大块非晶合金的热物性及冷却过程的数值模拟

对大块非晶合金Zr4 1Ti14 Ni10 Cu12 .5Be2 2 .5(摩尔分数 )的比热容和导热系数进行了测量 ,发现在 15～ 35 0℃范围内 ,其比热容和导热系数随温度的增高而增大 ,二者的变化范围分别为 0 .386～ 0 .485kJ/ (kg·℃ )和 4.80～ 7.74W/ (m·℃ )。在深过冷区域的比热容和导热系数分别是 0 .5 9kJ/ (kg·℃ )和 9.5 5W / (m·℃ )。在对此合金的比热容和导热的系数测量和分析的基础上 ,利用这些参数对其冷却过程进行了数值模拟 ,并用楔形试样进行了验证。利用数值模拟可以预测Zr4 1Ti14 Ni10 Cu12 .5Be2 2 .5合金在水冷铜模铸造过程中的冷却速度 ,并依此判定是否能够获得非晶态铸件。     

ZL-115合金的热处理工艺探讨

通过对 ZL - 115合金数种不同工艺热处理后的力学性能的研究 ,确定出较好的热处理工艺为 :　　固溶 :5 2 0 ± 5℃× 2 h+5 30 ± 5℃× 10 h+5 4 0 ± 5℃× 4 h,水淬 (水温≥ 6 0℃ )　　时效 :(80～ 10 0 ) ± 3℃× 10 h+15 0 ± 3℃× 4 h,空冷     

丹霞电站金属结构件改用喷锌防护

丹霞电站是仁化县锦江河水电梯级开发的第四级电站 ,装置两台 30 0 0 k W灯泡贯流机组和 1 2扇平板闸门 ,其中 8扇 1 0 m× 4.4m大坝闸门 ,1扇 1 0 m× 4.6m渠道进水口闸门 ,1扇 6.75m× 6.75m机组进水口检修闸门 ,2扇 5.72 7m× 5.72 7m尾水事故闸门。机组过流部件和闸门原采用涂料防护 ,底漆、防锈漆和面漆各涂两遍 ,干膜总厚度达 0 .1 8mm。自1 994年底安装投运以来 ,所有金属结构均产生了严重锈蚀 ,直接威胁着电站的安全生产。1　金属结构的锈蚀情况( 1 )闸门的锈蚀情况 :1 997年底检查 ,涂料防护层基本起泡 ,大部分脱落 ,闸门面板已被…     

节水、环保、经济型油槽循环冷却系统

研制的 4m× 8m× 4m油槽循环冷却系统 ,采用全风冷循环冷却系统代替常规的水冷循环冷却系统。合理地选择全系统的组成机械及原件 ,验证计算数据与运行效果相符 ,用全风冷与水冷循环冷却系统比较 ,年节约水 4万立方米以上 ;节约运行费用 7.3万余元。通过自动控制系统可稳定地控制油槽温度在 5 0～ 80℃ ,消除车间内油烟污染 ,保证职工身体健康 ,并能提高油冷热处理件生产量     

MB2/SiC复合材料的高应变速率超塑性

用搅拌法制备了以MB2为基、以SiC颗粒为增强体的镁基复合材料 ,铸锭在 390℃热挤压成棒材。在温度为 380～ 560℃和应变速率为 2 .0 8× 1 0 - 3s- 1 ～ 5 .2 1× 1 0 - 1 s- 1 的范围内 ,测试了挤压态MB2 / 1 0 %SiC(体积分数 )和MB2 / 5 %SiC镁基复合材料的超塑性。MB2 / 1 0 %SiC在温度为 52 5℃、应变速率为 2 .0 8× 1 0 - 1 s- 1 时最大延伸率可达 2 2 8% ,应变速率敏感性指数为 0 .39。超塑性拉伸断口上存在丝棒状物质     

统一标样磁性法测量GCr15钢残余奥氏体量的尝试

本研究首先摸索了磁性法测残余奥氏体所需的标样处理工艺 ,认为GCr15钢经10 5 0℃淬火 ,-78℃× 1.5h深冷处理 ,2 80℃× 2 0min回火可得到全马氏体组织。用该标样测定不同工艺处理GCr15钢的残余奥氏体量 ,虽然各工艺的淬火温度不同 ,但经 >15 0℃回火后 ,回火马氏体的碳含量将趋于一致。经 85 0℃淬火 ,180℃、2 0 0℃、2 3 0℃、2 60℃、2 80℃分别回火 10min、2 0min、3 0min后GCr15钢组织中残余奥氏体含量的变化趋势与资料曲线相吻合。经 85 0℃淬火 ,2 0 0℃× 2 0min回火后 ,钢中残余奥氏体量为 10 %左右 ,满足使用要求。统一标样磁性法已被实践证明简便可行。     

《腐蚀与防护》新颁征稿简则

为配合我国学术期刊的检索与评价工作 ,我刊将对刊出文章进一步规范 ,竭诚欢迎作者踊跃投稿 ,来稿请注意以下要求。●来稿要求1.请勿一稿多投 ;来稿请写清通信联系人姓名、地址、邮编、电话等 ;本刊收到稿件后即函告作者 ,三个月内告知稿件处理意见 ;一经刊出即付稿酬 ,并寄送当期刊物。2 .来稿不宜太长 ,一般不超过 6 0 0 0字 ,综述不超过 70 0 0字 (包括图、表 )。3.插图清晰规整 ,图号、图题、图注齐全 ,尺寸一般为 5 0 m m× 70 mm。4.采用法定计量单位 ,采用简化字。5 .凡数字、字母、符号、公式等 ,不同语种、大小写、上下角等应明确…     

时效制度对LC52铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了在单级时效、双级时效、回归再时效 (RRA)处理条件下 ,LC5 2铝合金的微观组织、室温力学性能、抗剥落腐蚀性能和应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。结果表明 ,LC5 2铝合金经 12 0℃× 2 4h +2 5 0℃× 2min(油浴 ) +12 0℃×30h回归再时效处理后 ,具有良好的综合性能     

大型齿轮深层渗碳淬火

2 m以上的大齿轮 ,在无大型渗碳设备的条件下 ,通过自行设计的渗碳包在 3m× 6 m台车炉中实现了天然气渗碳 ,达到了齿部有效硬化层深 3.2 mm～ 6 .1mm,齿面硬度 HRC5 7～ 6 2的要求。     

中碳钢无缝钢管退火工艺改进

我厂是内蒙古自治区唯一的一家生产小直径 ((8～ 76 )mm×壁厚 (1～ 2 )mm )无缝钢管的厂家 ,数年前引进了江苏的一家无缝钢管厂的生产工艺及设备 ,其中热处理设备为 1 2m× 18m辊式连续退火炉 ,加热燃料为发生炉煤气 ,采用顶喷 ,节能环保 ,性能较好。但投产后数年来只能生产工艺简单、低附加值的低碳钢无缝钢管 ,而像 4 5钢管这类市场紧俏 ,附加值高的产品却不能生产。而按原先的工艺 (加热温度为 82 0～ 85 0℃ ,加热时间为 2 0min)处理后的 4 5钢管的强度总比标准值低 (30～ 5 0 )MPa ,按照该产品标准GB/T816 2— 1987力学性能规定 ,…     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.