Comparative Study on Processing Property Between CWW CO2 Gas Shielded Welding and SAW

 Cable welding wire (CWW) CO2 gas shielded welding is an innovative process arc welding with high efficiency, high quality and low consumption, in which cable wire is used as consumable electrode. CWW CO2 gas shielded welding and submerged arc welding (SAW) are used for contrast studies on processing property of high strength steel A36 used in ship structure. The results show that the shapes of weld seam, using CWW CO2 gas shielded welding and SAW, are good and no weld defect such as air hole, flaw, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion, lack of penetration and so on are found in the weld seam. Because the rotating of arc during CWW CO2 gas shielded welding process has a strong stirring effect on molten pool, the grain in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the joints, using CWW CO2 gas shielded welding, is small. Tensile failure positions of joints by CWW CO2 gas shielded welding and SAW are all in the base metal, but tensile strength of CWW CO2 gas shielded welding joint is higher than that of SAW joint by an average of 2. 3%. The average impact energy of HAZ, using CWW CO2 gas shielded welding and SAW, is almost equal, but the average impact energy of the weld seam using CWW CO2 gas shielded welding is increased by 6%, and the average impact energy of the fusion line is increased by 7%. The 180° bending tests for the joints of CWW CO2 gas shielded welding and SAW are all qualified, and the joints hardness is all less than HV 355, but hardness of CWW CO2 gas shielded welding wire welding joint near the fusion line is obviously lower. It can be concluded that the properties of CWW CO2 gas shielded welding are better than those of the SAW joint, and CWW CO2 gas shielded welding is suitable for welding high strength steel A36 used in ship structure.     

Microstructural and Mechanical Studies of T91/T22 Welded Joints

Comparative studies have been performed to decide an appropriate combination of welding process and filler material by virtue of microstructural evolution, micro-hardness studies, tensile strength and fractographic analysis. Manual arc welding and tungsten inert gas welding processes are used along with different filler materials to manufacture T91/T22 welded joints. Studies with the purpose of comparison and evaluation of different zones of the weldments have been carried out. The highest value of micro-hardness observed on the T91 HAZ of the weldments may be attributed to martensitic structure of the region. The fracture morphology of both the weldments obtained from T22 BM has revealed the ductile fracture. Comparatively higher tensile strength (578 MPa) of T91/T22, GTAW combination is noticed by virtue of lower heat input. The better performance of T91/T22, GTAW weldment can be quoted on the basis of better joint integrity, tensile strength and ductility (26.4%).     

激光拼焊异种超高强钢组织和力学性能

 汽车轻量化后对安全性和碰撞吸能性提出了更高要求,从而促进了高强、吸能材料及其拼接技术的发展。以汽车安保件之一的汽车B柱为研究对象,采用能满足要求的DP980双相钢和22MnB5热冲压成型钢异种材料进行激光拼焊,研究焊接热输入对焊接接头显微组织与力学性能的影响。通过保持激光输出功率不变(1.3 kW)改变焊接速度的方法控制焊接热输入,考察焊接热输入与拼焊接头组织和力学性能之间的关系。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度测试仪和拉伸试验机研究接头不同亚区的组织和性能。结果表明,当焊接速度为16~26 mm/s时,均获得了完整而无缺陷的熔化区组织;随着焊接速度的提高,不仅焊缝表面凹陷逐步改善,并且焊接热影响区宽度也随之减小。硬度测试表明,接头中存在明显的软化区域,主要分布在DP980侧热影响区的回火区和不完全相变区,而DP980侧热影响区的细晶区、粗晶区、22MnB5侧热影响区以及焊缝金属区的硬度则有所增加,形成了焊接接头的硬化区。拼焊接头在能形成完整接头的条件下抗拉强度保持为576~597 MPa,断裂均发生在22MnB5侧的母材区,断裂时有明显的颈缩现象;接头断后伸长率为11.9%~15.5%,介于DP980母材(11%)和22MnB5(22%)母材的断后伸长率之间;研究还表明,焊接热输入越大,焊接接头相同区域的组织越粗大。     

316L/X65双金属复合管焊接接头组织与性能

 采用钨极氩弧焊和手工电弧焊焊接316L/X65双金属复合管。利用光学显微镜、能谱仪、扫描电镜、力学性能测试及电化学测试等分析手段研究了复合管焊接接头的微观结构、化学成分、力学性能及电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明,过渡层焊缝的化学成分受到稀释较小,过渡层熔合线附近出现了元素迁移,不锈钢层焊缝与母材的化学成分基本一致;扩散层为类马氏体＋残留奥氏体,过渡层和不锈钢层焊缝均为奥氏体＋少量铁素体;在试验参数下,焊接接头各项力学性能优良、无缺陷;覆层焊缝与母材的电化学腐蚀性能相差极小。     

焊接电流对镁/镀锌钢 TIG熔--钎焊接头显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用TIG熔-钎焊焊接方法,以镁合金焊丝为填充材料,对镁合金与镀锌钢进行连接实验,并分析热输入量对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响.热输入量过小会阻碍镁/钢界面反应层的形成而使得焊缝难以焊合,热输入量过大又会促进焊缝内部脆性第二相的长大,降低接头力学性能.接头强度随着焊接电流和焊接速度的增大都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,电流为70 A时强度达到最大,该值接近AZ31B母材的88.7%.此时断裂发生于焊缝熔焊区,断面出现大量韧窝和撕裂棱,呈现出塑性断裂特征.      

Investigations on Dissimilar Weld of UNS S32205 DSS and ASTM A517 Steel

In the present research, microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel/A517 quench and tempered low alloy steel dissimilar joint were investigated. For this purpose, gas tungsten arc welding was used with ER2209 filler metal. Characterizations were conducted by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties were evaluated in micro-hardness, tensile and impact tests. Microstructure in the weld zone included an austenitic continuous network in the matrix of primary ferrite. No brittle phases were formed in the weld metal and stainless steel heat affected zone (HAZ). The weld metal/A517 interface showed higher hardness than other regions. Tensile tests indicated that the values of the yield and tensile strength were 663 and 796 MPa, respectively. Impact tests indicated that the weld zone had almost the same impact energy as base metals. The minimum impact energy of 12 J was related to A517 HAZ. The results of scanning electron microscopy for fracture surfaces indicated that weld zone, 2205 HAZ and A517 HAZ had ductile, ductile–brittle and brittle fracture mode, respectively.     

Microstructure and properties of laser-arc hybrid welding of high-strength low-alloy steel

Laser-arc hybrid welding has the characteristics of optimal surface formation and greater penetration;it is extensively used in the welding of plates of medium thickness.However,for hybrid welding of lasers,the welding seam cooling rate is rapid;thus,the welding seam has a higher tendency to significantly harden,which has a negative impact on the weld quality of the high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel plates of medium thickness.In this study,laser-arc hybrid welding is performed on the BG890QL HSLA steel produced by Baoshan Iron&Steel Co.,Ltd.,and the quenching tendency of the welded structure is examined.The results demonstrate that the specific growth direction of the columnar crystal structure of the laser-arc hybrid welded joint is obvious.However,at the center and top of the welded seam,there are equiaxed crystals.The impact properties at room temperature and-40℃of the weld area are 58.0 J and 40.0 J,respectively,and those of the heat-affected zone(HAZ)are 147.0 J and 66.5 J,respectively.The impact performance can meet these requirements.Laser-arc hybrid welding of HSLA steel can yield strong and durable welds and the HAZ structure to meet the requirements of engineering applications.     

12%Cr铁素体不锈钢不同化学成分对接头韧性的影响

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对两种成分的超低碳氮12%Cr铁素体不锈钢焊接热影响组织及冲击断口形貌进行观察与分析,提出提高焊接接头冲击韧性的措施,即必须控制其高温热影响区组织的晶粒尺寸;利用分布在晶界上的第二相组织抑制基体晶粒的长大;降低基体组织中的C、N等间隙原子的含量;采用合适的焊接工艺参数控制接头粗晶区的宽度等,综合优化工艺下可使焊接接头最薄弱区的冲击功在-40℃下提高92%。     

金刚石锯片焊接部位的组织结构与力学性能

采集金刚石圆锯片激光焊和高频钎焊部位作试样,分析研究了钢基体与粉末烧结刀头过渡层对焊焊缝横向的区段划分、焊缝形貌、金相组织、成分与物相、硬度及抗弯强度,并阐述了激光焊气孔的成因。结果表明:激光焊熔化区柱晶组织排布细腻,有残留气孔,硬度呈线性变化;钎焊熔化区为两相组织,枝晶明显,无裂纹气孔,硬度较低。激光焊钢热影响区产生针状马氏体;钎焊不存在相变引起的热影响区。激光焊和钎焊的刀头过渡层,在特定的配料体系下,也不存在固态相变引发的热影响区,基本保持了粉末烧结组织。激光焊和钎焊焊缝的抗弯强度均值分别为1 175 MPa、983 MPa,都大于国外安全强度要求,但激光焊焊缝强度波动相对较大,这与其残留气孔密切相关。     

超高强热成型钢板的点焊工艺性能研究

对试验用超高强热成型钢的电阻点焊工艺进行了研究,探讨了焊接电流对点焊接头压痕深度、焊核直径、焊透率以及拉断力的影响规律,讨论了电流模式对点焊试样断裂点位置和中心偏析的影响,分析了焊接接头软化区、中心偏析的原因。研究结果表明,该钢种具有良好的点焊性能。     

Si-Mn系超高强度热成形淬火钢板的点焊性能

 采用不同的点焊工艺参数对研发的1700MPa级Si-Mn系热成形淬火钢板与低碳钢板DC04进行异种材料之间点焊,并对焊接接头的拉伸性能、显微硬度分布及微观组织特征等进行了分析。结果表明,焊接电流对点焊接头熔核直径和抗剪强度具有显著的影响,而焊接时间的影响相对较小。超高强度钢板侧的热影响区存在两个明显的软化区和硬化区,即在靠近母材处存在一个硬度明显低于母材的软化区,其组织为回火马氏体;在靠近熔核处存在一个硬度明显高于母材的硬化区,其组织为细小的马氏体。点焊接头熔核部位为柱状粗大马氏体组织,其硬度明显低于超高强度钢板母材且远高于低碳钢板母材。低碳钢板热影响区低的硬度和明显粗化的铁素体组织,使得点焊接头单向拉伸时均从低碳钢板的热影响区一侧破断。     

热输入对DP600激光焊组织和力学性能的影响

摘要：为了研究DP600钢的焊接性能,采用5种不同的激光焊接工艺进行焊接试验。结果表明,焊接接头表面成形质量良好,随着热输入的增加,上下熔宽逐渐增大;熔融区均为板条状马氏体组织,当热输入高于33J/mm时热影响区组织为马氏体、铁素体和少量的回火马氏体;当热输入低于33J/mm时,热影响区组织为马氏体和铁素体。在低热输入条件下,回火时间很短,马氏体未发生分解;在高的热输入条件下,回火时间较长,马氏体分解显著,热影响区中出现M3C型碳化物,碳化物形貌以球状和片状为主。从熔融区到母材,显微硬度值逐渐降低;焊接接头静态拉伸失效位置均在母材,拉伸断口为韧性断口,DP600钢激光焊接接头不存在软化现象。     

Toughness of Armour grade Quenched and Tempered Steel Joints Fabricated Using Low Hydrogen Ferritic Fillers

 Quenched and tempered (Q&T) steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking in the HAZ after welding. Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) welding consumables are traditionally used for welding of high hardness Q&T steels as they have higher solubility for hydrogen. The use of stainless steel consumables for a non stainless steel base metal is not economical. In recent years, the developments of low hydrogen ferritic steel (LHF) consumables that contain no hygroscopic compounds are utilized for welding of Q&T steels. The armour grade Q&T steel joints fabricated using LHF filler exhibited superior joint efficiency due to preferential ferrite microstructure in the welds and also they offered required resistance to HIC. However, the combat vehicles used in military operations will be required to operate under a wide range of road conditions ranging from first class to cross country. Structural components in combat vehicles are subjected to dynamic loading with high strain rates during operation. Stress loadings within the vehicle hull of these vehicles are expected to fluctuate considerably and structural cracking especially in welds during the service life of these vehicles can lead to catastrophic failures. Under these conditions fracture behaviour of high strain rate sensitive structural steels can be better understood by dynamic fracture toughness (K1d). Hence, an attempt was made in this paper to study dynamic fracture toughness (K1d) of the armour grade Q&T steel and their welds fabricated using LHF consumables. The dynamic fracture toughness (K1d) of the armour grade Q&T steel and their welds are comparable with each other.     

汽车用高强TWIP980钢板点焊工艺研究

采用中频逆变点焊机对1．8mm厚TWIP980钢板进行了点焊工艺研究,分析了焊接工艺参数对钢板点焊性能的影响规律,确定了TWIP980钢板的点焊工艺参数和焊接工艺窗口。结果表明：焊前预热200ms的工艺可以避免产生焊接飞溅,焊后锻压工艺明显增加了熔核尺寸和焊点强度,消除了缩孔缺陷,扩大了焊接工艺参数的调节范围。     

船用热轧钢板焊接性能研究

建立了热轧钢板焊接热影响区（HAZ）的连续冷却转变曲线（焊接CCT曲线）,以研究船用热轧钢板的焊接性能。根据所建立的焊接CCT曲线,选择了合理的焊接工艺对10mm厚的船用热轧钢板进行了手工电弧焊,并对焊后的焊接接头进行了宏观检验和X射线探伤、力学性能试验及冲击试验。借助金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析了CCT图中不同冷速条件下的显微组织和焊接接头的显微组织以及冲击断口形貌。试验结果表明：根据建立的焊接CCT曲线,所选择的手工电弧焊的焊接工艺是合理的,焊缝质量良好,焊接接头具有良好的综合性能。     

海洋平台用S355G10+M厚钢板的焊接性研究

按照EN10225标准要求,对75 mm厚度规格海洋平台用S355G10+M钢板进行了堆焊硬度试验(BOP)、可控热拘束试验(CTS)以及热输入50 k J/cm埋弧焊对接接头系列力学性能试验,研究了钢板焊接热影响区(HAZ)的淬硬倾向、HAZ冷裂纹敏感性、焊接接头各部位抗拉强度、冲击韧性和裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)值的变化情况。结果显示S355G10+M厚钢板的HAZ最高硬度、焊接钢板冷裂纹、埋弧焊对接接头抗拉强度、低温冲击功均值、CTOD值等各项性能指标良好,满足海洋平台的焊接生产要求。     

镁-钢无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊接头机械连接状态分析

采用无匙孔搅拌摩擦焊对DP600镀锌钢和AZ31镁合金进行点焊搭接试验,利用扫描电镜观察其微观组织,分析拉伸断口推断其断裂过程.结果表明:镁-钢接头成形受转速与轴肩下压量影响敏感,可施焊工艺参数窗口小;在最优工艺参数下,接头成形良好,镁和钢相互嵌入锁合充分明显,具有典型"机械连接"特征;接头宏观形貌上,镁和钢分别呈多钩状互相嵌入对方并呈涡流状缠绕在一起;微观形貌上,由于搅拌针直接穿过钢板,钢侧搅拌针作用部分区域被撕裂与搅碎,镁、钢层叠交错分布,流向性明显,并存在少量由于镁蒸发造成的微观孔洞;拉断试验中,镁、钢分离起始于搅拌区外围不存在机械连接作用的区域,直至裂纹扩展至焊核区镁、钢互相缠绕部分钢的裂纹处,沿裂纹发生撕裂将钢板从镁板上剥离,断后在钢板的搅拌区域形成较大孔洞;接头横截面显微硬度显示,无论镁层钢层,其硬度分布均呈"W"型,符合普遍搅拌摩擦焊接头硬度分布特征.     

极薄带钢搭接焊热影响区断带问题分析与改善

针对某连续退火机组0.2 mm及以下极薄规格带钢出现的焊缝热影响区断带问题,结合实物断口形貌分析,从焊缝增厚量、焊接接头金相组织及熔合情况、焊接接头显微硬度分布等不同角度展开研究,确认断带由过渡区域存在未熔合缺陷、焊缝增厚量大、焊接接头硬度分布不均共同导致.通过合理优化工艺参数,加强对焊轮、碾压轮、刷轮等关键部件的精度...     

激光焊接速度对焊缝组织和硬度分布的影响

利用激光焊接工艺焊接核级不锈钢,通过改变激光焊接速度得到不同的焊接接头.采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等手段研究了熔深比、δ/γ比、组织形貌以及焊缝中各相的成分.通过显微硬度测试了焊缝接头上硬度分布.随着焊接速度的增加,焊缝熔深比线性增加,焊缝中δ-铁素体含量增加,岛状组织增多,板条状组织增多,蠕虫状组织减少,焊缝区的平均硬度值增加.      

Effect of Thermal Refining on Mechanical Properties of Annealed SAE 4130 by Multilayer GTAW

 During the first welding process in manufacturing a precise seam container, the steel material must first undergo a full annealing treatment. Multilayer welding operations are conducted and then applied with refining treatment to obtain the goal by hardening. The influence of thermal refining on mechanical properties of annealed SAE 4130 by multilayer GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) was discussed. The AW (annealing+welding) and AWST (annealing+welding+solution+tempering) occurred with a minimum hardness value at GGHAZ (grain growth heat affected zone) due to coarse grain growth; the hardness occurred with sudden drops between the multilayer welding, but was still larger than the minimum value at HAZ (heat affected zone). The welded joint efficiency of the AWST was 89.9%, with the elongation reduced to 77.2% of AST (annealing+solution+tempering). The cross section of the tensile samples both appeared with a uniform dimple-shaped structure, and however the necking for AST was greater than that for AWST. The impact value for AWST was 166.5% of AST. Moreover, from microstructure observations, it was found that AWST had a greater tendency to ductile failure than AST. These results can be inferred: the process of steady pressure and the initial position of the precision tube breakage HAZ. However, when stress occurs instantly, HAZ can absorb more energy, therefore the initial damage does not occur.