微波辅助提取榛子油及其脂肪酸组成分析

以榛子为原料,研究微波辅助提取榛子油的最佳工艺,分析其脂肪酸组成。在单因素试验基础上,选择微波功率、料液比及提取时间为自变量,以榛子油提取率为响应值,采用二次回归旋转设计优化微波辅助提取榛子油的工艺;采用气相色谱分析榛子油脂肪酸组成。结果表明,以体积比1∶1的无水乙醇和石油醚(60~90℃)为提取溶剂,榛子经粉碎过40目筛,在微波功率460 W、液料比12∶1、提取时间28 min条件下,所得榛子油得率达59.05%。榛子油中脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中油酸和亚油酸含量分别为77.28%和13.93%。微波辅助提取榛子油是一种有效的油脂提取方法。     

微波辅助提取辣木籽油的工艺优化研究

以辣木籽为原料,采用微波辅助法提取辣木籽油,研究液料比、微波时间、微波功率对辣木籽油提取率的影响。通过响应面分析方法得出优化的微波辅助提取辣木籽油的工艺条件:以石油醚(30~60℃)为提取溶剂、液料比9∶1(m L/g)、微波时间7 min、微波功率455 W,在此条件下辣木籽油的提取率为96.78%。通过GC法对提取的辣木籽油进行脂肪酸组成分析,与传统方法相比,脂肪酸组成无明显差异。     

微波辅助溶剂法提取橡胶籽油工艺

为了优化微波辅助溶剂提取橡胶籽油的工艺,以橡胶籽为材料,采用微波辅助溶剂提取法,提取橡胶籽油,在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Benhnken响应面法优化橡胶籽油的提取工艺,以提取温度、提取时间、液料比和微波功率为自变量,橡胶籽油的得率为因变量建立数学模型,并且同时对橡胶籽油的脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果显示:优化得到微波辅助提取橡胶籽油的工艺条件为——提取温度80℃,提取时间2 h,液料比(m L:g)7∶1,微波功率555W。在最佳工艺条件下,橡胶籽油得率为41.32%;共测出9种脂肪酸——肉豆蔻酸、花生酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、油酸、二十碳烯酸。其含量分别为0.115 74%、0.244 23%、6.609 85%、9.645 46%、0.288 59%、40.911 7%、18.403 1%、23.632 4%、0.1489 2%。     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取黄连木籽油的工艺研究

以黄连木籽为原料,采用微波辅助提取黄连木籽油。通过单因素设计试验研究溶剂种类、液料比、微波时间、微波功率对黄连木籽油提取率的影响,在单因素试验基础上应用响应面法优化提取工艺条件,得到最佳条件为:以石油醚(30℃~60℃)为提取溶剂、液料比7︰1(mL/g)、提取时间6.5 min、微波功率455 W。在此条件下黄连木籽油的提取率可达到89.49%。对提取的黄连木籽油进行脂肪酸分析,共检测出7种脂肪酸,其中主要脂肪酸为油酸42.77%、亚油酸45.83%,与传统方法提取黄连木籽油的成分无明显差异。     

西瓜籽油微波辅助提取工艺的优化

以西瓜籽为原料,研究了微波辅助提取西瓜籽油的工艺条件,通过单因素试验和正交试验,探讨了溶剂种类、微波功率、提取温度、料液比、以及提取时间对西瓜籽油得率的影响。确定最佳提取剂为正已烷,最佳工艺条件为:微波功率200 W,提取温度80℃,料液比1∶12,提取时间21 min,此条件下西瓜籽油得率可达51.77%。西瓜籽油中的脂肪酸以不饱和脂肪酸为主,尤以亚油酸质量分数最高,达62.30%。     

棠梨籽油的超声波-微波协同提取及其脂肪酸组成

以棠梨籽为原料,研究超声波-微波协同提取棠梨籽油的最佳工艺,分析其脂肪酸组成。在单因素实验基础上,选择微波时间、超声功率、料液比和超声温度为自变量,以棠梨籽油出油率为响应值,采用响应面分析法,考察超声波-微波协同提取棠梨籽油的最佳工艺;采用气相色谱分析棠梨籽油脂肪酸组成。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件:液料比为3.45 mL·g~(-1)、超声温度为70.00℃、组合时间为超声10 min-微波30.00 s、组合功率为超声120 W-微波480 W,棠梨籽出油率为34.78%。棠梨籽油中脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中油酸24.29%、亚油酸60.94%。本研究为棠梨籽油的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据和技术参考。     

正交试验法优化微波辅助提取树莓籽油工艺

以干燥的树莓籽为原料,正己烷为提取有机溶剂,优化微波辅助提取树莓籽油的最佳工艺。在微波温度、料液比、微波时间和微波功率4个单因素实验的基础上,采用正交试验法优化微波辅助提取树莓籽油的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,在所考察的各个因素中,微波功率对树莓籽油的提取得率影响最大,其次是微波时间和微波温度,料液比对树莓籽油的得率影响最小。微波辅助提取树莓籽油的最佳提取工艺条件为A2B3C3D1,即浸提树莓籽油宜选用的条件为微波温度55℃,微波时间9min,料液比1∶16(g/m L),微波功率400W。在此最佳提取条件下,微波辅助提取树莓籽油得率为16.52%。     

超声辅助水代法提取芍药籽油工艺条件优化

研究超声辅助水代法提取芍药籽油的工艺条件,并对其脂肪酸组成进行分析。研究了超声时间、液料比、超声功率和超声温度4个主要因素对芍药籽出油率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对超声辅助水代法提取工艺进行了优化。优化后的最佳提取工艺条件为:超声时间56 min,超声温度54℃,液料比8∶1,超声功率885 W。在最佳工艺条件下,芍药籽出油率为27.99%。利用GC-MS分析芍药籽油脂肪酸组成,共鉴定出19种脂肪酸,主要脂肪酸为亚麻酸(48.01%)、亚油酸(41.30%),总不饱和脂肪酸含量大于90%。     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取樱桃籽油工艺及其脂肪酸分析

目的:响应面法优化樱桃籽油的微波提取工艺并对其脂肪酸进行GC-MS分析,以期优化樱桃子油的最佳提取工艺条件,并对其不饱和脂肪酸含量进行分析,为工业化生产提供依据。方法:使用响应面法优化樱桃籽油的微波辅助提取工艺,采用氢氧化钾-甲醇法对樱桃籽油进行甲酯化,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对樱桃籽油进行脂肪酸组成成分分析。结果:樱桃籽油提取的最佳工艺条件为微波温度60℃,微波时间7min,料液比1∶15(g/m L),微波功率600W。在此最佳提取条件下,樱桃籽油的提取得率为4.58%。GC-MS共分离出6种脂肪酸,分别为棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、十九烷酸、反-十八碳酸和十八碳二烯酸,其中棕榈酸、亚油酸、反-十八碳酸的含量分别为19.33%、30.48%、42.45%,不饱和脂肪酸总脂肪酸含量为77.87%。结论:樱桃籽油提取的最佳工艺条件为微波温度60℃,微波时间7min,料液比1∶15(g/m L),微波功率600W。GC-MS共分离出6种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸总脂肪酸含量为77.87%。     

微波辅助提取棉籽油及其脂肪酸组成分析

以棉仁为原料,采用微波辅助提取法提取棉籽油,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了提取剂、微波功率、料液比、提取时间对棉籽得油率的影响,确定了棉籽油的最佳提取条件,并采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析了棉籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明,棉籽油提取的最佳条件为:提取剂为正己烷、微波功率500W、料液比1:7、提取时间5min,在该条件下棉籽油得率为32.50%。气相色谱-质谱分析表明,棉籽油含有10种脂肪酸,其中主要含有棕榈酸37.82%、亚油酸44.24%、油酸11.61%,还含有锦葵酸0.30%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press