下，喷气时刻对阻爆效果产生显著影响。随着喷气时刻延迟，氮气喷出量减小，氮气幕由不稳定阻爆变为不阻爆。喷气时刻延迟到198ms后，氮气幕便丧失阻爆功能。在喷气压力超过0.3MPa后，氮气幕阻爆效果便不受喷气时刻的影响，喷气压力对能否阻爆起决定作用。     

Fractal structure and features of energy-release (combustion) processes in heterogeneous condensed systems

In this work, the theory of fractals has been used to describe the structure of heterogeneous condensed systems (HCS). Features of energy-release processes with variation of the initial structure parameters have been investigated. The microstructure of HCS and the dynamics of its change have been studied as functions of the proportion and properties of their components. It is shown that particles of the components form fractal structures, which are characterized by fractional dimensions. The obtained images of the microstructure reflect the presence of the geometric phase transition “fractal cluster-percolation cluster.” Regularities of reaction-front propagation are determined. It is found that the concentration limits of energy release and combustion are associated with the evolution of fractal structures and the formation (disruption) of a continuous reaction surface. The electrical conductivity of the starting compositions is measured as an indicator of the formation of fractal structures of one or another configuration. Electrical and thermal-physics properties of the samples and energy-release (combustion) parameters are analyzed. The systems exhibit similar behavior in different processes. Near the critical point, the dependence of the parameters studied on concentration has an exponential character. The exponent is close to that determined in percolation theory. A computational algorithm for the contact surface of the components is developed and implemented. The computation results allow one to distinguish the “base block” that influences the combustion rate and to determine the critical concentrations of the components. The study of HCS in the context of the new direction in the geometry of disordered systems—the theory of fractals—is promising for generalization of available experimental data and for predicting the parameters of energy release in HCS with variation in the structural parameters. Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117977. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 3–19, September–October, 1997.     

硼酸钙对铜渣中夹杂铜沉降效果的影响

考察了添加剂CaB2O3对转炉铜渣中夹杂铜沉降效果的影响，并结合铜渣的粘度测试及红外光谱表征，研究其影响机理，采用FactSage软件计算了添加剂对铜渣液相线温度的影响。结果表明，随添加剂含量增大，铜渣中夹杂铜的沉降效果逐渐增强，添加剂含量由0增至6wt%时，底部渣含铜量由4.10wt%增至6.85wt%，这是由于添加剂可有效降低铜渣粘度。随添加剂含量增大，渣粘度降低，但降低效果随温度增大而趋于平缓。随添加剂含量增大，铜渣的硅酸盐结构趋于简化，添加剂通过破坏铜渣复杂的硅酸盐结构降低铜渣粘度。铜渣的液相线温度随添加剂含量增大而减小，添加剂通过减少渣中固体颗粒的方式降低铜渣粘度。