Bandwidth Aggregation-Aware Dynamic QoS Negotiation for Real-Time Video Streaming in Next-Generation Wireless Networks

In next generation wireless networks, Internet service providers (ISPs) are expected to offer services through several wireless technologies (e.g., WLAN, 3G, WiFi, and WiMAX). Thus, mobile computers equipped with multiple interfaces will be able to maintain simultaneous connections with different networks and increase their data communication rates by aggregating the bandwidth available at these networks. To guarantee quality-of-service (QoS) for these applications, this paper proposes a dynamic QoS negotiation scheme that allows users to dynamically negotiate the service levels required for their traffic and to reach them through one or more wireless interfaces. Such bandwidth aggregation (BAG) scheme implies transmission of data belonging to a single application via multiple paths with different characteristics, which may result in an out-of-order delivery of data packets to the receiver and introduce additional delays for packets reordering. The proposed QoS negotiation system aims to ensure the continuity of QoS perceived by mobile users while they are on the move between different access points, and also, a fair use of the network resources. The performance of the proposed dynamic QoS negotiation system is investigated and compared against other schemes. The obtained results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed scheme as it enhances the scalability of the system and minimizes the reordering delay and the associated packet loss rate.     

移动云计算中基于延时传输的多目标工作流调度

云计算和移动互联网的不断融合,促进了移动云计算的产生与发展.在移动云计算环境下,用户可将工作流的任务迁移到云端执行,这样不但能够提升移动设备的计算能力,而且可以减少电池能源消耗.但是不合理的任务迁移会引起大量的数据传输,这不仅损害工作流的服务质量,而且会增加移动设备的能耗.基于此,本文提出了基于延时传输机制的多目标工作流调度算法MOWS-DTM.该算法基于遗传算法,结合工作流的调度过程,在编码策略中考虑了工作流任务的调度位置和执行排序.由于用户在不断移动的过程中,移动设备的无线网络信号也在不断变化.当传输一定大小的数据时,网络信号越强则需要的时间越少,从而移动设备的能耗也越少.而且工作流结构中存在许多非关键任务,延长非关键任务的执行时间并不会对工作流的完工时间造成影响.因此,本文在工作流调度过程中融入了延时传输机制DTM,该机制能够同时有效地优化移动设备的能耗和工作流的完工时间.仿真结果表明,相比MOHEFT算法和RANDOM算法,MOWS-DTM算法在多目标性能上更优.     

现代化矿井通信技术与系统

提出了由矿用有线调度通信系统、矿井移动通信系统、矿井广播通信系统和矿井救灾通信系统等组成的煤矿井下通信技术体系。提出矿用调度通信系统应采用矿用有线调度通信系统。提出全矿井移动通信系统宜采用WiFi、3G、4G等通信技术。提出矿井广播通信系统既可采用矿用有线调度通信系统远程供电广播技术,也可采用基于以太环网和无源光网络的IP通信技术。提出矿井救灾通信系统应采用无线多媒体通信技术,宜采用WiFi和MESH等通信技术。提出矿井移动通信系统应满足手机脱网通信、基站脱网通信、无线自组织网络、接入煤矿井下有线宽带传输平台等要求。指出在手机脱网通信、接入煤矿井下有线宽带传输平台、无线自组织网络、矿用无线摄像机、基站脱网通信、多功能矿井移动通信系统、矿井无线宽带传输等方面,WiFi优于WCDMA、CDMA2000和TD-SCDMA。提出多功能矿井移动通信系统和矿井无线宽带传输宜采用WiFi。     

面向5G/Beyond 5G的移动边缘缓存优化技术综述

随着移动设备和新兴移动应用的广泛使用,移动网络中流量的指数级增长所引发的网络拥塞、时延较大、用户体验质量差等问题无法满足移动用户的需求。边缘缓存技术通过对网络热点内容的复用,能极大缓解无线网络的传输压力;同时,该技术减少用户请求的网络时延,进而改善用户的网络体验,已经成为面向5G/Beyond 5G的移动边缘计算（MEC）中的关键性技术之一。围绕移动边缘缓存技术,首先介绍了移动边缘缓存的应用场景、主要特性、执行过程和评价指标;其次,对以低时延高能效、低时延高命中率及最大化收益为优化目标的边缘缓存策略进行了分析和对比,并总结出各自的关键研究点;然后,阐述了支持5G的MEC服务器的部署,并在此基础上分析了5G网络中的绿色移动感知缓存策略和5G异构蜂窝网络中的缓存策略;最后,从安全、移动感知缓存、基于强化学习的边缘缓存、基于联邦学习的边缘缓存以及Beyond 5G/6G网络的边缘缓存等几个方面讨论了边缘缓存策略的研究挑战和未来发展方向。     

Energy-efficient multisite offloading policy using Markov decision process for mobile cloud computing

Mobile systems, such as smartphones, are becoming the primary platform of choice for a user’s computational needs. However, mobile devices still suffer from limited resources such as battery life and processor performance. To address these limitations, a popular approach used in mobile cloud computing is computation offloading, where resource-intensive mobile components are offloaded to more resourceful cloud servers. Prior studies in this area have focused on a form of offloading where only a single server is considered as the offloading site. Because there is now an environment where mobile devices can access multiple cloud providers, it is possible for mobiles to save more energy by offloading energy-intensive components to multiple cloud servers. The method proposed in this paper differentiates the data- and computation-intensive components of an application and performs a multisite offloading in a data and process-centric manner. In this paper, we present a novel model to describe the energy consumption of a multisite application execution and use a discrete time Markov chain (DTMC) to model fading wireless mobile channels. We adopt a Markov decision process (MDP) framework to formulate the multisite partitioning problem as a delay-constrained, least-cost shortest path problem on a state transition graph. Our proposed Energy-efficient Multisite Offloading Policy (EMOP) algorithm, built on a value iteration algorithm (VIA), finds the efficient solution to the multisite partitioning problem. Numerical simulations show that our algorithm considers the different capabilities of sites to distribute appropriate components such that there is a lower energy cost for data transfer from the mobile to the cloud. A multisite offloading execution using our proposed EMOP algorithm achieved a greater reduction on the energy consumption of mobiles when compared to a single site offloading execution.     

An Efficient Message Dissemination Scheme for Minimizing Delivery Delay in Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are a kind of sparse and highly mobile wireless networks, where no stable connectivity guarantee can be assumed. Most DTN users have several points of interest (PoIs), and they enjoy disseminating messages to the other users of the same PoI through WiFi. In DTNs, some time-sensitive messages (disaster warnings, search notices, etc.) need to be rapidly propagated among specific users or areas. Therefore, finding a path from the source to the destination with the shortest delay is the key problem. Taking the dissemination cost into consideration, we propose an efficient message dissemination strategy for minimizing delivery delay (MDMD) in DTNs, which first defines the user’s activeness according to the transiting habit among different PoIs. Furthermore, depending on the activeness, an optimal user in each PoI is selected to constitute the path with the shortest delay. Finally, the MDMD with inactive state (on the way between PoIs) is further proposed to enhance the applicability. Simulation results show that, compared with other dissemination strategies, MDMD achieves the lowest average delay, and the comparable average hopcounts, on the premise that the delivery ratio is guaranteed to be 100% by the sufficient simulation time.     

智能车位锁管理系统设计

为了解决广大市民停车难、停车贵等问题,将ZigBee与WiFi无线通信技术相结合,并引入实时时钟模块和继电器模块,通过软、硬件开发设计了智能车位锁管理系统.当有取车或停车需求时,手机用户通过WiFi接入网络并发送需求指令,ZigBee协调器收到通信请求后发送无线数据到指定终端,从而控制车位锁的升降.此外,该系统利用RTC实时时钟模块可计算停车时间并扣取费用.通过实验验证了该车位锁管理系统的有效性.本管理系统的设计为全市停车场进行联网提供了一种新方案.     

Energy-efficient WiFi scanning for localization

WiFi radio signals are commonly used for the localization of mobile devices. However, frequent scanning of WiFi reduces user experiences because it consumes significant energy on mobile devices. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient WiFi scan system for localization. The proposed system preserves the quality of service of each application and minimizes the energy consumption of WiFi scanning. The main idea is that the system adaptively controls the dwell time of beacon-listening in given locations. We predict the number of scanned access points (APs) according to locations and optimize the dwell time of beacon-listening to obtain the minimum number of scanned APs. The evaluation shows that the proposed system saves the energy consumption of WiFi scans by 33.6% and 45.7%, according to the number of scanned APs, while not decreasing the accuracy of localization in indoor and outdoor scenarios.     

无定形无线覆盖网络理论与关键技术

未来无线移动通信要求数量级提高传输速率、频谱及功率效率,并能提供更均匀的覆盖和更短的时延,无定形无线覆盖网络以柔性组网为基础、以用户为中心,能够深度挖掘无线资源、大幅提升用户体验,是支撑新一代宽带绿色移动通信最具潜力的研究方向。但是目前其仍处在起步阶段,存在着具有挑战性的基础理论和关键技术问题,有待深入、系统地研究。本文从无定形无线覆盖网络架构下包含的信道特征与信息理论分析、无定形无线覆盖网络无线传输以及环境综合感知与动态资源调配等方面入手,详细描述了多层小区重叠覆盖、控制面与用户面分离及上、下行接入模式解耦等核心理论问题,指出无定形无线覆盖网络可大幅提升系统平均吞吐量和区域容量, 实现全维度均匀覆盖, 最终以高质量的用户体验满足未来移动通信业务流量的增长需求,进而揭示出完整的无定形无线覆盖网络通信理论方法的重要理论意义和现实价值。     

面向海洋节能边缘计算的任务卸载研究

针对海洋通信网络能源不稳定、时延较长的问题,提出一种混合能量供应的边缘计算卸载方案。对于能量供应问题,移动边缘计算(MEC)服务器集成混合电源和混合接入点,混合电源利用可再生能源为MEC服务器供应能量,采用电力电网作为其补充能源,保证边缘计算系统的可靠运行,船舶用户通过混合接入点广播的射频(RF)信号收集能量。针对任务卸载优化问题,以能耗-时延权衡优化为目标,联合能量收集方法制定任务卸载比例、本地计算能力和发射功率的优化方案,最后利用降维优化算法,将目标函数简化为关于任务卸载比例的一维多约束问题,并利用改进的鲸鱼优化算法获得最优的执行总代价。利用边缘云模拟器EdgeCloudSim仿真的结果表明,所提方案较具有能量收集的资源分配方案和基本海上通信网络优化的方案执行成本分别降低了13.4%和9.6%。     

一种基于分簇技术的数据融合算法

针对无线传感器网络节点能耗的限制以及通信数据的隐私问题,提出一种基于分簇技术的数据融合算法（Data Fusion Algorithm based on Clustering Technology, DFACT）。算法通过分簇技术解决通信数据的时延,簇内利用算法选择合适簇头,并构造数据融合树结构进行数据融合,减少数据通信量,保护数据隐私;簇间采用基于移动代理模型选择最佳路径提高通信效率。实验结果表明,DFACT算法可以有效地降低大规模无线传感器网络节点耗能,提高数据的安全性,延长网络生命周期。     

基于稳定匹配的多用户任务卸载策略

随着许多计算密集型应用的出现,移动设备因其有限的计算能力无法满足用户时延、能耗等需求。移动边缘计算（MEC）通过无线信道将用户的任务计算卸载到MEC服务器,从而显著减少任务响应时延和能耗。针对多用户任务卸载问题,提出了基于稳定匹配的多用户任务卸载策略（MUTOSA）,在保证用户的时延要求下达到能耗最小化。首先,在综合考虑时延与能耗的基础上,对独立任务场景下的多用户任务卸载问题进行建模;然后,基于博弈论的稳定匹配中的延迟接收思想,提出了一种调整策略;最后,通过不断迭代,解决了多用户任务卸载问题。实验结果表明,该策略相较于基准策略和启发式策略能够满足更多用户的时延要求,平均提高约10%的用户满意度,并能减少约50%的用户设备总能耗。所提策略在保证用户时延要求的同时有效地减少了能耗,可以有效地提高用户对于时延敏感型应用的体验。     

基于移动云计算的计算迁移能效算法

移动云计算可以通过应用任务的计算迁移降低执行延时和改善移动设备能效,但面对多云站点选择时,迁移决策是NP问题。针对该问题,提出一种能效计算迁移算法。为了实现截止期限和预算约束下执行时间与代价的多目标优化,算法将优化过程分解为三步进行。首先根据用户对时间与代价参数的偏好,设计一种CTTPO算法对应用进行分割,生成迁移模块（云端站点执行）和非迁移模块（移动设备执行）;然后为了实现云端多站点间的迁移模块调度,设计一种基于教与学最优化方法的MTS算法,进而产生效率最优的应用调度解;最后设计一种基于动态电压缩放方法的ESM算法,通过多站点的性能缩放进一步降低应用执行能耗。通过两种随机应用结构图进行了仿真实验,实验结果证明,该算法在执行效率、执行代价以及执行能耗上要优于对比算法。     

Interference-Limited Device-to-Device Multi-User Cooperation Scheme for Optimization of Edge Networking

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is an emerging technology for improving cellular networks, which plays an important role in realizing Internet of Things (IoT). The spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency and throughput of network can be enhanced by the cooperation among multiple D2D users in a self-organized method. In order to limit the interference of D2D users and load off the energy consumption of D2D users without decreasing communication quality, an interference-limited multi-user cooperation scheme is proposed for multiple D2D users to solve the energy problem and the interference problem in this paper. Multiple D2D users use non-orthogonal spectrums to form clusters by self-organized method. Multiple D2D users are divided into different cooperative units. There is no interference among different cooperative units so as to limit the interference of each D2D user in cooperative units. When the link capacity cannot meet the requirements of the user rate, it will produce an interrupt event. In order to evaluate the communication quality, the outrage probability of D2D link is derived by considering link delay threshold, data rate and interference. Besides the energy availability and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each D2D user, the distance between D2D users is considered when selecting the relaying D2D users so as to enhance the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of D2D receiving users. Combining the derived outrage probability, the relationships among the average link delay threshold, the efficiency of energy and the efficiency of capacity are studied. The simulation results show that the interference-limited multiple D2D users cooperation scheme can not only help to offload energy consumption and limit the interference of D2D users, but also enhance the efficiency of energy and the efficiency of capacity.     

园区WiFi网下软定义移动通信的设计与实现

当前WiFi园区网络存在移动通信范围有限、主机地址配置受限等问题.软定义移动组网的已有研究大多集中于实现无线接入点的可编程性,其在实际部署中需要使用专用的接入点设施.以单跳有设施网络为研究目标,提出了一种园区WiFi网下软定义移动通信方案,为移动主机访问本地资源提供免配置接入和移动通信支持.其中,网络设施选择OpenFlow网络,普通接入点直接连接OpenFlow交换机.控制器负责分发包含接入位置的流表项,为移动主机提供基于名称的路由转发,并主动调整通信流的返回路径.目前已经完成系统原型开发,进行了移动通信实验,测量和分析了不同配置下的网络可用带宽和切换时延.实验结果表明,该组网模式可以实现主机的移动通信,主机网络配置和OpenFlow交换机性能对切换时延影响较小.     

Ubiquitous Access to Unified Messaging: A Study of Usability and the Use of Pervasive Computing

The advent of mobile devices and the wireless Internet is having a profound impact on the way people communicate, as well as on the user interaction paradigms used to access information that was traditionally accessible only through visual interfaces. Applications for mobile devices entail the integration of various data sources optimized for delivery to limited hardware resources and intermittently connected devices through wireless networks. Although telephone interfaces arise as one of the most prominent pervasive applications, they present interaction challenges such as the augmentation of speech recognition through natural language (NL) understanding and high-quality text-to-speech conversion. This article presents an experience in building an automated assistant that is natural to use and could become an alternative to a human assistant. The Mobile Assistant (MA) can read e-mail messages, book appointments, take phone messages, and provide access to personal-organizer information. Key components are a conversational interface, enterprise integration, and notifications tailored to user preferences. The focus of the research has been on supporting the pressing communication needs of mobile workers and overcoming technological hurdles such as achieving high accuracy speech recognition in noisy environments, NL understanding, and optimal message presentation on a variety of devices and modalities. The article outlines findings from the 2 broad field trials and lessons learned regarding the support of mobile workers with pervasive computing devices and emerging technologies.     

Gossip-based cooperative caching for mobile applications in mobile wireless networks

Cooperative caching is an efficient way to improve the performance of data access in mobile wireless networks, by cache nodes selecting different data items in their limited storage in order to reduce total access delay. With more demands on sharing a video or other data, especially for mobile applications in an Internet-based Mobile Ad Hoc Network, considering the relations among data items in cooperative caching becomes more important than before. However, most of the existing works do not consider these inherent relations among data items, such as the logical, temporal, or spatial relations. In this paper, we present a novel solution, Gossip-based Cooperative Caching (GosCC) to address the cache placement problem, and consider the sequential relation among data items. Each mobile node stores the IDs of data items cached locally and the ID of the data item in use into its progress report. Each mobile node also makes use of these progress reports to determine whether a data item should be cached locally. These progress reports are propagated within the network in a gossip-based way. To improve the user experience, GosCC aims to provide users with an uninterrupted data access service. Simulation results show that GosCC achieves better performance than Benefit-based Data Caching and HybridCache, in terms of average interruption intervals and average interruption times, while sacrificing message cost to a certain degree.     

End-to-End Security Across Wired-Wireless Networks for Mobile Users

ABSTRACT

Recent advances in mobile computing and wireless communication technologies are enabling high mobility and flexibility of anytime, anywhere service access for mobile users. As a result, network connections of such users often span over heterogeneous networking environments consisting of wired and wireless networking technologies. Both network heterogeneity and user mobility make the securing of data transmission over heterogeneous networks challenging and complex. In this paper, we focus on the challenge of providing secure end-to-end network transmissions to wireless mobile users. To minimize service interruption during ongoing secure sessions of mobile users, we present the design and implementation of an approach based on the well-known Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) standard. We conducted a performance evaluation of our implementation using a Voice over IP (VoIP) application over an actual network testbed. Our empirical performance results demonstrate a packet loss improvement of 17% to 34% (for various VoIP packet sizes) and a handoff delay improvement of almost 24% validating the high efficiency of our proposed approach.     

3G无线网络条件下的用户行为分析

随着无线通信技术和计算机网络技术的快速发展,通过移动手持设备快速有效地接入互联网成为广大用户的迫切需求,了解和分析无线用户的行为模式显得十分必要。对一个小区内通过3G无线上网用户的数据进行记录,处理后以此为基础估计数据之间的关系,得出流量、IP数和用户数之间随着时间变化的潜在关系,进一步得出反映无线互联网用户行为习惯的活跃指数。分析结果为无线互联网的性能的改进和提高,以及无线网络服务商合理决策提供了数据依据,具有重要的商业价值。     

A novel channel-adaptive uplink access control protocol for nomadic computing

We consider the uplink access control problem in a mobile nomadic computing system, which is based on a cellular phone network in that a user can use the mobile device to transmit voice or file data. This resource management problem is important because an efficient solution to uplink access control is critical for supporting a large user population with a reasonable level of quality of service (QoS). While there are a number of recently proposed protocols for uplink access control, these protocols possess a common drawback in that they do not adapt well to the burst error properties, which are inevitable in using wireless communication channels. We propose a novel TDMA-based uplink access protocol, which employs a channel state dependent allocation strategy. Our protocol is motivated by two observations: (1) when channel state is bad, the throughput is low due to the large amount of FEC (forward error correction) or excessive ARQ (automatic repeated request) that is needed and (2) because of item 1, much of the mobile device's energy is wasted. The proposed protocol works closely with the underlying physical layer in that, through observing the channel state information (CSI) of each mobile device, the MAC protocol first segregates a set of users with good CSI from requests gathered in the request contention phase of an uplink frame. The protocol then judiciously allocates channel bandwidth to contending users based on their channel conditions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol considerably outperforms five state-of-the-art protocols in terms of packet loss, delay, and throughput.